1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | |
| 原料Ingredients/% | ||||
| 精料补充料Concentrate supplement | 32.60 | 32.60 | 32.60 | 32.60 |
| 木薯渣Cassava residue | 32.40 | 32.40 | 32.40 | 32.40 |
| 麦芽渣Malt residue | 16.50 | 16.50 | 16.50 | 16.50 |
| 象草Elephant grass | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | ||||
| 泌乳净能NEL/(MJ/kg) | 12.32 | 12.32 | 12.32 | 12.32 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 14.90 | 14.90 | 14.90 | 14.90 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% | 28.70 | 28.70 | 28.70 | 28.70 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% | 16.20 | 16.20 | 16.20 | 16.20 |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
| 钙磷比Ca to P ratio | 2.60 | 2.00 | 1.63 | 1.37 |
表2 精料补充料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the concentrate supplement (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 16.50 | 16.50 | 16.50 | 16.50 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| 磷酸氢二钠Na2HPO4 | 0.80 | 1.60 | 2.50 | |
| 预混料Premix | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 麦饭石Medical stone | 2.50 | 1.70 | 0.90 | 0.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | ||||
| 泌乳净能NEL/(MJ/kg) | 27.33 | 27.33 | 27.33 | 27.33 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/(g/kg) | 17.20 | 17.20 | 17.20 | 17.20 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 15.60 | 15.60 | 15.60 | 15.60 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.51 |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 0.49 | 0.72 | 0.96 | 1.21 |
每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 500 000 IU,VD 150 000 IU,VE 3 000 IU,Fe 4 g,Cu 13 g,Mn 3 g,Zn 6 g,I 80 mg,Se 50 mg,Co 80 mg。 |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 样品采集及处理
1.3.1 奶样采集
1.3.2 血样采集
1.3.3 消化代谢试验
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 饲粮、粪和尿中常规养分含量
1.4.2 产奶量和乳成分测定
1.4.3 血液矿物质元素含量、血清生化指标和相关酶活性测定
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛产奶量和乳成分的影响
表3 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛产奶量和乳成分的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary P levels on milk yield and milk composition of lactating buffaloes |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | ||
| 日均产奶量 Average daily milk yield/(kg/d) | 7.77±2.34 | 7.74±2.21 | 8.59±2.21 | 8.13±1.73 | 0.063 |
| 4%标准乳产量4% FCM yield/(kg/d) | 12.29±3.01 | 13.53±1.21 | 13.16±2.30 | 12.63±2.18 | 0.073 |
| 乳蛋白率Milk protein rate/% | 4.41±0.50 | 4.72±0.43 | 4.09±0.24 | 4.16±0.13 | 0.052 |
| 乳脂率Milk fat rate/% | 7.98±1.45 | 9.01±2.16 | 7.66±1.86 | 7.68±2.01 | 0.065 |
| 乳非脂固形物率Milk not-fat solid rate/% | 10.12±0.67 | 10.64±0.24 | 10.07±0.34 | 10.19±1.34 | 0.054 |
| 乳钙Milk Ca/(g/kg) | 2.16±0.20 | 2.25±0.18 | 2.22±0.10 | 2.03±0.21 | 0.051 |
| 乳磷Milk P/(g/kg) | 1.15±0.68 | 1.21±0.25 | 1.22±0.30 | 1.26±0.21 | 0.052 |
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛磷消化代谢的影响
表4 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛磷消化代谢的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary P levels on P digestion and metabolism of lactating buffaloes g/d |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | ||
| 食入磷P intake | 32.57±0.19d | 42.34±0.07c | 52.11±0.12b | 61.88±0.13a | 0.006 |
| 粪磷Fecal P | 30.03±0.81b | 32.73±2.54b | 32.21±2.75b | 42.87±0.22a | 0.009 |
| 尿磷Urine P | 1.16±0.44 | 1.19±0.12 | 1.55±0.24 | 1.62±0.07 | 0.051 |
| 乳磷Milk P | 9.33±1.60 | 11.18±2.52 | 11.95±1.80 | 11.32±0.07 | 0.054 |
| 总排泄磷Total P excretion | 31.20±0.40b | 33.93±2.51b | 33.77±2.93b | 44.50±0.14a | 0.008 |
| 可利用磷Available P | 1.37±0.40c | 8.41±2.51b | 18.34±2.93a | 17.37±0.14a | 0.009 |
2.3 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛营养物质表观消化率的影响
表5 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary P levels on nutrient apparent digestibility of lactating buffaloes % |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 68.98±2.94 | 71.24±2.67 | 73.40±1.02 | 70.23±0.84 | 0.072 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 52.69±0.82b | 53.18±0.90b | 55.31±0.75a | 53.28±1.17b | 0.046 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 33.53±2.22 | 33.48±2.07 | 34.18±1.94 | 33.15±2.75 | 0.068 |
| 钙Ca | 37.41±3.37 | 43.81±8.26 | 45.69±6.15 | 40.63±3.70 | 0.071 |
| 磷P | 7.77±2.50c | 22.68±5.99b | 38.18±5.27a | 30.78±0.35a | 0.008 |
2.4 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛磷利用的影响
表6 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛磷利用的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary P levels on P utilization of lactating buffaloes % |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | ||
| 粪磷占食入磷比例 Fecal P to P intake ratio | 92.23±2.50c | 77.32±6.00a | 61.82±5.27b | 69.29±0.04b | 0.008 |
| 粪磷占总排泄磷比例 Fecal P to total P excretion ratio | 96.28±1.45 | 96.48±0.50 | 95.42±0.50 | 96.34±0.82 | 0.058 |
| 尿磷占食入磷比例 Urine P to P intake ratio | 3.56±0.13 | 2.80±0.29 | 2.98±0.47 | 2.63±0.12 | 0.058 |
| 尿磷占总排泄磷比例 Urine P to total P excretion ratio | 3.72±1.45 | 3.52±0.50 | 4.58±0.50 | 3.66±0.18 | 0.059 |
| 乳磷占食入磷比例 Milk P to P intake ratio | 28.63±4.92a | 26.40±5.96a | 22.94±3.45a | 18.31±1.12b | 0.034 |
| 乳磷占总排泄磷比例 Milk P to total P excretion ratio | 22.23±3.30 | 24.78±5.57 | 26.22±4.50 | 20.29±4.08 | 0.062 |
2.5 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛血液矿物质元素含量、血清生化指标和相关酶活性的影响
表7 饲粮磷水平对泌乳水牛血液矿物质元素含量、血清生化指标和相关酶活性的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary P levels on blood mineral element contents, serum biochemical indices and related enzyme activities of lactating buffaloes |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮磷水平Dietary P levels/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.57 | ||
| 血清Serum | |||||
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 115.25±5.49a | 112.00±23.87a | 104.88±13.95b | 91.86±6.26c | 0.038 |
| 骨钙素OC/(ng/mL) | 0.78±0.62 | 0.79±0.71 | 0.84±0.60 | 1.00±0.56 | 0.052 |
| 降钙素CT/(pg/mL) | 320.84±70.48 | 345.79±20.63 | 363.10±58.45 | 405.58±93.24 | 0.073 |
| 甲状旁腺激素PTH/(ng/dL) | 64.72±8.00 | 65.31±5.48 | 70.74±3.60 | 60.53±11.59 | 0.063 |
| 醛固酮ALD/(pg/mL) | 12.15±1.71 | 12.95±1.10 | 15.04±1.84 | 14.23±1.28 | 0.056 |
| 1,25-二羟基维生素D3 1,25-(OH)2D3/(nmol/L) | 18.51±3.73 | 24.61±5.97 | 25.25±3.99 | 21.58±3.73 | 0.053 |
| 血液Blood | |||||
| 磷P/(mmol/L) | 2.08±0.15b | 2.15±0.15b | 2.26±0.15a | 2.37±0.23a | 0.009 |
| 钙Ca/(mmol/L) | 1.71±0.45 | 1.69±0.18 | 1.83±0.18 | 1.95±0.49 | 0.058 |
| 镁Mg/(mmol/L) | 1.08±0.16 | 1.10±0.19 | 1.11±0.17 | 1.06±0.15 | 0.056 |
| 铜Cu/(nmol/L) | 14.75±1.82 | 14.87±2.51 | 15.11±3.52 | 14.63±2.58 | 0.052 |
| 铁Fe/(nmol/L) | 8.36±1.13 | 8.80±1.04 | 8.58±0.58 | 8.43±0.84 | 0.051 |
| 锌Zn/(nmol/L) | 61.04±20.59 | 51.67±5.51 | 50.95±10.65 | 58.57±15.29 | 0.059 |

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