1 材料与方法
1.1 SBPE的制备
1.2 氧化大豆油的制备
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~3周龄 0 to 3 weeks of age | 4~6周龄 4 to 6 weeks of age | 7~9周龄 7 to 9 weeks of age | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米 Corn | 53.88 | 59.81 | 69.40 | |
| 麸皮 Wheat middlings | 2.20 | 2.47 | 1.83 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 22.53 | 22.28 | 15.66 | |
| 全脂大豆 Full fat soybean | 6.00 | 3.80 | 2.97 | |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.50 | 3.00 | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 9.00 | 5.10 | 3.37 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 2.19 | 2.00 | 1.70 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.23 | 1.10 | 1.05 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.07 | |
| L-赖氨酸 L-Lys | 0.10 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.12 | 12.54 | 12.96 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 20.45 | 18.46 | 16.03 | |
| 钙 Ca | 1.29 | 1.40 | 1.22 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.72 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.34 | |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.65 | |
| L-赖氨酸 L-Lys | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.85 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VD3 1 250 IU,VA 7 500 IU,VK3 0.6 mg,DL-α-生育酚乙酸酯 DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate 30 mg,盐酸硫胺 thiamine hydrochloride 3 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 6 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.75 mg,烟酸 niacin 35 mg,Zn 75 mg,Mn 100 mg,Fe 400 mg,Cu 2.25 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集与指标测定
1.5.1 生长性能测定
1.5.2 营养物质表观代谢率测定
1.5.3 血浆采集及相关指标测定
1.5.4 免疫器官指数测定
1.6 数据整理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of SBPE on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | BC组 BC group | OX组 OX group | SBPE添加量 SBPE addition level/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||||
| 体重 BW/g | 1日龄 1 day of age | 39.32±0.69 | 39.50±0.40 | 39.45±0.80 | 39.22±0.51 | 39.48±0.36 | |
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 410.79±23.87ab | 396.86±28.17b | 411.68±15.42ab | 422.22±30.29a | 423.76±14.49a | ||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 1 228.38±52.92a | 1 167.74±62.52b | 1 211.16±22.44ab | 1 198.47±76.67ab | 1 195.09±69.31ab | ||
| 63日龄 63 days of age | 1 925.54±132.04 | 1 905.27±168.40 | 1 969.28±130.91 | 1 973.81±168.37 | 1 991.10±142.64 | ||
| 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 28.93±0.91a | 27.65±1.24b | 29.15±1.28a | 29.82±1.13a | 29.59±1.39a | |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 78.74±4.07ab | 75.82±5.52b | 79.46±3.06ab | 78.13±4.55ab | 80.85±6.82a | ||
| 43~63日龄 43 to 63 days of age | 102.62±7.54 | 100.64±11.59 | 104.36±10.44 | 101.13±12.44 | 104.03±13.99 | ||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 18.19±1.52a | 16.54±1.25b | 17.50±1.03ab | 18.23±1.44a | 18.13±1.00a | |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 38.76±2.20a | 34.84±5.62b | 38.21±3.73ab | 37.47±3.65ab | 38.07±2.71ab | ||
| 43~63日龄 43 to 63 days of age | 34.53±3.52 | 35.39±12.23 | 35.63±4.69 | 36.42±6.58 | 38.82±11.19 | ||
| 料重比 F/G | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 1.60±0.12 | 1.68±0.11 | 1.65±0.10 | 1.63±0.19 | 1.62±0.14 | |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 2.03±0.10 | 2.17±0.29 | 2.13±0.08 | 2.09±0.13 | 2.12±0.08 | ||
| 43~63日龄 43 to 63 days of age | 2.99±0.29 | 3.17±1.66 | 2.94±0.17 | 2.91±0.39 | 2.72±0.81 | ||
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡营养物质表观代谢率的影响
表3 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡营养物质表观代谢率的影响Table 3 Effects of SBPE on nutrient apparent metabolic rates of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress% |
| 项目 Items | BC组 BC group | OX组 OX group | SBPE添加量 SBPE addition level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
| 16~21日龄 16 to 21 days of age | |||||
| 干物质 DM | 71.20±2.81 | 69.74±2.89 | 70.25±0.92 | 71.29±1.89 | 71.99±2.41 |
| 有机物 OM | 75.09±3.79ab | 72.95±2.52b | 73.34±0.93b | 77.25±5.51a | 76.13±3.30ab |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 62.43±4.96a | 57.40±7.67b | 59.42±2.71ab | 60.54±4.05ab | 61.17±1.90ab |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 93.29±2.13 | 90.03±1.96 | 90.93±5.40 | 91.09±4.07 | 91.49±3.33 |
| 钙 Ca | 53.24±5.89 | 55.50±5.96 | 49.90±4.90 | 50.07±7.11 | 53.04±3.77 |
| 磷 P | 53.97±5.31 | 55.31±4.40 | 56.96±2.75 | 55.56±4.46 | 54.93±3.02 |
| 37~42日龄 37 to 42 days of age | |||||
| 干物质 DM | 71.51±2.52 | 70.61±1.83 | 71.45±2.32 | 71.34±5.16 | 71.38±1.08 |
| 有机物 OM | 74.79±2.22 | 75.16±3.62 | 74.61±2.13 | 74.31±4.66 | 74.38±1.00 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 54.39±4.25 | 53.39±2.94 | 54.67±8.30 | 53.16±4.12 | 57.82±2.95 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 89.72±3.39 | 90.02±3.43 | 89.38±1.94 | 90.30±3.53 | 89.65±2.99 |
| 钙 Ca | 59.27±5.37 | 52.73±6.66 | 52.84±9.90 | 51.26±5.07 | 53.95±5.33 |
| 磷 P | 55.57±4.01 | 53.66±3.82 | 52.82±8.26 | 52.22±3.12 | 56.07±4.27 |
| 58~63日龄 58 to 63 days of age | |||||
| 干物质 DM | 71.77±3.21 | 72.50±2.42 | 72.39±1.89 | 72.37±1.68 | 71.72±4.15 |
| 有机物 OM | 74.97±2.93 | 75.51±2.07 | 75.42±1.72 | 75.81±1.50 | 74.75±3.79 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 56.66±5.86 | 53.58±1.91 | 54.55±4.48 | 54.38±4.22 | 56.93±4.28 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 89.05±2.74 | 89.81±3.58 | 90.24±2.64 | 91.66±2.62 | 90.83±3.08 |
| 钙 Ca | 47.79±6.52 | 46.05±8.62 | 51.38±5.19 | 47.34±4.86 | 50.06±6.68 |
| 磷 P | 50.78±4.06 | 53.04±5.81 | 51.85±3.17 | 50.92±3.63 | 54.35±4.34 |
2.3 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响
表4 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of SBPE on immune organ indices of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress% |
| 项目 Items | BC组 BC group | OX组 OX group | SBPE添加量 SBPE addition level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | |||||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.18±0.07a | 0.19±0.06a | 0.15±0.05ab | 0.15±0.04ab | 0.14±0.04b |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.16±0.06 | 0.14±0.05 | 0.15±0.03 | 0.16±0.08 | 0.14±0.03 |
| 胸腺指数 Pancreatic index | 0.48±0.15 | 0.39±0.12 | 0.46±0.06 | 0.46±0.11 | 0.46±0.16 |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | |||||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.15±0.04 | 0.14±0.06 | 0.14±0.04 | 0.14±0.06 | 0.13±0.03 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.11±0.03 | 0.10±0.03 | 0.10±0.04 | 0.10±0.04 | 0.10±0.06 |
| 胸腺指数 Pancreatic index | 0.36±0.09 | 0.34±0.12 | 0.36±0.15 | 0.32±0.14 | 0.40±0.11 |
| 63日龄 63 days of age | |||||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.13±0.02b | 0.16±0.06ab | 0.15±0.05ab | 0.17±0.06a | 0.16±0.07ab |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.08±0.04 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.07±0.04 | 0.08±0.04 | 0.07±0.03 |
| 胸腺指数 Pancreatic index | 0.26±0.14 | 0.25±0.17 | 0.28±0.14 | 0.33±0.15 | 0.28±0.12 |
2.4 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡血浆免疫指标的影响
表5 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡血浆免疫指标的影响Table 5 Effects of SBPE on plasma immune indexes of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress |
| 项目 Items | BC组 BC group | OX组 OX group | SBPE添加量 SBPE addition level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | |||||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 1.37±0.44Cc | 2.22±0.44Aa | 1.73±0.42BCbc | 1.80±0.48ABCbc | 2.03±0.50ABab |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 3.42±0.64Cc | 4.68±0.52Aa | 4.03±0.52Bb | 3.88±1.07ABab | 4.50±0.58ABab |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 1.24±0.37Bc | 1.87±0.54Aa | 1.37±0.50Bbc | 1.66±0.57ABab | 1.72±0.33ABab |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 20.61±2.71Cd | 37.73±2.73Aa | 36.12±6.97Aab | 33.07±4.92ABbc | 30.58±2.20Bc |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2/(pg/mL) | 158.40±26.69Dd | 260.13±20.56Aa | 243.65±22.51ABab | 232.32±25.15BCbc | 214.33±21.28Cc |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | |||||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 1.40±0.44Bb | 2.15±0.35Aa | 1.50±0.17Bb | 1.55±0.38Bb | 1.64±0.52Bb |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 3.53±0.28Cc | 4.78±0.49Aa | 3.68±0.35BCbc | 3.51±0.88BCbc | 3.97±0.31Bb |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 0.95±0.32Cc | 1.58±0.32Aa | 0.98±0.32BCbc | 1.17±0.38BCbc | 1.29±0.22Bb |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 27.84±2.43Dd | 53.88±1.65Aa | 49.74±3.35ABab | 47.85±2.56BCbc | 44.96±3.94Cc |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2/(pg/mL) | 132.60±18.01Cc | 317.86±21.27Aa | 299.27±12.30Aa | 274.35±13.61Bb | 260.35±23.24Bb |
| 63日龄 63 days of age | |||||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 0.86±0.30Bc | 1.40±0.21Aa | 1.18±0.24Ab | 1.26±0.17Aab | 1.32±0.20Aab |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 3.08±0.36Bb | 3.60±0.39Aa | 3.16±0.44Bb | 3.35±0.30ABab | 3.52±0.28Aa |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 0.81±0.13Bc | 1.07±0.20Aa | 0.84±0.13Bbc | 0.83±0.22Bbc | 0.89±0.25ABab |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 55.15±3.10Ee | 73.29±3.82Aa | 68.78±3.13Bb | 62.56±2.94Cc | 59.25±2.28Dd |
2.5 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡血浆抗氧化指标的影响
表6 SBPE对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡血浆抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of SBPE on plasma antioxidant indexes of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress |
| 项目 Items | BC组 BC group | OX组 OX group | SBPE添加量 SBPE addition level/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||||||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | |||||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 67.83±3.72De | 95.67±7.75Aa | 73.72±8.00CDd | 80.50±8.36BCc | 86.81±7.84Bb | ||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 367.34±51.42Cc | 636.03±71.28Aa | 383.11±38.45Cc | 440.61±44.24Bb | 475.36±53.93Bb | ||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 8.50±0.84Dd | 12.39±0.93Aa | 9.14±1.06CDcd | 9.86±0.66BCbc | 10.38±0.93Bb | ||||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 38.10±5.70Dd | 62.89±7.73Aa | 41.99±3.83CDc | 48.23±4.52BCb | 51.88±7.18Bb | ||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.73±0.74Dd | 5.53±0.49Aa | 4.97±0.51ABab | 4.65±0.31Bb | 3.91±0.37Cc | ||||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | |||||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 58.26±3.18Dc | 85.26±6.14Aa | 61.39±5.12CDc | 64.77±6.75BCb | 69.34±3.48Bb | ||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 313.41±52.39Cc | 437.96±31.50Aa | 334.69±40.89BCbc | 346.23±28.79BCbc | 358.12±49.49Bb | ||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 6.81±1.02Cc | 10.25±1.03Aa | 8.09±0.78Bb | 8.88±1.20Bb | 9.05±0.85Bb | ||||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 29.70±3.14Dd | 45.14±7.78Aa | 32.86±4.12CDcd | 35.52±5.13BCc | 39.94±5.64Bb | ||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.16±0.12Cc | 6.04±0.41Aa | 5.74±0.56Aa | 5.30±0.16Bb | 5.14±0.19Bb | ||||
| 63日龄 63 days of age | |||||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 40.31±2.15Ee | 58.93±3.68Aa | 45.71±2.99Dd | 51.96±3.20Cc | 54.65±2.49Bb | ||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 248.88±30.23Ce | 325.80±38.58Aa | 256.02±33.02Ccd | 281.02±28.96BCbc | 302.11±40.30ABab | ||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 4.97±0.77Dd | 7.35±0.64Aa | 5.22±0.24CDcd | 5.69±0.39BCc | 6.21±0.51Bb | ||||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 19.12±4.22Dd | 33.48±2.82Aa | 21.48±5.62CDc | 26.42±2.90BCb | 31.25±3.23ABab | ||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.75±0.42Cd | 7.01±0.44Aa | 6.65±0.19ABb | 6.17±0.51BCc | 6.00±0.13Cc | ||||

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