1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 基础饲粮及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 65.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 21.00 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 7.50 | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 2.00 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.70 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.10 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.10 | ||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.20 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.17 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.69 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.97 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.38 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.19 | ||
| 钙Ca | 3.30 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.30 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 000 IU,VE 16 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VK3 3.5 mg,VB1 1.5 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB2 7.0 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,D-生物素 D-biotin 0.06 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 15 mg,Fe 380 mg,Cu 260 mg,Mn 70 mg,Zn 60 mg,I 2.0 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 2)营养水平均为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.4 样品采集
1.5 指标测定
1.5.1 生产性能的测定
1.5.2 免疫指标的测定
1.5.3 回肠黏膜细胞因子含量的测定
1.5.4 回肠黏膜内质网应激相关基因表达的测定
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:GACAGCCATTCCTCCACCTT R:TTGGATGCCATGTGGACCAT | NM_204305 |
| 葡萄糖调节蛋白78 GRP78 | F:GGAATCCTTCGTGTCACAGC R:TAGCTCTCCAGCTCATTCCG | NM_205491.2 |
| 肌醇需求酶1 IRE1 | F:TGTCCATCAACATCCCTGCT R:CAGTCACCACCAGTCCATCT | NM_001285499.2 |
| 蛋白激酶受体样内质网激酶 PERK | F:ATCCGTTTGCCTAACAGGGA R:GCCAATCGGTGCTTTCATCT | XM_040671515.1 |
| 活化转录因子4 ATF4 | F:CGGATCACCCAATGACAACC R:TTGCTGACGCTACCTTCTCA | NM_204880.3 |
| X盒结合蛋白1 XBP1 | F:GTGAAGGAATCCCAGGTGGA R:AGACTGTCCAGAAAGCCGAA | NM_001006192.2 |
以上引物序列均从NCBI基因文库中获取。 | |
Above primer sequences were obtained from NCBI gene libraries. |
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表3 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of composite adsorbent combined with glutamine on performance of laying hens exposed to DON and T-2 toxin in summer |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | DON+T-2 | CA | CA+Gln | |||
| 平均日采食Average daily feed intake/g | 95.53a | 88.55b | 93.18ab | 92.96ab | 0.91 | 0.048 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 58.36 | 56.78 | 57.31 | 57.72 | 0.39 | 0.570 |
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 80.04Aa | 70.35Bb | 76.44Aa | 81.25Aa | 0.01 | 0.001 |
| 料蛋比Feed/egg | 2.05b | 2.23a | 2.15ab | 1.99b | 0.03 | 0.033 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡免疫功能的影响
表4 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡免疫功能的影响Table 4 Effects of composite adsorbent combined with glutamine on immune function of laying hens exposed to DON and T-2 toxin in summer |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | DON+T-2 | CA | CA+Gln | |||
| 血清Serum | ||||||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 28.10Aa | 13.85Bb | 22.66Aa | 21.40Aa | 1.46 | 0.002 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 239.53 | 222.50 | 236.31 | 234.76 | 6.48 | 0.802 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 63.57 | 63.17 | 65.20 | 62.99 | 2.95 | 0.994 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(ng/mL) | 601.69 | 595.46 | 587.24 | 604.00 | 8.89 | 0.915 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(ng/mL) | 628.74 | 592.04 | 615.14 | 593.07 | 7.88 | 0.303 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(ng/mL) | 565.15a | 498.21b | 523.94ab | 547.40a | 8.71 | 0.013 |
2.3 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡回肠黏膜炎症反应的影响
表5 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡回肠黏膜炎症反应的影响Table 5 Effects of composite adsorbent combined with glutamine on ileum mucosal inflammatory response of laying hens exposed to DON and T-2 toxin in summer pg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | DON+T-2 | CA | CA+Gln | |||
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 99.65Bb | 122.67Aa | 99.58Bb | 91.65Bb | 3.52 | 0.005 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 8.93a | 8.43ab | 8.11ab | 7.89b | 0.15 | 0.042 |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8 | 23.90 | 23.15 | 23.10 | 23.86 | 0.33 | 0.749 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | 5.81Aa | 4.95Bb | 6.18Aa | 5.83Aa | 0.13 | 0.001 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 16.38BCbc | 18.26Aa | 17.63ABab | 15.66Cc | 0.32 | 0.009 |
2.4 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡回肠黏膜内质网应激相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响
表6 复合吸附剂联合Gln对夏季DON和T-2毒素暴露蛋鸡回肠黏膜内质网应激相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响Table 6 Effects of composite adsorbent combined with glutamine on mRNA relative expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in ileal mucosa of laying hens exposed to DON and T-2 toxin in summer |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | DON+T-2 | CA | CA+Gln | |||
| 葡萄糖调节蛋78 GRP78 | 0.99Aa | 1.08Aa | 0.62Bb | 0.68Bb | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| 肌醇需求酶1 IRE1 | 1.01Aa | 0.98Aa | 0.72Bb | 0.56Cc | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| 蛋白激酶受体样内质网激酶PERK | 1.02B | 1.16A | 0.84C | 0.65D | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| 活化转录因子4 ATF4 | 0.98Bb | 1.11Aa | 0.76Cc | 0.83Cc | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| X盒结合蛋白1 XBP1 | 1.02Aa | 0.99Aa | 0.69Bb | 0.78Bb | 0.04 | <0.001 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号