1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 柠条Caragana korshinskii | 13.27 | ||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 13.27 | ||
| 稻草Rice straw | 6.12 | ||
| 玉米秸秆Corn stover | 5.10 | ||
| 羊草Chinese wildrye | 3.06 | ||
| 玉米Corn | 19.46 | ||
| 向日葵仁粕Sunflower seed meal | 14.23 | ||
| 葫芦籽粒Gourd seed granules | 5.10 | ||
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 4.56 | ||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 4.32 | ||
| 苹果渣Apple residue | 3.25 | ||
| 枣粉Jujube powder | 2.16 | ||
| 酵母发酵物Yeast fermentation product | 2.15 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.46 | ||
| 碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2 | 0.77 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.72 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 47.06 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 25.50 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 14.30 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.90 | ||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.50 | ||
| 钙Ca | 1.01 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.58 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:CuSO4 8 mg,KI 0.04 mg,FeSO4 25 mg,MnSO4 30 mg,ZnSO4 28 mg,CoSO4 0.1 mg,VA 3 200 IU,VD3 1 200 IU,VE 20 IU。 2)消化能为计算值,依据各饲料原料的消化能和其在饲粮中的比例进行计算,其他营养物质含量均为实测值。DE was a calculated value based on each feed ingredient DE and its proportion in the diet, while the contents of other nutrients were measured values. |
1.2 样品采集与处理
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 屠宰性能测定
1.3.2 羊肉品质测定
1.3.3 瘤胃菌群结构分析
1.4 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊屠宰性能的影响
表2 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊屠宰性能的影响Table 2 Effects of wheat oligopeptides on slaughter performance of small-tailed Han sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg | 44.98 | 45.53 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight/kg | 20.77 | 20.87 | 0.23 | 0.84 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 45.84 | 46.18 | 0.01 | 0.73 |
| 背膘厚度Backfat thickness/mm | 6.16b | 7.72a | 0.27 | <0.01 |
| 眼肌面积Loin eye area/cm2 | 25.15 | 26.89 | 1.42 | 0.58 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响
表3 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响Table 3 Effects of wheat oligopeptides on meat quality of small-tailed Han sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 亮度L* | 33.05 | 30.68 | 0.75 | 0.12 |
| 红度a* | 33.11 | 33.45 | 0.42 | 0.70 |
| 黄度b* | 1.44b | 3.03a | 0.27 | <0.01 |
| pH45 min | 5.95 | 6.16 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
| pH24 h | 5.68 | 5.55 | 0.05 | 0.17 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 106.29a | 77.97b | 6.79 | 0.04 |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 42.04 | 40.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| 失水率Water loss rate/% | 7.49a | 4.65b | 0.01 | 0.03 |
2.3 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群结构的影响
2.3.1 操作分类单元(OTU)维恩(Venn)图
2.3.2 alpha多样性分析
表4 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群alpha多样性的影响Table 4 Effects of wheat oligopeptides on rumen microflora alpha diversity of small-tailed Han sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ace指数Ace index | 1 591.72 | 1 572.90 | 29.24 | 0.78 |
| Chao指数Chao index | 1 560.89 | 1 536.51 | 27.24 | 0.69 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 7.68 | 7.56 | 0.11 | 0.59 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.01 | 0.70 |
| Coverage指数Coverage index/% | 99.56 | 99.59 | 0.02 | 0.47 |
2.3.3 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群组成的影响
表5 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊瘤胃主要菌门相对丰度的影响Table 5 Effects of wheat oligopeptides on relative abundances of major bacterial phyla in rumen of small-tailed Han sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes | 56.63 | 61.19 | 1.26 | 0.08 |
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 38.40 | 34.11 | 1.28 | 0.11 |
| 螺旋体门Spirochaetes | 1.04 | 1.18 | 0.12 | 0.62 |
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.18 |
| 软壁菌门Tenericutes | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.04 | 0.15 |
| 纤维杆菌门Fibrobacteres | 0.41 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.61 |
| 圣诞岛盐菌门Kiritimatiellaeota | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| Patescibacteria | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 0.62 |
| 互养菌门Synergistetes | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.52 |
| 蓝菌门Cyanobacteria | 0.27a | 0.12b | 0.03 | 0.01 |
表6 小麦低聚肽对小尾寒羊瘤胃主要菌属相对丰度的影响Table 6 Effects of wheat oligopeptides on relative abundances of major bacterial genera in rumen of small-tailed Han sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 理研菌科RC9肠道群Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group | 15.54 | 14.03 | 1.06 | 0.52 |
| 普雷沃氏菌属1 Prevotella 1 | 11.05 | 11.38 | 0.68 | 0.83 |
| 瘤胃球菌科UCG-011 Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 | 3.11 | 2.69 | 0.30 | 0.53 |
| 普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003 Prevotellaceae UCG-003 | 2.92 | 2.86 | 0.17 | 0.88 |
| 丁酸弧菌属2 Butyrivibrio 2 | 2.74 | 2.25 | 0.14 | 0.10 |
| 糖酵菌属Saccharofermentans | 2.47 | 2.28 | 0.18 | 0.63 |
| 毛螺菌科XPB1014群Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group | 2.68 | 1.88 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
| 解琥珀酸菌属Succiniclasticum | 1.76 | 2.81 | 0.33 | 0.15 |

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