1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Cron | 57.48 | ||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal (43%) | 23.00 | ||
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 8.00 | ||
| 石粉 Limestone | 9.50 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.30 | ||
| 蛋氨酸 Met (99%) | 0.10 | ||
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.30 | ||
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (70%) | 0.09 | ||
| 多维 Multi-vitamin1) | 0.03 | ||
| 多矿 Multi-mineral2) | 0.20 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 13.96 | ||
| 干物质 DM | 88.37 | ||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 15.58 | ||
| 钙 Ca | 3.88 | ||
| 总磷 TP | 0.56 | ||
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.73 | ||
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.34 |
1)多维为每千克饲粮提供 Multi-vitamin provided per kilogram of the diet:VA 13 500 IU,VB1 3 mg,VB2 7.5 mg,VB6 6 mg,VB12 0.024 mg,VD3 3 900 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 4.8 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.18 mg,烟酸 niacin 45 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 18 mg。 2)多矿为每千克饲粮提供 Multi-mineral provided per kilogram of the diet:Fe 144 mg,Mn 120 mg,Zn 144 mg,Cu 20 mg,Co 1 mg,I 0.96 mg,Se 0.7 mg。 3)总能、粗蛋白质、干物质、总磷为测定值,其余营养水平为计算值。GE, CP, DM and TP were measured values, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标和方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 血浆生化指标
1.4.4 肠道形态结构
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表2 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Stevia chlorogenic acid on performance of laying hens during late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 甜叶菊绿原酸组 Stevia chlorogenic acid group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 87.93±0.98b | 92.53±0.95a | 0.004 |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 63.21±0.30 | 62.47±0.35 | 0.142 |
| 产蛋量 Egg mass/(g/d) | 55.17±0.82b | 58.61±0.29a | 0.003 |
| 平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/g | 129.13±0.47b | 130.61±0.31a | 0.031 |
| 料蛋比 Feed/egg | 2.34±0.03a | 2.22±0.01b | 0.005 |
| 破畸率 Broken and abnormal egg rate/% | 2.31±0.71a | 0.55±0.08b | 0.044 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
图1 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡每周生产性能的影响Control:对照组;SCGA:甜叶菊绿原酸组。*表示与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Effects of Stevia chlorogenic acid on weekly performance of laying hens during late laying period Control: control group; SCGA: Stevia chlorogenic acid group. * indicated significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). |
2.2 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of Stevia chlorogenic acid on egg quality of laying hens during late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 甜叶菊绿原酸组 Stevia chlorogenic acid group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 6.33±0.29b | 7.46±0.18a | 0.005 |
| 蛋形指数 Egg shape index | 1.30±0.01 | 1.30±0.01 | 0.803 |
| 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 3.06±0.17 | 3.26±0.11 | 0.334 |
| 蛋黄比重 Yolk percentage/% | 27.15±0.44 | 27.19±0.15 | 0.940 |
| 蛋白比重 Albumen percentage/% | 63.67±0.48 | 63.14±0.31 | 0.387 |
| 蛋壳比重 Eggshell percentage/% | 9.18±0.16 | 9.21±0.25 | 0.920 |
| 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.34±0.01 | 0.35±0.01 | 0.499 |
| 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 6.51±0.14 | 6.14±0.25 | 0.220 |
| 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 72.92±1.50 | 70.11±2.20 | 0.310 |
2.3 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡血浆生化指标的影响
表4 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡血浆生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of Stevia chlorogenic acid on plasma biochemical indexes of laying hens during late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 甜叶菊绿原酸组 Stevia chlorogenic acid group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 54.78±1.17 | 55.89±1.24 | 0.524 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 20.48±0.36 | 19.95±0.37 | 0.324 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 11.74±0.27 | 11.67±0.59 | 0.910 |
| 尿酸 UA/(μmol/L) | 271.57±7.92b | 341.13±22.08a | 0.016 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 2.76±0.28 | 3.20±0.21 | 0.228 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 13.76±1.81 | 16.39±1.66 | 0.303 |
| 高密度脂蛋白 HDL/(mmol/L) | 0.94±0.07 | 1.01±0.01 | 0.338 |
| 低密度脂蛋白 LDL/(mmol/L) | 1.62±0.20 | 1.91±0.14 | 0.258 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 240.43±42.88 | 340.38±36.86 | 0.099 |
2.4 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道形态结构的影响
表5 甜叶菊绿原酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道形态结构的影响Table 5 Effects of Stevia chlorogenic acid on intestinal morphology of laying hens during late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 甜叶菊绿原酸组 Stevia chlorogenic acid group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | |||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1774.79±12.04 | 1712.89±63.13 | 0.365 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 257.04±25.21 | 248.79±14.49 | 0.774 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 V/C | 7.35±0.70 | 7.04±0.44 | 0.702 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1421.76±164.73 | 1327.00±76.31 | 0.613 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 236.63±37.51 | 210.69±25.04 | 0.574 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 V/C | 6.50±0.64 | 6.72±0.63 | 0.808 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 434.75±41.03b | 602.96±46.99a | 0.020 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 110.97±16.30 | 113.48±7.32 | 0.891 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 V/C | 4.74±0.39 | 5.38±0.41 | 0.279 |

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