1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 59.80 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 25.10 |
| 稻壳Rice hull | 7.50 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 4.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.80 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.30 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.10 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.65 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.58 |
| 粗纤维CF | 6.72 |
| 钙Ca | 0.80 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.43 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.84 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.55 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 1 500 IU,VD3 200 IU,VE 10 IU,VK 1.5 mg,VB1 2.5 mg,VB2 5.0 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 65 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 11.0 mg,Fe 90 mg,Mn 75 mg,Cu 5 mg,Zn 60 mg,I 0.3 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 2)粗蛋白质和钙为实测值,其余为计算值。CP and Ca were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3 检测指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 抗氧化能力
1.3.3 肝脏和肾脏抗氧化相关基因表达
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物长度 Product length/bp | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 超氧化物歧化酶1 SOD1 | F:ATCCTGAGGGCAAGAAGCA R:TTTACCCAGGTCATCGCTTT | 188 | XM_013192917.1 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶2 SOD2 | F:CTTCCTGACCTGCCGTATGA R:CCTTTTGCCAGTGCCTCTTT | 146 | XM_013186750.1 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 GSH-Px4 | F:TTACGCATCCTGGGCTTTC R:GCTGCTCCTTCATCCACTTC | 169 | XM_013200057.1 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT | F:TGTAGAGGAAGCAGGAAGGC R:AAGACCAGGATGGGTAGTTGC | 98 | XM_013194546.1 |
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | F:CCATTGGCAATGAGAGGTTC R:TGGATACCGCAGGACTCCATA | 144 | XM_013174886.1 |
1.4 数据的统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮添加GSPs对四川白鹅生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮添加GSPs对四川白鹅生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary GSPs on growth performance of Sichuan White geese |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | GSPs添加水平 GSPs supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||
| 25/50 | 50/100 | 75/150 | |||||||
| 21日龄平均体重 Average BW at 21 days of age/g | 1 050.83 | 1 016.67 | 1 075.83 | 1 120.00 | 16.57 | 0.147 | 0.068 | 0.204 | |
| 42日龄平均体重 Average BW at 42 days of age/g | 2 285.00 | 2 284.58 | 2 384.17 | 2 282.50 | 25.00 | 0.440 | 0.691 | 0.341 | |
| 63日龄平均体重 Average BW at 63 days of age/g | 3 543.33 | 3 591.11 | 3 415.56 | 3 511.11 | 36.52 | 0.424 | 0.426 | 0.751 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 59.62 | 59.44 | 58.80 | 57.60 | 1.11 | 0.946 | 0.389 | 0.071 | |
| 21~42日龄 21 to 42 days of age | 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 179.02 | 190.58 | 190.44 | 186.74 | 2.60 | 0.345 | 0.373 | 0.048 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.00 | 3.42 | 3.24 | 3.29 | 0.11 | 0.638 | 0.528 | 0.442 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 33.69 | 25.96 | 26.16 | 22.28 | 3.74 | 0.800 | 0.384 | 0.822 | |
| 43~63日龄 43 to 63 days of age | 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 239.68 | 234.21 | 290.14 | 280.63 | 9.95 | 0.079 | 0.034 | 0.900 |
| 料重比F/G | 11.29 | 10.26 | 12.27 | 14.42 | 1.83 | 0.905 | 0.556 | 0.711 | |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significantly different (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean not significantly different (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮添加GSPs对42日龄四川白鹅抗氧化能力的影响
表4 饲粮添加GSPs对42日龄四川白鹅抗氧化能力的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary GSPs on antioxidant capacity of Sichuan White geese at 42 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | GSPs添加水平 GSPs supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||
| 25 | 50 | 75 | |||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 2.86c | 3.57a | 3.55a | 3.16b | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.022 | <0.001 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 7.68b | 4.43c | 12.04a | 5.32c | 0.93 | <0.001 | 0.085 | 0.024 | |
| 血清 Serum | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 73.36b | 77.43a | 76.96a | 77.77a | 0.65 | 0.027 | 0.013 | 0.106 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 22.32b | 26.46a | 21.87b | 24.05ab | 0.65 | 0.019 | 0.875 | 0.282 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 7.82a | 7.42b | 7.35c | 6.60d | 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 3.51b | 3.27c | 2.98d | 4.44a | 0.16 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) | 20.71a | 9.38c | 15.05b | 21.25a | 1.51 | <0.001 | 0.113 | <0.001 | |
| 肝脏 Liver | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 56.93b | 49.06c | 57.05b | 69.80a | 2.28 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 24.37b | 27.53ab | 24.88b | 29.53a | 0.74 | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.447 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 8.34a | 8.02b | 7.22c | 8.10b | 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 2.81c | 4.36a | 3.50b | 3.63b | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) | 13.58c | 14.26c | 22.44b | 28.40a | 1.87 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | |
| 肾脏 Kidney | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 48.01c | 58.75b | 66.51a | 68.34a | 2.46 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 26.63a | 25.32ab | 26.34a | 22.63b | 0.60 | 0.041 | 0.022 | 0.203 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 9.62a | 9.61a | 9.59a | 8.15b | 0.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2.3 饲粮添加GSPs对63日龄四川白鹅抗氧化能力的影响
表5 饲粮添加GSPs对63日龄四川白鹅抗氧化能力的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary GSPs on antioxidant capacity of Sichuan White geese at 63 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | GSPs添加水平 GSPs supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||
| 50 | 100 | 150 | |||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 2.48b | 3.38a | 3.49a | 3.29a | 0.12 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 3.96bc | 11.00a | 5.00b | 1.91c | 1.06 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| 血清 Serum | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 68.58c | 62.13d | 73.78b | 81.71a | 2.20 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 21.47b | 25.08a | 25.72a | 25.44a | 0.66 | 0.041 | 0.018 | 0.074 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 8.13a | 6.73c | 7.60b | 5.93d | 0.25 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 2.43c | 3.04a | 3.02a | 2.68b | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.005 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) | 19.71b | 26.76a | 25.35a | 24.86a | 0.88 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.062 | |
| 肝脏 Liver | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 41.22b | 43.24ab | 45.51a | 47.16a | 0.85 | 0.037 | 0.006 | 0.879 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 27.41a | 25.08ab | 23.18b | 23.90b | 0.59 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.091 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 10.15a | 10.20a | 9.85b | 9.72b | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.060 | <0.001 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 2.66c | 2.54c | 3.33b | 3.76a | 0.15 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) | 13.79b | 22.00a | 20.35a | 15.73b | 0.75 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
| 肾脏 Kidney | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 63.84b | 66.92a | 56.68d | 60.83c | 1.21 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.577 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 29.43a | 29.71a | 29.26a | 26.38b | 0.48 | 0.016 | 0.008 | 0.032 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 9.79a | 8.15c | 8.02c | 8.65b | 0.21 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2.4 饲粮添加GSPs对四川白鹅肝脏抗氧化相关基因表达的影响
图1 饲粮添加GSPs对四川白鹅肝脏抗氧化相关基因表达的影响数据柱标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。图2同。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary GSPs on antioxidant-related gene expression in liver of Sichuan White geese Value columns with different letter superscripts mean significantly different (P<0.05), while with the same letter superscripts mean not significantly different (P>0.05). The same as Fig.2. |

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