1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 指示菌株和参考菌株
1.1.2 细胞系
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 样品采集
1.2.2 乳酸菌的分离纯化
1.2.3 乳酸菌鉴定
1.2.3.1 生理生化鉴定
1.2.3.2 16S rRNA分子生物学鉴定
1.2.4 乳酸菌的益生特性研究
1.2.4.1 抗生素敏感性试验
1.2.4.2 对主要肠道致病菌的抑制试验
1.2.4.3 胃肠道耐受试验
1.2.4.4 黏附试验
1.2.5 对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导HT-29细胞白细胞介素-8(IL-8)基因表达量的影响
表1 引物信息Table 1 Primer information |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp | GenBank序列号 GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白β-actin | F:TTGTTACAGGAAGTCCCTTGCC R:ATGCTATCACCTCCCCTGTGTG | 101 | NM_001101.5 |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8 | F:GAATGGGTTTGCTAGAATGTGATA R:CAGACTAGGGTTGCCAGATTTAAC | 129 | NM_001354840.3 |
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 乳酸菌的分离和鉴定
2.1.1 乳酸菌的分离结果
2.1.2 乳酸菌的生理生化试验结果
表2 生理生化试验结果Table 2 Results of physiological and biochemical tests |
| 项目 Items | 菌株Strains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBS2-3 | DBS4-3 | DBS5-5 | SBC1-6 | SBC4-9 | SBC5-3 | ZK2-2 | ZK3-1 | ZK7-2 | |
| 革兰氏染色Gram stain | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 接触酶Catalase | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 葡萄糖产酸试验 Acid from glucose test | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 葡萄糖产气试验 Gas from glucose test | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 硫化氢试验 Hydrogen sulfide test | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 硝酸盐还原试验 Nitrate reduction test | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
表3 糖类发酵试验结果Table 3 Results of saccharide fermentation test |
| 项目 Items | 菌株Strains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBS2-3 | DBS4-3 | DBS5-5 | SBC1-6 | SBC4-9 | SBC5-3 | ZK2-2 | ZK3-1 | ZK7-2 | |
| 葡萄糖酸盐Glucoheptonate | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 蜜二糖Melibiose | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - |
| 蔗糖Sucrose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 核糖Ribose | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 麦芽糖Maltose | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| 乳糖Lactose | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 甘露醇Mannitol | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 鼠李糖Rhamnose | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| 甘露糖Mannose | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| 苦杏仁甘Amygdalin | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
2.1.3 乳酸菌16S rRNA序列分析结果
表4 乳酸菌16S rRNA序列同源性比对结果Table 4 Results of 16S rRNA sequence homology alignment in lactic acid bacteria |
| 菌株 Strains | 中文名称 Chinese name | 拉丁文名称 Latin name | 碱基序列长度 Base sequence length/bp | 同源性 Homology/% | 登录号 Accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBS4-3 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 484 | 99 | EU626021.1 |
| DBS5-5 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 483 | 99 | EU626022.1 |
| DBS2-3 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 484 | 99 | EU626021.1 |
| SBC1-6 | 发酵乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus fermentum | 1 487 | 100 | KJ542880.1 |
| SBC4-9 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 424 | 100 | MF582922.1 |
| SBC5-3 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 396 | 100 | MT152171.1 |
| ZK2-2 | 黏膜乳杆菌 | Limosilactobacillus mucosae | 1 419 | 99 | MF425027.1 |
| ZK3-1 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 1 424 | 100 | MF582922.1 |
| ZK7-2 | 发酵乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus fermentum | 1 423 | 100 | MF582715.1 |
2.2 乳酸菌的益生特性研究
2.2.1 乳酸菌抗生素敏感性试验结果
表5 乳酸菌抗生素敏感性试验结果Table 5 Antibiotic sensitivity test results of lactic acid bacteria |
| 项目 Items | 菌株Strains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBS2-3 | DBS4-3 | DBS5-5 | SBC1-6 | SBC4-9 | SBC5-3 | ZK2-2 | ZK3-1 | ZK7-2 | |
| 氨苄青霉素Ampicillin | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I |
| 庆大霉素Gentamicin | I | R | S | I | R | I | S | R | I |
| 头孢噻吩Cephalothin | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 头孢噻肟Cefotaxime | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S |
| 头孢曲松钠 Ceftriaxone sodium | I | I | I | I | I | S | I | I | S |
| 阿莫西林Amoxicillin | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S |
| 青霉素G Penicillin G | S | I | I | I | I | I | I | I | S |
| 新生霉素Novobiocin | I | I | I | R | R | I | I | I | I |
| 诺氟沙星Norfloxacin | R | R | I | S | S | S | R | R | S |
| 环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin | R | R | I | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 磺胺甲噁唑Sulfamethoxazole | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
R表示乳酸菌对抗生素耐药,I表示乳酸菌对抗生素中度敏感,S表示乳酸菌对抗生素敏感。 | |
R indicates that LAB is resistant to antibiotics, I indicates that LAB is moderately sensitive to antibiotics, and S indicates that LAB is sensitive to antibiotics. |
2.2.2 乳酸菌对肠道主要致病菌的抑菌性试验结果
表6 乳酸菌对4种指示菌的抑菌性试验结果Table 6 Bacteriostatic test results of lactic acid bacteria against 4 indicator bacteria |
| 项目 Items | 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 Salmonella typhimurium | 福氏志贺菌 Shigella flexneri | 肠毒素性大肠杆菌 ETEC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank(pH 6.2) | - | - | - | - | |||||
| 菌株Strains | |||||||||
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌GG LGG | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| DBS2-3 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | |||||
| DBS4-3 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | |||||
| DBS5-5 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | |||||
| SBC1-6 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| SBC4-9 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| SBC5-3 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | |||||
| ZK2-2 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| ZK3-1 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| ZK7-2 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
空白为菌株培养上清液 。“-”表示无抑菌作用;“+”表示抑菌圈半径<3 mm;“++”表示抑菌圈半径3~6 mm;“+++”表示抑菌圈半径>6 mm。 | |
The bank was strain culture supernatant.“-” indicates no antibacterial effect; “+” indicates bacteriostatic circle radius <3 mm; “++” indicates bacteriostatic circle radius is 3 to 6 mm; “+++” indicates bacteriostatic circle radius >6 mm. |
2.2.3 乳酸菌胃肠道耐受性试验结果
表7 乳酸菌酸耐受性试验结果Table 7 Results of lactic acid bacterial acid tolerance test |
| 菌株 Strains | Lg值Lg value/(CFU/mL) | 下降值 Down value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH=3.0 | pH=6.2 | ||
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌GG LGG | 7.38±0.25 | 7.44±0.32 | 0.06 |
| DBS2-3 | 7.24±0.34 | 7.39±0.13 | 0.15 |
| SBC5-3 | 7.02±0.15 | 7.22±0.16 | 0.20 |
| ZK7-2 | 7.70±0.38 | 7.94±0.06 | 0.24 |
| ZK2-2 | 7.25±0.16 | 7.70±0.12 | 0.45 |
| DBS4-3 | 7.49±0.04 | 8.18±0.12 | 0.69 |
| SBC1-6 | 7.70±0.22 | 8.50±0.15 | 0.80 |
| ZK3-1 | 6.80±0.52 | 7.61±0.32 | 0.81 |
| SBC4-9 | 7.06±0.60 | 8.54±0.04 | 1.48 |
| DBS5-5 | 7.13±0.81 | 8.87±0.24 | 1.74 |
表8 乳酸菌胆盐耐受性试验结果Table 8 Results of bile salt tolerance test of lactic acid bacteria |
| 菌株 Strains | Lg值Lg value/(CFU/mL) | 下降值 Down value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.15%胆盐0.15% bile salts | 无胆盐Without bile salts | ||
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌GG LGG | NG | 6.90±0.24 | - |
| DBS2-3 | 6.86±0.16 | 7.26±0.06 | 0.40 |
| SBC5-3 | 7.39±0.05 | 7.60±0.11 | 0.21 |
| ZK7-2 | 6.42±0.16 | 7.14±0.07 | 0.72 |
NG表示不生长。 | |
NG means no growth. |

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