1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 43~70日龄 43 to 70 days of age |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 61.70 | 66.40 | 69.49 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 25.70 | 20.60 | 17.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.60 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.30 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.50 | 1.30 | 1.00 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.30 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.11 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.80 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.14 | 12.43 | 12.88 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 19.85 | 17.42 | 16.13 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.75 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.47 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.92 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.41 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age,VA 9 900 IU,VD3 1 800 IU,VE 38 IU,VK3 3.15 mg,VB1 2.7 mg,VB2 6.75 mg,VB6 4.5 mg,VB12 31.5 μg,生物素 biotin 0.23 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 15.75 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.1 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 45 mg,Fe 150 mg,Cu 19 mg,Mn 132 mg,Zn 110 mg,I 0.41 mg,Se 0.49 mg;22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age,VA 9 240 IU,VD3 1 680 IU,VE 35.7 IU,VK32.94 mg,VB1 2.52 mg,VB2 6.3 mg,VB6 4.2 mg,VB12 29.4 μg,生物素 biotin 0.21 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 14.7 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.05 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 42 mg,Fe 135 mg,Cu 15 mg,Mn 110 mg,Zn 114 mg,I 0.53 mg,Se 0.5 mg;43~70日龄 43 to 70 days of age,VA 8 800 IU,VD3 1 600 IU,VE 34 IU,VK3 2.8 mg,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 6.0 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VB12 28 μg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 14 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.0 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 40 mg,Fe 135 mg,Cu 15 mg,Mn 110 mg,Zn 114 mg,I 0.53 mg,Se 0.5 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集和指标测定
1.4.1 饲粮营养水平
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 屠宰性能
1.4.4 肉品质
1.4.5 血常规指标及血清免疫指标
1.4.6 免疫器官指数
1.4.7 血清抗氧化指标
1.5 统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of SBP on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 初重 Initial BW/g | 38.60±0.28 | 38.80±0.64 | 38.70±0.62 | 39.10±0.57 | 38.80±0.34 |
| 末重 Final BW/g | 2 819.00±75.84b | 2 924.50±114.09a | 2 931.60±108.93a | 2 903.70±125.19ab | 2 890.10±124.02ab |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 40.30±1.10b | 41.82±1.65a | 41.93±1.58a | 41.52±1.81ab | 41.32±1.80ab |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 97.44±2.41 | 97.92±3.94 | 98.78±3.97 | 98.56±5.24 | 98.29±4.98 |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.42±0.05a | 2.34±0.04b | 2.36±0.05b | 2.37±0.06ab | 2.38±0.06ab |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
表3 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of SBP on slaughter performance of yellow-feathered broilers% |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 屠宰率 Slaughter rate | 91.60±1.55 | 91.58±1.32 | 91.55±1.18 | 91.25±1.02 | 91.67±1.39 |
| 半净膛率 Half-eviscerated rate | 86.33±1.51 | 86.75±1.46 | 86.16±1.54 | 86.52±1.62 | 86.67±1.37 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated rate | 72.73±1.69 | 72.73±1.54 | 73.20±1.83 | 73.19±1.79 | 73.02±1.82 |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle rate | 15.43±1.32 | 15.14±1.27 | 15.33±1.55 | 15.38±1.57 | 15.15±1.44 |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle rate | 20.40±1.99 | 19.73±2.38 | 20.87±0.96 | 20.63±1.45 | 20.87±1.75 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate | 1.50±0.64 | 1.46±0.66 | 1.52±0.95 | 1.60±0.77 | 1.51±0.67 |
2.3 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表4 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of SBP on meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | ||||
| pH | 45 min | 5.98±0.23 | 6.04±0.25 | 6.02±0.28 | 6.20±0.27 | 6.01±0.30 |
| 24 h | 5.82±0.15 | 5.78±0.14 | 5.90±0.19 | 5.78±0.11 | 5.80±0.15 | |
| 肉色 Meat color | 45 min | 70.45±6.50b | 70.43±7.47b | 79.91±4.33a | 74.07±7.62b | 74.36±4.97ab |
| 24 h | 54.24±2.34 | 55.69±6.41 | 55.64±5.01 | 59.38±4.86 | 54.74±5.18 | |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 3.31±0.41 | 3.25±0.51 | 3.26±0.33 | 3.41±0.50 | 3.47±0.87 | |
| 蒸煮损失 Cooking loss/% | 21.57±1.87 | 21.36±1.75 | 21.50±1.35 | 22.00±1.45 | 21.74±1.90 | |
| 肌纤维 Myofiber | 直径 Diameter/μm | 41.60±3.42 | 40.30±3.75 | 40.60±4.52 | 41.10±4.12 | 41.30±3.77 |
| 横截面积 Cross sectional area/μm2 | 1 287.00±264.29 | 1 246.50±280.40 | 1 196.00±288.73 | 1 257.50±198.76 | 1 278.40±196.72 | |
| 密度 Density/(根/mm2) | 453.90±105.37 | 560.40±77.15 | 529.00±90.09 | 505.60±118.17 | 514.40±81.34 | |
2.4 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血常规指标的影响
表5 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血常规指标的影响Table 5 Effects of SBP on blood routine indices of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 白细胞 WBC/(×109个/L) | 56.04±5.93 | 54.77±4.82 | 53.87±5.04 | 54.54±4.90 | 53.73±5.41 |
| 淋巴细胞比率 LYM percentage/% | 76.90±3.97 | 79.14±2.94 | 76.77±4.09 | 77.60±4.61 | 79.43±4.61 |
| 中间细胞比率 MID percentage/% | 9.89±0.93 | 9.19±0.86 | 9.47±1.01 | 9.21±1.27 | 9.26±1.65 |
| 粒细胞比率 NEU percentage/% | 13.21±3.16 | 11.67±2.20 | 13.76±3.21 | 13.19±3.45 | 11.31±3.51 |
| 淋巴细胞 LYM/(×109个/L) | 43.23±5.98 | 43.39±4.46 | 41.29±2.83 | 42.39±5.24 | 41.16±5.52 |
| 中间细胞 MID/(×109个/L) | 5.53±0.61 | 5.04±0.63 | 5.14±0.85 | 5.03±0.71 | 5.01±1.09 |
| 粒细胞 NEU/(×109个/L) | 7.29±1.58 | 6.33±1.10 | 7.44±2.39 | 7.13±1.80 | 7.56±4.42 |
| 红细胞 RBC/(×1012个/L) | 2.41±0.23 | 2.43±0.11 | 2.50±0.11 | 2.36±0.28 | 2.29±0.13 |
| 血红蛋白 HGB/(g/L) | 120.71±5.93 | 122.43±3.60 | 121.57±6.53 | 123.00±12.87 | 120.14±6.04 |
| 红细胞压积 HCT/% | 29.91±2.78 | 30.11±1.48 | 31.36±1.30 | 29.14±2.98 | 28.56±1.96 |
| 红细胞平均体积 MCV/fL | 124.19±3.25 | 123.96±1.73 | 125.74±4.19 | 124.06±3.17 | 124.93±3.12 |
2.5 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血清免疫指标的影响
表6 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of SBP on serum immune indices of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 溶菌酶 LZM/(ng/mL) | 416.84±30.17b | 491.20±50.85a | 513.19±42.50a | 470.10±61.65a | 488.72±50.52a |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β/(pg/mL) | 720.63±75.36a | 621.75±153.32ab | 558.82±143.99b | 629.23±107.64ab | 599.46±142.39ab |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 40.87±12.99b | 50.27±17.31ab | 60.73±22.83a | 62.89±21.84a | 54.71±20.71ab |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 72.03±22.80a | 61.88±20.57ab | 47.91±25.43b | 67.28±13.43ab | 47.97±28.61b |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(ng/mL) | 88.34±18.24c | 111.16±18.51bc | 144.30±23.80a | 139.30±30.44a | 123.83±27.82ab |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 69.58±6.60 | 70.05±7.06 | 75.71±6.62 | 69.05±10.36 | 67.13±8.78 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 2 214.29±199.04b | 3 044.29±169.82ab | 3 194.76±168.18a | 2 502.38±155.17ab | 2 491.90±255.50ab |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 387.18±69.95b | 450.00±107.98ab | 509.14±87.55a | 474.26±75.35ab | 508.40±102.86a |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 1 002.07±94.68b | 964.47±62.90b | 1 275.56±101.57a | 978.01±155.43b | 1 010.15±162.86b |
2.6 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响
表7 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响Table 7 Effects of SBP on immune organ indices of yellow-feathered broilersg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.15±0.04 | 0.15±0.03 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.16±0.04 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.10±0.04 | 0.14±0.06 | 0.14±0.06 | 0.14±0.04 | 0.11±0.04 |
2.7 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表8 大豆活性肽对黄羽肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 8 Effects of SBP on serum antioxidant indices of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 大豆活性肽水平 SBP level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(μmol/L) | 1 830.44±97.57 | 1 864.23±115.73 | 1 889.56±103.82 | 1 822.99±117.66 | 1 789.34±119.89 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mL) | 0.71±0.08c | 0.97±0.19a | 0.86±0.10ab | 0.83±0.18abc | 0.77±0.15bc |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 628.75±32.74 | 622.52±38.40 | 631.41±21.62 | 596.78±42.02 | 613.1±42.59 |

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