1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 蛋壳质量常规测定
1.2.2 蛋壳超微结构观测
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 3种不同质地蛋壳质量性状的比较
表1 蛋壳质量性状测定结果Table 1 Results of eggshell quality traits |
| 性状指标 Character indices | 正常蛋 Normal egg | 沙壳蛋 Pimpled egg | 条纹蛋 Striped egg | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蛋形指数 ESI | 1.37±0.03 | 1.38±0.06 | 1.37±0.05 | 0.902 |
| 钙化壳厚度 CST/mm | 0.339±0.013 | 0.333±0.009 | 0.332±0.006 | 0.215 |
| 蛋壳强度 ESS/(kg/cm2) | 5.16±0.06A | 4.97±0.25B | 4.73±0.10C | <0.001 |
| 钙化壳重 CSW/g | 6.57±0.51 | 6.33±0.47 | 6.20±0.27 | 0.120 |
表2 蛋壳质量性状相关性分析结果Table 2 Results of correlation analysis of eggshell quality traits |
| 种类 Types | 性状 Traits | 统计量 Statistics | 蛋形指数 ESI | 钙化壳厚度 CST | 钙化壳重 CSW | 蛋壳强度 ESS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
正常蛋 Normal egg | 蛋形指数 ESI | r | 1.000 | -0.063 | 0.300 | 0.162 |
| P | 0.847 | 0.344 | 0.615 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.536 | 0.141 | ||
| P | 0.073 | 0.663 | ||||
钙化壳重 CSW | r | 1.000 | 0.038 | |||
| P | 0.907 | |||||
蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | ||||
| P | ||||||
沙壳蛋 Pimpled egg | 蛋形指数 ESI | r | 1.000 | -0.306 | -0.091 | -0.215 |
| P | 0.333 | 0.778 | 0.502 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.281 | -0.127 | ||
| P | 0.376 | 0.695 | ||||
钙化壳重 CSW | r | 1.000 | -0.108 | |||
| P | 0.738 | |||||
蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | ||||
| P | ||||||
条纹蛋 Striped egg | 蛋形指数 ESI | r | 1.000 | 0.513 | 0.133 | 0.172 |
| P | 0.088 | 0.680 | 0.594 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.433 | 0.358 | ||
| P | 0.160 | 0.254 | ||||
钙化壳重 CSW | r | 1.000 | 0.228 | |||
| P | 0.476 | |||||
蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | ||||
| P |
2.2 3种蛋壳的超微结构
2.2.1 蛋壳外表面和内表面的超微结构
图1 蛋壳外表面、内表面和横断面电镜图A、B和C分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳外表面;D、E和F分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳内表面;G、H和I分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳横断面。 Fig.1 Electron microscope images of outer surface, inner surface and cross section of eggshells (200×) A, B and C represented outer surface of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell; D, E and F represented inner surface of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell; G, H and I represented cross section of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell, respectively. |
2.2.2 蛋壳横断面的超微结构
图2 蛋壳晶体层、栅栏层和乳突层顶部电镜图A、B和C分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳晶体层;D、E和F分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳栅栏层;G、H和I分别表示正常蛋、沙壳蛋和条纹蛋蛋壳乳突层顶部。 Fig.2 Electron microscope images of crystal layer, palisade layer and top of mastoid layer of eggshells (3 000×) A, B and C represented crystal layer of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell; D, E and F represented palisade layer of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell; G, H and I represented top of mastoid layer of normal eggshell, sand pimpled eggshell and striped eggshell, respectively. |
表3 3种蛋壳超微结构的比较Table 3 Comparison of ultrastructure among three types of eggshellsμm |
| 项目 Items | 正常蛋 Normal egg | 沙壳蛋 Pimpled egg | 条纹蛋 Striped egg | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钙化壳厚度 CST | 339.23±12.83 | 333.32±9.18 | 332.66±6.55 | 0.215 |
| 乳突间隙 MG | 40.20±11.47B | 58.76±15.33A | 70.52±17.70A | <0.001 |
| 乳突层厚度 MLT | 32.11±11.65C | 46.93±12.58B | 61.31±13.73A | <0.001 |
| 有效厚度 ET | 307.12±17.19A | 286.40±18.90B | 271.35±16.22C | <0.001 |
| 平均乳突大小 AMS | 74.12±2.73 | 74.41±1.75 | 74.60±2.12 | 0.869 |
2.3 蛋壳超微结构性状相关性分析
表4 蛋壳超微结构性状相关性分析结果Table 4 Results of correlation analysis of ultrastructural traits of eggshells |
| 种类 Types | 性状 Traits | 统计量 Statistics | 蛋壳强度 ESS | 钙化壳 厚度 CST | 有效厚度 ET | 乳突层 厚度 MLT | 平均乳突 大小 AMS | 乳突间隙 MG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
正常蛋 Normal egg | 蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | 0.141 | 0.693* | -0.868* | 0.001 | -0.736* |
| P | 0.663 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.999 | 0.006 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.736* | 0.016 | 0.824* | 0.152 | ||
| P | 0.006 | 0.961 | 0.001 | 0.637 | ||||
有效厚度 ET | r | 1.000 | -0.666* | 0.533 | -0.525 | |||
| P | 0.018 | 0.074 | 0.080 | |||||
乳突层厚度 MLT | r | 1.000 | 0.121 | 0.942* | ||||
| P | 0.709 | <0.001 | ||||||
平均乳突大小 AMS | r | 1.000 | 0.283 | |||||
| P | 0.372 | |||||||
乳突间隙 MG | r | 1.000 | ||||||
| P | ||||||||
沙壳蛋 Pimpled egg | 蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | 0.358 | 0.743* | -0.856* | 0.401 | -0.764* |
| P | 0.254 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.196 | 0.004 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.817* | -0.498 | 0.870* | -0.443 | ||
| P | 0.001 | 0.099 | <0.001 | 0.149 | ||||
有效厚度 ET | r | 1.000 | -0.907* | 0.744* | -0.816* | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.001 | |||||
乳突层厚度 MLT | r | 1.000 | -0.484 | 0.904* | ||||
| P | 0.111 | <0.001 | ||||||
平均乳突大小 AMS | r | 1.000 | -0.530 | |||||
| P | 0.076 | |||||||
乳突间隙 MG | r | 1.000 | ||||||
| P | ||||||||
条纹蛋 Striped egg | 蛋壳强度 ESS | r | 1.000 | -0.127 | 0.657* | -0.837* | -0.085 | -0.781* |
| P | 0.695 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.793 | 0.003 | |||
钙化壳厚度 CST | r | 1.000 | 0.553 | -0.175 | 0.883* | 0.215 | ||
| P | 0.062 | 0.586 | <0.001 | 0.502 | ||||
有效厚度 ET | r | 1.000 | -0.917* | 0.617* | -0.490 | |||
| P | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.106 | |||||
乳突层厚度 MLT | r | 1.000 | -0.307 | 0.681* | ||||
| P | 0.332 | 0.015 | ||||||
平均乳突大小 AMS | r | 1.000 | 0.058 | |||||
| P | 0.857 | |||||||
乳突间隙 MG | r | 1.000 | ||||||
| P |

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