1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 指示菌株和参考菌株
1.1.2 细胞系
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 样品采集
1.2.2 乳酸菌的分离纯化
1.2.3 乳酸菌鉴定
1.2.4 乳酸菌的益生特性研究
1.2.4.1 抗生素敏感性试验
表1 试验用抗生素的种类、药敏纸片含药量及抑菌圈直径判定标准Table 1 Types of antibiotics used in the test, content of drug sensitive paper and determination standard of inhibition circle diameter |
| 项目 Items | 药敏纸片含药量 Drug content of drug sensitive paper/(μg/片) | 抑菌圈直径判定标准 Determination standard of inhibition circle diameter/mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 敏感 Sensitivity (S) | 中度敏感 Moderate sensitivity (I) | 耐药 Resistant (R) | ||
| 阿莫西林Amoxicillin | 20 | ≥21 | 19~20 | ≤18 |
| 青霉素G Penicillin G | 10 | ≥28 | 20~27 | ≤19 |
| 庆大霉素Gentamicin | 10 | ≥13 | ≤12 | |
| 头孢噻吩Cephalothin | 30 | ≥18 | 15~17 | ≤14 |
| 诺氟沙星Norfloxacin | 10 | ≥19 | 14~18 | ≤13 |
| 头孢噻肟Cefotaxime | 30 | ≥23 | 15~22 | ≤14 |
| 卡那霉素Kanamycin | 30 | ≥18 | 14~17 | ≤13 |
| 万古霉素Vancomycin | 30 | ≥17 | 15~16 | ≤14 |
| 氨苄西林Ampicillin | 10 | ≥16 | 13~15 | ≤12 |
1.2.4.2 对主要肠道致病菌的抑制试验
1.2.4.3 耐模拟胃液、肠液能力试验
1.2.4.4 黏附试验
1.2.5 肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的HT-29细胞白细胞介素-8(IL-8)基因相对表达量的测定
表2 qRT-PCR引物序列Table 2 Primer sequence of qRT-PCR |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp | GenBank序列号 GenBank accession number |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白β-actin | F:TTGTTACAGGAAGTCCCTTGCC R:ATGCTATCACCTCCCCTGTGTG | 101 | NM_001101.5 |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8 | F:GAATGGGTTTGCTAGAATGTGATA R:CAGACTAGGGTTGCCAGATTTAAC | 129 | NM_001354840.3 |
1.2.6 自聚集能力和表面疏水性测定
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 乳酸菌的分离和鉴定
2.1.1 乳酸菌的分离
表3 昆明犬粪便分离出的菌株编号Table 3 Strain number isolated from Kunming dog feces |
| 犬编号Dog number | 菌株编号Strain number |
|---|---|
| 8053807 | MKLQ3807-2、MKLQ3807-13、MKLQ3807-20、MKLQ3807-33、MKLQ3807-35 |
| 8054704 | MKLQ4704-19、MKLQ4704-25、MKLQ4704-27、MKLQ4704-30、MKLQ4704-42、MKLQ4704-49 |
| 8051884 | MKCH1884-11、MKCH1884-14、MKCH1884-21、MKCH1884-30、MKCH1884-40、MKCH1884-43、 MKCH1884-50、MKCH1884-59、MKCH1884-65、MKCH1884-82 |
2.1.2 乳酸菌16S rRNA序列分析
表4 乳酸菌16S rRNA序列同源性比对分析Table 4 Homology comparison analysis of 16S rRNA sequence in lactic acid bacteria |
| 菌株编号 Strain number | 菌名 Strain name | 拉丁文名 Latin name | 覆盖率 Coverage/% | 同源性 Homology/% | 登录号 Accession No. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MKLQ3807-2 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | MT510521.1 | |
| MKLQ3807-13 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | MT658629.1 | |
| MKLQ3807-20 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | MT463438.1 | |
| MKLQ3807-33 | 阴道黏液乳杆菌 | Limosilactobacillus vaginalis | 97 | 100.00 | ON974800.1 | |
| MKLQ3807-35 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | ON974794.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-19 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | ON974361.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-25 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | ON974361.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-27 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | CP041676.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-30 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 100.00 | MT658629.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-42 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | MT510521.1 | |
| MKLQ4704-49 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | ON974794.1 | |
| MKCH1884-11 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | MT510521.1 | |
| MKCH1884-14 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | ON974361.1 | |
| MKCH1884-21 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | ON974794.1 | |
| MKCH1884-30 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.86 | MT510521.1 | |
| MKCH1884-40 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | MT658629.1 | |
| MKCH1884-43 | 格氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus gasseri | 99 | 99.93 | KM056281.1 | |
| MKCH1884-50 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | MT658629.1 | |
| MKCH1884-59 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 99 | 99.93 | ON974361.1 | |
| MKCH1884-65 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.93 | MW674532.1 | |
| MKCH1884-82 | 罗伊氏乳杆菌 | Lactobacillus reuteri | 98 | 99.86 | ON974794.1 | |
2.2 乳酸菌的益生特性研究
2.2.1 乳酸菌的抗生素敏感性
表5 乳酸菌对抗生素的抑菌圈直径Table 5 Inhibition zone diameter of antibiotic against lactic acid bacteriamm |
| 菌株 Strains | 阿莫西林 Amoxicillin | 青霉素G Penicillin G | 庆大霉素 Gentamicin | 头孢噻吩 Cephalothin | 诺氟沙星 Norfloxacin | 头孢噻肟 Cefotaxime | 卡那霉素 Kanamycin | 万古霉素 Vancomycin | 氨苄西林 Ampicillin | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MKLQ3807-2 | 26.73±0.31 (S) | 25.64±2.57 (I) | 9.49±0.46 (R) | 23.39±1.65 (S) | - (R) | 26.91±0.98 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 20.11±2.25 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ3807-13 | 27.86±0.75 (S) | 33.02±1.32 (S) | 13.70±0.98 (S) | 27.08±0.80 (S) | - (R) | 25.86±1.40 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 22.91±0.80 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ3807-20 | 24.48±1.09 (S) | 23.35±0.55 (I) | 8.60±0.70 (R) | 21.08±1.85 (S) | - (R) | 26.16±2.74 (S) | - (R) | 11.00±1.42 (R) | 17.33±8.49 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ3807-33 | 24.43±0.07 (S) | 25.58±1.75 (I) | 7.72±0.65 (R) | 24.49±1.74 (S) | - (R) | 25.05±1.47 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 20.68±1.89 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ3807-35 | 27.29±0.89 (S) | 36.09±1.03 (S) | 11.50±0.56 (R) | 28.06±1.07 (S) | - (R) | 25.13±4.27 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 23.65±1.75 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-19 | 26.92±1.54 (S) | 36.29±0.13 (S) | 15.99±0.51 (S) | 30.46±0.86 (S) | 5.69±2.68 (R) | 26.96±1.73 (S) | 3.66±5.17 (R) | 7.49±0.27 (R) | 23.28±1.24 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-25 | 22.60±1.90 (S) | 26.95±2.03 (I) | - (R) | 27.82±2.67 (S) | - (R) | 28.35±2.20 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 21.47±4.80 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-27 | 26.63±2.32 (S) | 37.40±0.45 (S) | 11.13±6.65 (R) | 30.94±0.42 (S) | - (R) | 25.64±2.77 (S) | 6.98±9.87 (R) | - (R) | 23.39±1.66 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-30 | 29.30±1.04 (S) | 35.95±5.96 (S) | 3.39±4.79 (R) | 29.68±7.37 (S) | - (R) | 26.59±5.97 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 22.69±2.56 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-42 | 24.37±1.57 (S) | 24.12±3.83 (I) | 8.05±0.49 (R) | 20.66±2.49 (S) | - (R) | 21.70±1.32 (I) | - (R) | - (R) | 19.65±0.74 (S) | ||||||||
| MKLQ4704-49 | 26.71±2.49 (S) | 35.96±2.28 (S) | 7.53±0.06 (R) | 29.95±0.70 (S) | 7.44±0.71 (R) | 28.64±4.97 (S) | 6.65±0.19 (R) | 3.22±4.55 (R) | 25.39±3.08 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-11 | 23.85±7.15 (S) | 30.27±1.56 (S) | - (R) | 27.63±2.31 (S) | - (R) | 26.55±1.02 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 15.94±5.60 (I) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-14 | 28.84±0.89 (S) | 30.11±3.65 (S) | - (R) | 25.55±5.15 (S) | - (R) | 22.57±3.95 (I) | - (R) | - (R) | 21.18±7.52 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-21 | 24.62±0.62 (S) | 25.32±2.28 (I) | 8.25±0.94 (R) | 25.78±1.85 (S) | - (R) | 28.43±1.99 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 21.40±1.16 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-30 | 26.81±1.45 (S) | 31.69±1.44 (S) | 13.05±0.90 (S) | 26.47±1.75 (S) | - (R) | 31.03±0.55 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 19.49±1.23 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-40 | 28.30±1.62 (S) | 29.26±2.80 (S) | 10.06±0.49 (R) | 22.65±4.08 (S) | - (R) | 22.63±3.80 (I) | - (R) | -- (R) | 22.25±1.01 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-43 | 22.72±1.92 (S) | 20.63±1.11 (I) | 7.62±0.23 (R) | 20.18±3.01 (S) | - (R) | 23.68±0.39 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 19.18±0.36 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-50 | 24.09±1.73 (S) | 22.50±1.89 (I) | 8.10±0.41 (R) | 20.07±6.43 (S) | - (R) | 25.38±2.00 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 21.34±1.60 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-59 | 27.26±1.64 (S) | 25.21±2.04 (I) | 8.48±0.59 (R) | 25.28±2.71 (S) | - (R) | 22.78±6.32 (I) | - (R) | - (R) | 24.40±1.50 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-65 | 23.12±0.25 (S) | 23.05±3.44 (I) | 7.73±0.59 (R) | 25.05±0.25 (S) | 2.33±4.03 (R) | 27.33±1.78 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 21.34±4.08 (S) | ||||||||
| MKCH1884-82 | 25.41±1.64 (S) | 24.61±1.28 (I) | 8.62±0.39 (R) | 25.31±0.61 (S) | - (R) | 28.46±0.58 (S) | - (R) | - (R) | 32.29±2.90 (S) | ||||||||
S表示敏感,I表示中度敏感,R表示耐药,-表示无抑菌圈。 | |
S indicates sensitivity, I indicates moderate sensitivity, R indicates resistance, - indicates no inhibition zone. |
2.2.2 乳酸菌对肠道主要致病菌的抑菌性能
表6 乳酸菌对3种指示菌的抑菌性能Table 6 Bacteriostatic performance of lactic acid bacteria against three indicator bacteria |
| 菌株 Strains | 指示菌Indicator bacteria | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 福氏志贺氏菌 Shigella flexneri | 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 Salmonella typhimurium | |
| 对照CON | - | - | - |
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌GG LGG | + | + | + |
| MKLQ3807-2 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ3807-13 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ3807-20 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ3807-33 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ3807-35 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-19 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-25 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-27 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-30 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-42 | + | + | + |
| MKLQ4704-49 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-11 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-14 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-21 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-30 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-40 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-43 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-50 | ++ | + | + |
| MKCH1884-59 | + | + | + |
| MKCH1884-65 | ++ | + | + |
| MKCH1884-82 | + | + | + |
“-”表示无抑菌作用;“+”表示抑菌圈直径5~10 mm;“++”表示抑菌圈直径11~17 mm。 | |
“-”indicates no bacteriostatic effect; “+” indicates that the diameter of antibacterial zone is 5 to 10 mm; “++” indicates that the diameter of antibacterial zone is 11 to 17 mm. |
2.2.3 乳酸菌胃肠道耐受性
表7 乳酸菌模拟胃液耐受性Table 7 Lactic acid bacteria simulate gastric fluid tolerance (n=3) |
| 菌株 Strains | 活菌数Viable count/[lg(CFU/mL)] | 存活率 Survival rate/% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 3 h | ||
| MKLQ3807-2 | 7.61±0.04 | 6.08±0.13 | 79.89 |
| MKLQ3807-13 | 7.43±0.06 | 6.51±0.03 | 87.62 |
| MKLQ3807-20 | 7.52±0.09 | 5.53±0.08 | 73.54 |
| MKLQ3807-33 | 7.33±0.02 | 7.26±0.12 | 99.05 |
| MKLQ3807-35 | 7.30±0.05 | 6.66±0.33 | 91.23 |
| MKLQ4704-19 | 7.53±0.14 | 7.50±0.06 | 99.60 |
| MKLQ4704-25 | 7.24±0.07 | 6.37±0.03 | 87.98 |
| MKLQ4704-27 | 7.66±0.11 | 5.79±0.03 | 75.59 |
| MKLQ4704-30 | 7.59±0.08 | 7.12±0.18 | 93.81 |
| MKLQ4704-42 | 7.51±0.07 | 6.34±0.08 | 84.42 |
| MKLQ4704-49 | 7.72±0.02 | 7.61±0.09 | 98.58 |
| MKCH1884-11 | 6.69±0.10 | 6.58±0.03 | 98.36 |
| MKCH1884-14 | 6.45±0.08 | 6.33±0.01 | 98.14 |
| MKCH1884-21 | 7.30±0.57 | 6.75±0.08 | 92.47 |
| MKCH1884-30 | 7.40±0.04 | 6.63±0.08 | 89.59 |
| MKCH1884-40 | 6.96±0.12 | 6.81±0.07 | 97.84 |
| MKCH1884-43 | 7.41±0.02 | 7.18±0.03 | 96.90 |
| MKCH1884-50 | 7.39±0.03 | 6.27±0.03 | 84.84 |
| MKCH1884-59 | 7.34±0.03 | 6.38±0.06 | 86.92 |
| MKCH1884-65 | 7.65±0.10 | 6.34±0.02 | 82.88 |
| MKCH1884-82 | 7.45±0.04 | 6.11±0.03 | 82.01 |
表8 乳酸菌模拟肠液耐受性Table 8 Lactic acid bacteria simulate intestinal fluid tolerance (n=3) |
| 菌株 Strains | 活菌数Viable count/[lg(CFU/mL)] | 存活率 Survival rate/% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 3 h | ||
| MKLQ3807-13 | 6.52±0.04 | 6.41±0.11 | 98.31 |
| MKLQ3807-33 | 6.88±0.10 | 6.84±0.07 | 99.42 |
| MKLQ3807-35 | 7.00±0.03 | 6.83±0.03 | 97.57 |
| MKLQ4704-19 | 6.12±0.04 | 5.95±0.02 | 97.22 |
| MKLQ4704-25 | 6.52±0.06 | 2.87±2.48 | 44.02 |
| MKLQ4704-30 | 6.48±0.04 | 6.43±0.04 | 99.23 |
| MKLQ4704-49 | 7.07±0.09 | 6.18±0.04 | 87.41 |
| MKCH1884-11 | 6.90±0.02 | 6.83±0.05 | 98.99 |
| MKCH1884-14 | 7.09±0.06 | 6.50±0.09 | 91.68 |
| MKCH1884-21 | 5.46±0.09 | 1.33±2.31 | 24.36 |
| MKCH1884-30 | 6.32±0.00 | 6.05±0.04 | 95.73 |
| MKCH1884-40 | 7.26±0.04 | 6.91±0.03 | 95.18 |
| MKCH1884-43 | 6.59±0.06 | 6.31±0.00 | 95.75 |
| MKCH1884-59 | 6.58±0.04 | 6.04±0.04 | 91.79 |
2.2.4 乳酸菌的肠道细胞黏附性
2.2.5 乳酸菌对TNF-α诱导的HT-29细胞IL-8基因相对表达量的影响
2.2.6 自聚集能力和表面疏水性
表9 菌株自聚集能力和表面疏水性Table 9 Self-aggregation ability and surface hydrophobicity of strains (n=3) % |
| 菌株Strains | 自聚集率Self-aggregation rate | 疏水率Hydrophobicity rate |
|---|---|---|
| MKLQ3807-13 | 62.23±5.07 | 54.00±1.10 |
| MKCH1884-43 | 48.02±1.68 | 49.41±0.82 |

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