1 材料与方法
1.1 试验时间与地点
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~28日龄 1 to 28 days of age | 29~70日龄 29 to 70 days of age | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 59.03 | 58.58 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 23.10 | 20.60 |
| 次粉 Wheat middling | 5.00 | 6.00 |
| 稻壳粉 Rice husk meal | 0.60 | 3.50 |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.96 | 1.65 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.89 | 0.85 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.35 | 0.40 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 0.35 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 12.12 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 17.11 | 16.05 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 4.54 | 5.60 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.87 | 0.80 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.30 | 0.28 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.55 | 0.50 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.95 | 0.85 |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.45 | 0.40 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 9 000 IU,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB5 40 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VB12 12 μg,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 40 mg,VK3 0.8 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 11 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 10 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 4 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 85 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 30 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 65 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.30 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.50 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集与指标测定
1.5.1 生长性能
1.5.2 屠宰性能
1.5.3 血清生化指标
1.5.4 胸肌pH、肉色、质构特性及嫩度
1.5.5 胸肌脂肪酸组成
1.6 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance of meat geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 1~28日龄 1 to 28 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/kg | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.12 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/kg | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.14ab | 2.25a | 2.08ab | 1.91b | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 1~70日龄 1 to 70 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/kg | 0.21b | 0.25ab | 0.27a | 0.22b | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/kg | 0.84b | 0.94ab | 1.04a | 0.85b | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 料重比 F/G | 4.01 | 3.72 | 3.79 | 3.85 | 0.06 | 0.28 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on slaughter performance of meat geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 屠体重 Dressing weight/kg | 2.85 | 3.24 | 2.82 | 2.67 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% | 81.70 | 82.58 | 83.73 | 82.84 | 0.33 | 0.20 |
| 半净膛率 Half eviscerated percentage/% | 77.21 | 77.63 | 78.58 | 76.21 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated percentage/% | 70.58 | 71.11 | 72.07 | 70.59 | 0.04 | 0.31 |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle percentage/% | 18.36 | 21.08 | 19.23 | 19.79 | 0.65 | 0.59 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage/% | 2.09 | 1.86 | 1.74 | 1.79 | 0.11 | 0.67 |
2.3 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅血清生化指标的影响
表4 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on serum biochemical indexes of meat geesemmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 甘油三酯 TG | 0.77 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.02 | 0.42 |
| 总胆固醇 TC | 5.58 | 4.80 | 4.81 | 5.43 | 0.17 | 0.26 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C | 4.99b | 6.06ab | 5.95ab | 6.94a | 0.24 | 0.01 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C | 1.54 | 1.27 | 1.39 | 1.48 | 0.08 | 0.51 |
2.4 饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌和糖萜素对肉鹅胸肌pH、肉色、质构特性及嫩度的影响
表5 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌pH及肉色的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle pH and meat color of meat geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| pH | 5.86 | 5.82 | 5.87 | 5.87 | 0.01 | 0.26 |
| 亮度 L* | 37.59 | 36.09 | 36.82 | 36.39 | 0.24 | 0.11 |
| 红度 a* | 8.48 | 9.05 | 8.86 | 9.18 | 0.29 | 0.20 |
| 黄度 b* | 5.20 | 5.09 | 5.12 | 4.99 | 0.25 | 0.93 |
表6 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌质构特性及嫩度的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle texture characteristics and tenderness of meat geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 硬度 Hardness/g | 82.75a | 73.58ab | 49.13b | 92.40a | 5.39 | 0.01 |
| 黏性 Adhesiveness/N | -1.63a | -2.28ab | -2.97b | -2.53ab | 0.18 | 0.04 |
| 弹性 Springiness/mm | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| 胶黏性 Gumminess/N | 24.97a | 19.51ab | 12.55b | 23.69a | 1.55 | 0.01 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/g | 7.27 | 3.80 | 3.88 | 6.37 | 0.53 | 0.03 |
| 回复性 Resilience/mm | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.58 |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 5.94b | 4.03c | 5.66b | 7.83a | 0.33 | <0.01 |
2.5 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响
表7 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响Table 7 Effects of saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle fatty acid composition of meat geese% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| C4:0 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.35 |
| C6:0 | 0.46a | 0.47a | 0.39b | 0.45a | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| C8:0 | 0.25a | 0.25a | 0.22b | 0.26a | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| C11:0 | 0.12a | 0.12a | 0.10b | 0.13a | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| C12:0 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| C14:0 | 0.25a | 0.25a | 0.23a | 0.21b | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| C14:1 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.42 |
| C15:0 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| C16:0 | 20.67 | 20.14 | 20.12 | 19.66 | 0.60 | 0.75 |
| C16:1 | 1.44 | 1.57 | 1.89 | 1.77 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| C18:0 | 13.48a | 13.58a | 12.00b | 12.87ab | 1.07 | 0.04 |
| C18:1n9t | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.53 |
| C18:1n9c | 29.76 | 31.59 | 33.65 | 32.00 | 1.37 | 0.13 |
| C18:2n6c | 17.49 | 15.50 | 15.85 | 15.86 | 0.58 | 0.33 |
| C18:3n6 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
| C18:3n3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.84 |
| C21:0 | 0.15a | 0.10b | 0.08b | 0.06b | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| C20:2 | 1.06b | 1.36a | 0.80b | 0.89b | 0.07 | <0.01 |
| C22:0 | 0.78a | 0.80a | 0.47b | 0.64ab | 0.09 | <0.01 |
| C20:3n6 | 11.88 | 11.61 | 10.97 | 12.37 | 1.68 | 0.62 |
| C20:5n3 | 1.09 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.08 | 0.20 |
| C22:6n3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.52 |
| 饱和脂肪酸 SFA | 37.08a | 36.40a | 35.76ab | 34.80b | 0.25 | <0.01 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA | 31.07c | 33.98bc | 36.34ab | 37.66a | 1.43 | <0.01 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA | 31.56 | 30.11 | 29.49 | 30.97 | 0.40 | 0.09 |
图1 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响SFA:饱和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acid;MUFA:单不饱和脂肪酸 monounsaturated fatty acid;PUFA:多不饱和脂肪酸 polyunsaturated fatty acid。 数据柱形标注*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle fatty acid composition of meat geese Value columns with different * mean significant difference (P<0.05), ** mean significant difference (P<0.01). |

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