1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 DON降解菌株的筛选
1.2.2 超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定筛选菌株对DON的降解率
1.2.3 DON降解菌株的鉴定
表1 16S rRNA序列和gyrB基因的引物Table 1 Primers for 16S rRNA sequence and gyrB gene |
| 引物名称 Primer name | 引物功能 Primer function | 序列 Sequence |
|---|---|---|
| 27F | 16S rRNA测序 | 5'-AGAGTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3' |
| 1492R | 16S rRNA测序 | 5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3' |
| UP-1 | gyrB扩增 | 5'-GAAGTCATCATGACCGTTCTGCA(TC)GC(TCAG)GG(TCAG) GG(TCAG)AA(AG)TT(TC)GA-3' |
| UP-2r | gyrB扩增 | 5'-AGCAGGGTACGGATGTGCGAGCC(AG)TC(TCAG)AC(AG) TC(TCAG)GC(AG)TC(TCAG)GTCAT-3' |
| UP-1S | gyrB测序 | 5'-GAAGTCATCATGACCGTTCTGCA-3' |
| UP-2sr | gyrB测序 | 5'-AGCAGGGTACGGATGTGCGAGCC-3' |
1.2.4 活性物质的定位
1.2.5 加热、SDS和PK处理对活性物质的影响
1.2.6 DON降解产物的细胞毒性检测
表2 组别和药物浓度Table 2 Group and drug concentration |
| 组别Groups | 组成Composition |
|---|---|
| 空白组Blank group | 不含细胞和DON或者DON降解产物的培养液 |
| NC组NC group | 不含DON或者DON降解产物培养液 |
| DON组1 DON group 1 | 含0.5 μg/mL DON的培养液 |
| DON组2 DON group 2 | 含1.0 μg/mL DON的培养液 |
| 降解产物组1 Degradation product group 1 | 含0.5 μg/mL DON降解产物的培养液 |
| 降解产物组2 Degradation product group 2 | 含1.0 μg/mL DON降解产物的培养液 |
1.3 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 菌株的筛选与鉴定
2.1.1 菌株的筛选
2.1.2 菌株的鉴定
图3 解淀粉芽孢杆菌H7菌株的菌体形态观察A:NA培养基,培养12 h;B:革兰氏染色,培养24 h;C:扫描电镜,培养24~48 h。 Fig.3 Morphological observation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H7 A:NA medium,incubated for 12 h; B:Gram stain,incubated for 24 h; C:scanning electron microscopy,incubated for 24 to 48 h. |
表3 解淀粉芽孢杆菌H7菌株的生理生化特性Table 3 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H7 |
| 鉴定项目Identification items | 鉴定结果Identification results |
|---|---|
| V-P试验V-P assay | + |
| 柠檬酸盐Citrate | - |
| 丙酸盐Propionate | - |
| D-木醇D-xylitol | + |
| L-阿拉伯糖L-arabinose | + |
| D-甘露醇D-mannitol | + |
| 明胶液化试验Gelatine liquefaction assay | + |
| 7% NaCl生长试验7% NaCl growth assay | + |
| pH 5.7生长试验pH 5.7 growth assay | + |
| 硝酸盐还原试验Nitrate reduction assay | + |
| 淀粉水解试验Starch hydrolysis assay | + |
| 厌氧生长试验Anaerobic growth assay | - |
+:表示反应呈阳性;-:表示反应呈阴性。 | |
+ : indicates a positive reaction; - : indicates negative reaction. |
图4 解淀粉芽孢杆菌H7菌株的16S rRNA和gyrB PCR产物电泳图Fig.4 Electrophoretogram of 16S rRNA and gyrB PCR products of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H7 |
图5 解淀粉芽孢杆菌H7菌株基于16S rRNA与gyrB序列的进化树图A:基于16S rRNA的进化树;图B:基于gyrB序列的进化树。Figure A :phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA; figure B: phylogenetic tree based on gyrB sequence. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens:解淀粉芽孢杆菌;Bacillus nakamurai:中村芽孢杆菌;Bacillus vallismortis:死谷芽孢杆菌;Bacillus tequilensis:特基拉芽孢杆菌;Bacillus subtilis:枯草芽孢杆菌;Bacillus mojavensis:莫海威芽孢杆菌;Bacillus halotolerans:耐盐芽孢杆菌;Bacillus aerius:空气芽孢杆菌;Bacillus altitudinis:高地芽孢杆菌;Bacillus gobiensis:戈壁芽孢杆菌;Bacillus shackletonii:沙克尔顿芽孢杆菌;Bacillus solani:茄芽杆菌;Bacillus carboniphilus:嗜碳芽孢杆菌;Bacillus onubensis:奥努贝芽孢杆菌;Bacillus idriensis:病研所芽孢杆菌;Bacillus indicus:印度芽孢杆菌;Bacillus zeae:玉米芽胞杆菌;Falsibacillus pallidus:苍白假芽孢杆菌;Bacillus malacitensis:马拉加芽胞杆菌;Bacillus atrophacus:萎缩芽孢杆菌;Bacillus axarquiensis:阿克拉奎斯芽孢杆菌;strain:菌株。 Fig.5 Phylogenetic trees about Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H7 based on sequences of 16S rRNA and gyrB |
2.2 菌株活性物质的定位
2.3 活性物质鉴定
图7 解淀粉芽孢杆菌H7菌株中活性物质的鉴定Culture supernatant:培养上清液。Heat:加热处理培养上清液 the culture supernatant was treated with heat;SDS:添加十二烷基硫酸钠处理培养上清液 the culture supernatant was treated with SDS;PK:添加蛋白酶K处理培养上清液 the culture supernatant was treated with PK;SDS+PK:添加十二烷基硫酸钠和蛋白酶K处理培养上清液the culture supernatant was treated with SDS and PK。 Fig.7 Identification of active substance in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H7 |
2.4 DON降解产物的残留毒性检测
图9 DON降解产物对IPEC-J2细胞凋亡的影响Annexin V-EGFP:Ca2+依赖性的磷脂结合蛋白标记上EGFP荧光素Ca2+ dependent phospholipid binding protein labeled with EGFP fluorescein;PI:碘化丙啶 propidium lodide。 Q1区为细胞坏死,Q2区为总凋亡细胞,Q3区为早期凋亡细胞,Q4为细胞存活,E为早期凋亡率,T为总凋亡率。Q1 is cell necrosis, Q2 is late apoptotic cells, Q3 is early apoptotic cells, Q4 is cell survival, E is early apoptosis rate, and T is total apoptosis rate. Fig.9 Effects of DON degradation products on apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells |
表4 DON降解产物对细胞早期凋亡率和总凋亡率的影响Table 4 Effects of DON degradation products on early and total apoptosis rates of cells % |
| 组别 Groups | 24 h | 48 h | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 早期凋亡率 Early apoptosis rate | 总凋亡率 Total apoptosis rate | 早期凋亡率 Early apoptosis rate | 总凋亡率 Total apoptosis rate | ||
| NC组NC group | 4.23±0.49b | 9.41±0.68b | 3.14±0.23c | 8.31±0.45c | |
| 降解产物组 Degradation product group | 4.77±0.35b | 8.89±0.84b | 4.84±0.11b | 12.00±0.12b | |
| DON组DON group | 6.09±0.01a | 13.28±0.66a | 7.74±0.02a | 16.82±0.49a | |
每组所用浓度均为0.5 μg/mL。 | |
Concentrations used in each group are 0.5 μg/mL. |

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