1 材料与方法
1.1 试验饲粮
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮精氨酸水平 Dietary arginine level/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||||
| 玉米 Corn | 64.12 | 64.12 | 64.12 | 64.12 | 64.12 | 64.12 | |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.10 | |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.10 | |
| 麸皮 Bran | 3.99 | 3.99 | 3.99 | 3.99 | 3.99 | 3.99 | |
| 菊花梗粉 Chrysanthemum stalks powder | 2.89 | 2.89 | 2.89 | 2.89 | 2.89 | 2.89 | |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 | |
| 豆粕 Soyabean meal | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 5.65 | 5.65 | 5.65 | 5.65 | 5.65 | 5.65 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | |
| L-丙氨酸 L-Ala | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.00 | |
| L-精氨酸 L-Arg | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.50 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.01 | 12.01 | 12.01 | 12.01 | 12.01 | 12.01 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 18.03 | 18.03 | 18.03 | 18.03 | 18.03 | 18.03 | |
| 钙 Ca | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.27 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | |
| L-精氨酸 L-Arg | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 9 000 IU,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 40 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VB11 0.5 mg,VB12 12 μg,VK3 0.8 mg,Zn 65 mg,Cu 4.0 mg,I 0.3 mg,Mn 30 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinic acid 30 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 2.5 g,Fe 80 mg,Se 0.5 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 11 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,胆碱 choline 740 mg。 2)L-精氨酸、粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,其余营养水平为计算值。L-Arg, CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 种蛋质量
1.4.2 血清激素和细胞因子含量
1.5 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅种蛋质量的影响
表2 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅种蛋质量的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary arginine level on breeding egg quality of Wulong geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮精氨酸水平 Dietary arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.72(对照组 Control group) | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | ||
| 孵化率 HR/% | 87.30±1.44b | 91.79±1.07a | 92.49±0.28a | 94.63±1.37a | 92.27±0.56a | 93.58±2.89a | 0.042 |
| 受精率 FR/% | 88.75±2.34 | 90.00±2.50 | 85.92±3.12 | 91.25±4.24 | 82.50±5.73 | 75.00±14.10 | 0.554 |
| 合格率 QR/% | 96.25±5.59 | 97.50±5.59 | 96.08±3.58 | 98.75±2.79 | 98.75±2.79 | 96.25±8.38 | 0.911 |
| 蛋形指数 ESI | 1.41±0.02 | 1.48±0.02 | 1.46±0.01 | 1.42±0.06 | 1.43±0.08 | 1.46±0.03 | 0.887 |
| 蛋黄颜色 YC | 6.64±0.38 | 6.96±0.28 | 6.32±0.23 | 6.72±0.24 | 6.46±0.18 | 6.86±0.97 | 0.678 |
| 蛋白高度 AH/mm | 14.16±0.55 | 14.87±0.11 | 15.02±0.22 | 14.64±0.15 | 14.04±0.41 | 14.31±0.18 | 0.197 |
| 哈氏单位 HU | 110.71±2.61b | 113.86±0.79ab | 115.75±0.43a | 116.04±0.29a | 113.70±0.47ab | 113.80±0.61ab | 0.049 |
| 蛋壳厚度 ET/mm | 0.52±0.03b | 0.56±0.01b | 0.58±0.01ab | 0.60±0.02a | 0.58±0.01ab | 0.54±0.02b | 0.018 |
| 蛋黄比率 YR/% | 45.29±1.61 | 42.41±1.39 | 45.76±1.99 | 43.10±0.58 | 45.27±1.18 | 42.68±2.23 | 0.495 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅血清激素含量的影响
表3 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅血清激素含量的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary arginine level on serum hormone contents of Wulong geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮精氨酸水平 Dietary arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.72(对照组 Control group) | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | ||
| 胰岛素 INS/(mU/L) | 9.41±0.71c | 13.32±1.33ab | 12.39±2.24abc | 14.87±0.48a | 10.82±0.94bc | 10.00±0.61bc | 0.030 |
| 促黄体生成素 LH/(mIU/mL) | 23.37±0.46 | 24.06±0.95 | 24.25±0.50 | 24.31±1.47 | 26.72±0.63 | 26.43±1.24 | 0.102 |
| 促卵泡素 FSH/(mIU/mL) | 14.85±0.23 | 14.99±0.76 | 16.55±0.46 | 17.14±0.61 | 16.62±0.52 | 15.68±0.85 | 0.066 |
| 孕酮 P4/(ng/mL) | 7.74±0.27b | 7.72±0.29b | 8.27±0.22ab | 8.94±0.25a | 8.52±0.33ab | 7.85±0.30b | 0.025 |
2.3 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅血清细胞因子含量的影响
表4 饲粮精氨酸水平对产蛋期五龙鹅血清细胞因子含量的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary arginine level on serum cytokine contents of Wulong geese during laying periodpg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮精氨酸水平 Dietary arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.72(对照组 Control group) | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | ||
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 282.40±15.86a | 264.11±16.35ab | 225.01±4.68b | 229.98±13.93b | 275.49±14.68a | 275.83±5.66a | 0.011 |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2 | 127.10±10.25 | 119.09±6.69 | 115.64±9.50 | 120.27±7.69 | 112.14±6.22 | 132.44±5.52 | 0.491 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 55.33±2.18 | 49.37±5.09 | 49.91±3.86 | 47.65±4.18 | 51.66±2.89 | 49.47±2.22 | 0.732 |
| 白细胞介素-4 IL-4 | 218.06±19.65c | 318.86±36.35abc | 384.18±56.15a | 382.05±19.55a | 342.55±34.30ab | 245.15±36.89bc | 0.012 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | 113.24±10.70 | 118.99±15.26 | 133.01±10.77 | 146.20±12.34 | 141.95±8.34 | 136.20±8.81 | 0.289 |

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