1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 51.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 13.16 | ||
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 5.00 | ||
| 米糠粕Rice bran meal | 8.00 | ||
| 面粉Flour | 10.00 | ||
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 5.00 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.50 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 | ||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl (70%) | 0.48 | ||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (98%) | 0.12 | ||
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 3.44 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.29 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.00 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.65 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.31 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.85 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.36 | ||
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.60 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.14 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 5 000 IU,VB1 2 mg,VB2 15 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VD3 800 IU,VE 20 IU,VK 30.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 60 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 60 mg,胆碱 choline 1 500 mg,抗氧化剂 antioxidant 100 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 50 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 60 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.40 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.20 mg。 2)色氨酸为实测值,其他营养水平均为计算值。Trp was a measured value, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 血清生化和抗氧化指标
1.5 数据统计和分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary Thr level on growth performance of Youxian partridge ducks |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary Trp level/% | 二次曲线 P值 Quadratic P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| 始重 Initial weight/g | 794.09 ±11.26 | 785.00 ±12.80 | 799.24 ±13.71 | 785.00 ±10.61 | 787.58 ±10.52 | 789.85 ±11.04 | 0.818 | |||||||
| 末重 Final weight/g | 1 151.35 ±41.79c | 1 209.39 ±22.37b | 1 252.12 ±28.88a | 1 245.45 ±38.32a | 1 206.79 ±16.79b | 1 179.32 ±28.50bc | <0.001 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 119.87 ±3.13 | 122.01 ±2.28 | 121.92 ±2.29 | 120.33 ±3.60 | 120.73 ±2.88 | 120.93 ±5.65 | 0.559 | |||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 7.94 ±1.05c | 9.43 ±0.69ab | 10.06 ±0.77a | 10.23 ±0.87a | 9.32 ±0.51ab | 8.65 ±0.68bc | <0.001 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 15.31 ±1.93a | 12.98 ±0.73b | 12.17 ±0.90c | 11.76 ±1.24c | 12.95 ±0.99b | 14.04 ±1.23ab | <0.001 | |||||||
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭血清生化指标的影响
表3 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary Thr level on serum biochemical indices of Youxian partridge ducks |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary Trp level/% | 二次曲线 P值 Quadratic P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 43.92±4.18 | 42.13±5.63 | 43.43±3.12 | 44.03±5.87 | 47.57±2.75 | 46.57±6.26 | 0.483 | |||||||
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 16.37±1.92 | 16.17±1.82 | 16.75±0.99 | 17.03±2.32 | 17.43±1.07 | 18.13±2.46 | 0.668 | |||||||
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 27.55±2.73 | 25.97±3.89 | 26.68±2.26 | 27.00±3.74 | 28.88±1.86 | 28.43±4.21 | 0.437 | |||||||
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 35.67±9.97 | 30.67±13.71 | 31.17±12.22 | 33.50±9.94 | 35.50±9.54 | 33.83±15.35 | 0.687 | |||||||
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 2.55±0.75 | 2.78±0.80 | 2.77±0.74 | 2.93±0.90 | 2.60±0.96 | 2.28±1.16 | 0.615 | |||||||
| 碱性磷酸酶 AKP/(U/L) | 271.33±51.84 | 295.50±72.43 | 265.17±62.44 | 302.00±45.97 | 287.00±94.07 | 268.67±81.46 | 0.494 | |||||||
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 0.73±0.08 | 0.63±0.10 | 0.80±0.18 | 0.73±0.16 | 0.63±0.13 | 0.72±0.19 | 0.569 | |||||||
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 292.00±67.79a | 290.67±24.58a | 204.83±38.67b | 203.83±39.99b | 243.00±13.04ab | 271.67±40.79a | 0.036 | |||||||
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 3.43±1.24a | 2.52±0.44ab | 2.18±0.28b | 1.86±0.76b | 1.88±1.05b | 2.12±0.52b | 0.018 | |||||||
| 胆固醇 CHO/(mmol/L) | 4.70±1.01 | 4.20±0.93 | 3.99±0.68 | 4.27±0.81 | 4.53±0.61 | 4.91±0.45 | 0.031 | |||||||
| 高密度脂蛋白 HDL/(mmol/L) | 2.30±1.01 | 2.17±0.72 | 2.36±0.59 | 2.47±0.50 | 2.09±0.74 | 2.34±0.76 | 0.986 | |||||||
| 低密度脂蛋白 LDL/(mmol/L) | 2.08±0.48 | 1.91±0.40 | 2.18±0.24 | 1.93±0.35 | 2.23±0.22 | 2.26±0.33 | 0.924 | |||||||
| 游离色氨酸 Free Trp/(pg/mL) | 166.65±13.27b | 182.09±22.19b | 235.95±23.20a | 269.80±34.37a | 269.86±35.30a | 274.95±38.82a | 0.082 | |||||||
2.3 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响
表4 饲粮色氨酸水平对攸县麻鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary Thr level on serum antioxidant indices of Youxian partridge ducks |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary Trp level/% | 二次曲线 P值 Quadratic P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 6.07±0.26a | 5.72±0.59ab | 5.30±0.66b | 5.22±0.57b | 5.32±0.35b | 5.24±0.42b | 0.055 | |||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.40±0.06 | 0.42±0.03 | 0.42±0.03 | 0.43±0.01 | 0.43±0.02 | 0.42±0.02 | 0.258 | |||||||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 3.51±0.34 | 3.66±0.53 | 3.40±0.45 | 3.42±0.46 | 3.75±0.23 | 3.50±0.27 | 0.500 | |||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 98.31±6.51 | 99.89±5.23 | 101.50±7.88 | 100.92±6.79 | 102.64±3.27 | 100.15±4.47 | 0.151 | |||||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 331.98±71.20a | 387.53±56.37ab | 405.42±58.83b | 407.62±44.46b | 418.51±61.48b | 408.37±33.29b | 0.015 | |||||||
| 谷胱甘肽 GSH/(μmol/L) | 19.97±3.74 | 22.22±2.47 | 20.64±4.45 | 21.53±3.82 | 21.17±3.16 | 21.90±2.66 | 0.837 | |||||||
2.4 6~12周龄攸县麻鸭色氨酸需要量估测
表5 6~12周龄攸县麻鸭色氨酸需要量估测Table 5 Estimated Trp requirement of Youxian partridge ducks during 6 to 12 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 回归模型 Regressive models | 回归系数 R2 | P值 P-value | 色氨酸需要量 Trp requirement/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 末重Final weight/g | y=-134 484x2+44 738x-2 473.8 | 0.945 1 | 0.003 | 0.166 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | y=-3 010.7x2+1 002.9x-73.365 | 0.963 1 | 0.001 | 0.166 |
| 料重比F/G | y=4 482.1x2-1 498.7x+137.15 | 0.972 3 | 0.001 | 0.167 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | y=116 079x2-39 008x+3 493.2 | 0.727 2 | 0.036 | 0.168 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | y=1 551.8x2-532.92x+47.613 | 0.984 6 | 0.038 | 0.172 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | y=-63 652x2+22 368x-1 546 | 0.951 3 | 0.045 | 0.175 |

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