1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | ||||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米 Corn | 41.62 | 43.56 | |||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal (46% CP) | 30.86 | 18.52 | |||
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal (60% CP) | 3.00 | 4.00 | |||
| 小麦 Wheat | 15.00 | 20.00 | |||
| 水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather powder | 3.00 | 5.00 | |||
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 2.43 | 5.10 | |||
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.02 | 1.11 | |||
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.90 | 0.52 | |||
| L-赖氨酸 L-Lys (70%) | 0.40 | 0.50 | |||
| 蛋氨酸 Met (88%) | 0.27 | 0.20 | |||
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.08 | 0.07 | |||
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.27 | 0.26 | |||
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (60%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||
| 抗氧化剂 Antioxygen | 0.03 | 0.04 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.56 | 13.44 | |||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 23.15 | 20.94 | |||
| 可消化赖氨酸 Digestible Lys | 1.22 | 1.07 | |||
| 可消化蛋氨酸 Digestible Met | 0.54 | 0.46 | |||
| 可消化蛋氨酸+可消化半胱氨酸 Digestible Met+digestible Cys | 0.89 | 0.81 | |||
| 可消化苏氨酸 Digestible Thr | 0.80 | 0.70 | |||
| 钙 Ca | 0.80 | 0.72 | |||
| 总磷 TP | 0.61 | 0.51 | |||
| 有效磷 AP | 0.39 | 0.32 | |||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 5 000 IU,VE 80 IU,VK3 3.2 mg,VB1 3.2 mg,VB2 8.6 mg,VB6 4.3 mg,VB12 0.017 mg,生物素 biotin 0.22 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2.2 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 20 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 65 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 20 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 120 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 110 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1.25 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.30 mg。 2)营养水平为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 血清生化指标
1.3.3 外周免疫和肠道黏膜免疫指标
1.3.4 空肠相关基因表达
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 登录号 Accession No. | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| 核因子-κB NF-κB | NM_205134.1 | F:GCACAACGCCTCTTCACATA R:GGCTCAAAGTTCTCAACGTG | 100 |
| 核因子E2相关因子2 Nrf2 | NM_205117.1 | F:GATGTCACCCTGCCCTTAG R:CTGCCACCATGTTATTCC | 216 |
| 单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶α AMPKα | NM_001039603.1 | F:TGGCATTTGGGGATACGGAG R:GATTCTTCCGTCGAACACGC | 130 |
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | NM_205518.1 | F:CACCACAGCCGAGAGAGAAA R:CACAGGACTCCATACCCAAGAA | 215 |
1.3.5 肠道指数和粪便含水量
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表3 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on growth performance of white-feathered broiler chickens |
| 日龄 Days of age | 项目 Items | 博落回提取物添加水平 Macleaya cordata extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 250 | 350 | |||||||||
| 1~13日龄 1 to 13 days of age | 初始体重 IBW/g | 43.56±0.14 | 43.67±0.23 | 43.75±0.20 | 0.776 | ||||||
| 13日龄体重 BW at 13 days of age/g | 490.52±5.76 | 486.73±8.44 | 489.28±7.39 | 0.932 | |||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 446.97±5.83 | 443.05±8.49 | 445.52±7.29 | 0.929 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 475.00±4.79 | 484.20±8.79 | 483.83±8.04 | 0.618 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 1.06±0.01 | 1.09±0.01 | 1.08±0.02 | 0.320 | |||||||
| 14~24日龄 14 to 24 days of age | 24日龄体重 BW at 24 days of age/g | 1 160.82±3.97 | 1 148.11±3.49 | 1 177.50±8.15 | 0.175 | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 670.29±17.37 | 661.38±8.27 | 688.22±7.89 | 0.294 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 1 006.15±20.37 | 975.88±10.87 | 977.98±8.84 | 0.268 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 1.51±0.03 | 1.48±0.02 | 1.42±0.02 | 0.060 | |||||||
| 25~30日龄 25 to 30 days of age | 30日龄体重 BW at 30 days of age/g | 1 565.42±28.16 | 1 599.89±14.84 | 1 644.36±22.09 | 0.068 | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 404.60±33.59 | 422.63±34.15 | 466.86±19.00 | 0.333 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 743.46±13.88b | 780.06±9.57a | 783.22±9.45a | 0.036 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 1.91±0.13 | 1.73±0.07 | 1.70±0.08 | 0.291 | |||||||
| 1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age | 42日龄体重 BW at 42 days of age/g | 2 277.36±87.11 | 2 336.80±68.99 | 2 394.10±36.37 | 0.486 | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 2 233.81±87.10 | 2 293.12±69.04 | 2 350.00±36.28 | 0.487 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 3 368.43±69.71 | 3 416.89±66.38 | 3 331.16±32.44 | 0.592 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 1.52±0.04 | 1.50±0.05 | 1.42±0.03 | 0.212 | |||||||
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡肠道指数和粪便含水量的影响
表4 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡肠道指数和粪便含水量的影响Table 4 Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on intestinal index and fecal water content of white-feathered broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 博落回提取物添加水平 Macleaya cordata extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 250 | 350 | ||
| 十二指肠相对长度 Relative length of duodenum/(cm/kg) | 20.74±0.62 | 20.64±0.73 | 20.78±0.95 | 0.991 |
| 空肠相对长度 Relative length of jejunum/(cm/kg) | 41.11±2.53 | 45.48±1.51 | 42.83±1.71 | 0.305 |
| 回肠相对长度 Relative length of ileum/(cm/kg) | 36.27±2.21 | 35.12±1.06 | 37.07±1.69 | 0.728 |
| 十二指肠相对重量 Relative weight of duodenum/(g/kg) | 8.13±0.16 | 7.73±0.38 | 7.67±0.26 | 0.468 |
| 空肠相对重量 Relative weight of jejunum/(g/kg) | 16.02±0.66 | 15.20±0.69 | 14.53±0.45 | 0.249 |
| 回肠相对重量 Relative weight of ileum/(g/kg) | 10.97±0.37 | 10.68±0.44 | 10.55±0.18 | 0.749 |
| 粪便含水量 Fecal water content/% | 80.72±0.67a | 77.26±1.36b | 76.58±1.15b | 0.031 |
2.3 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表5 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on serum biochemical indices of white-feathered broiler chickensmmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 博落回提取物添加水平 Macleaya cordata extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 250 | 350 | ||
| 葡萄糖 GLU | 9.24±0.60 | 9.05±0.31 | 9.18±0.31 | 0.951 |
| 尿酸 UA | 167.88±9.20 | 160.00±22.23 | 168.75±12.03 | 0.909 |
| 甘油三酯 TG | 0.50±0.03 | 0.49±0.05 | 0.48±0.03 | 0.941 |
2.4 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡外周免疫和肠道黏膜免疫指标的影响
表6 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡外周免疫和肠道黏膜免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on peripheral immunity and intestinal mucosal immune indices of white-feathered broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 博落回提取物添加水平 Macleaya cordata extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 250 | 350 | |||
| 血清 Serum | 白细胞介素-4 IL-4/(pg/mL) | 124.84±2.48 | 127.65±3.53 | 130.17±6.23 | 0.646 |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 72.76±0.38a | 70.12±1.04ab | 68.00±0.59b | 0.014 | |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 64.98±1.68b | 71.70±1.32a | 72.07±1.15a | 0.004 | |
| 白细胞介素-17 IL-17/(pg/mL) | 50.22±1.73 | 47.03±1.47 | 45.26±1.25 | 0.083 | |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 70.05±0.32a | 71.98±0.66a | 67.10±0.97b | 0.001 | |
| 溶菌酶 Lysozyme/(pg/mL) | 677.20±8.99 | 679.31±16.20 | 684.79±11.70 | 0.909 | |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 1 207.00±7.63b | 1 278.45±74.21b | 1 543.98±61.57a | 0.002 | |
| 空肠黏膜 Jejunal mucosa | 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/g) | 42.14±0.69 | 44.25±0.76 | 46.90±3.64 | 0.323 |
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(ng/g) | 20 206.04±255.89 | 20 979.59±335.07 | 22 477.25±1 911.35 | 0.370 | |
2.5 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡空肠相关基因表达的影响
表7 博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡空肠相关基因表达的影响Table 7 Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on related gene expression in jejunum of white-feathered broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 博落回提取物添加水平 Macleaya cordata extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 250 | 350 | ||
| 核因子-κB NF-κB | 1.00±0.13c | 2.44±0.17a | 1.78±0.24b | <0.001 |
| 单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶α AMPKα | 1.00±0.23b | 0.67±0.06b | 1.62±0.15a | 0.010 |
| 核因子E2相关因子2 Nrf2 | 1.00±0.25 | 1.34±0.04 | 1.52±0.17 | 0.216 |

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