1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物与饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)[11]% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米 Corn | 75.09 | 67.19 | 59.30 | 52.75 |
| 大豆皮 Soybean husk | 9.35 | 18.64 | 28.03 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 20.43 | 19.19 | 17.97 | 15.24 |
| 赖氨酸 L-Lys·HCl | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| 蛋氨酸 L-Met | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| 苏氨酸 L-Thr | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| 色氨酸 L-Trp | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.44 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.99 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels | ||||
| 计算值 Calculated values2) | ||||
| 干物质 DM | 87.12 | 87.44 | 87.77 | 88.08 |
| 消化能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 14.40 | 13.85 | 13.31 | 12.75 |
| 净能 NE/(MJ/kg) | 10.61 | 10.02 | 9.44 | 8.85 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 15.50 | 15.50 | 15.50 | 15.00 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 2.00 | 5.00 | 8.00 | 11.00 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 9.00 | 13.50 | 18.00 | 22.50 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 5.30 | 8.10 | 11.67 | 14.79 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
| 磷 P | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
| 实测值 Measured values | ||||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 15.86 | 15.57 | 13.82 | 14.75 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 17.31 | 17.26 | 15.63 | 17.12 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 5.03 | 5.15 | 7.78 | 4.90 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.72 | 0.55 | 0.92 | 0.60 |
| 磷 P | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.37 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 9 000 IU,VB1 5 mg,VB2 9 mg,VB6 32 mg,VB12 0.030 mg,VD3 1 900 IU,VE 22 IU,VK 35 mg,生物素 biotin 0.09 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 15 mg,烟酸 niacin 29 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 21 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 65 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 45 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 65 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.55 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.32 mg。 2)计算值是根据配方中各原料所占比例与各原料在《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2021年第32版)》中的对应营养成分含量计算得出。The calculated values were calculated according to the proportion of each raw material in the formula and the corresponding nutrient contents of each raw material in the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritional Values in China (32nd ed, 2021). |
1.2 指标检测与方法
1.2.1 生长性能测定
1.2.2 血清生化指标测定
1.2.3 养分表观消化率测定
1.2.4 消化酶含量测定
1.2.5 结肠内容物中挥发性脂肪酸浓度测定
某挥发性脂肪酸浓度=(样品某酸峰面积×巴豆酸标准峰面积×某酸标准浓度)/(样品中巴豆酸峰面积×标样中某酸峰面积)。
1.2.6 结肠内容物微生物组分析
1.2.7 结肠内容物代谢组分析
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary NDF level on growth performance of Jinfen white pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 初重 Initial weight/kg | 20.13 | 19.63 | 19.60 | 19.88 | 1.27 | 0.998 | 0.939 | 0.980 | |
| 末重 Final weight/kg | 41.63 | 39.88 | 43.55 | 42.25 | 2.07 | 0.975 | 0.821 | 0.950 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 645.16 | 653.23 | 758.06 | 721.77 | 29.07 | 0.579 | 0.234 | 0.501 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(kg/d) | 1.34 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.44 | 0.07 | 0.846 | 0.711 | 0.656 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.05b | 2.30a | 1.98b | 1.99b | 0.48 | 0.020 | 0.212 | 0.109 | |
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the same row with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪血清生化指标的影响
表3 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary NDF level on serum biochemical indexes of Jinfen white pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(ng/L) | 38.63 | 41.24 | 40.49 | 41.54 | 0.87 | 0.643 | 0.286 | 0.492 | |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(ng/L) | 220.63 | 248.63 | 230.08 | 232.88 | 4.78 | 0.109 | 0.610 | 0.184 | |
| 三碘甲腺原氨酸 T3/(ng/L) | 229.82 | 224.45 | 229.35 | 221.76 | 5.26 | 0.952 | 0.647 | 0.905 | |
| 四碘甲状腺原氨酸 T4/(ng/L) | 1 595.00 | 1 414.05 | 1 715.63 | 1 584.15 | 40.51 | 0.083 | 0.590 | 0.616 | |
| 胰岛素 INS/(ng/L) | 99.32 | 94.58 | 94.41 | 98.03 | 1.67 | 0.711 | 0.847 | 0.486 | |
| 生长激素 GH/(ng/L) | 23.46 | 24.44 | 23.60 | 23.96 | 0.51 | 0.923 | 0.856 | 0.902 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 7.51bc | 8.02ab | 7.20c | 8.51a | 0.17 | 0.006 | 0.163 | 0.191 | |
| 蛋白质羰基 PCO/(pg/mL) | 256.37 | 270.17 | 248.40 | 255.13 | 5.65 | 0.646 | 0.637 | 0.864 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/L) | 8.92 | 10.04 | 9.57 | 9.04 | 0.19 | 0.127 | 0.957 | 0.087 | |
| 8-羟基脱氧鸟苷 8-OHdG/(ng/L) | 166.78 | 163.01 | 168.03 | 168.35 | 3.26 | 0.954 | 0.756 | 0.917 | |
2.3 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪养分表观消化率的影响
表4 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary NDF level on nutrient apparent digestibility of Jinfen white pigs% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 90.35a | 88.89a | 84.39b | 84.91b | 0.74 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.003 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 92.42a | 90.32a | 87.41b | 90.05a | 0.51 | 0.002 | 0.024 | 0.003 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 71.96 | 68.40 | 69.28 | 71.70 | 1.03 | 0.552 | 0.992 | 0.361 | |
| 钙 Ca | 76.02 | 65.73 | 70.34 | 71.63 | 1.52 | 0.116 | 0.539 | 0.134 | |
| 磷 P | 68.29a | 70.92a | 55.31b | 67.25a | 1.93 | 0.014 | 0.286 | 0.278 | |
2.4 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪消化酶含量的影响
表5 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪消化酶含量的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary NDF level on digestive enzyme contents of Jinfen white pigsng/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 纤维素酶 Cellulase | |||||||||
| 结肠前段 The anterior segment of the colon | 280.64c | 341.90a | 319.39b | 339.68a | 9.33 | <0.001 | 0.053 | 0.066 | |
| 结肠后段 The posterior segment of the colon | 291.34 | 344.48 | 335.62 | 285.44 | 12.14 | 0.190 | 0.828 | 0.070 | |
| 盲肠 Cecum | 313.85a | 299.83b | 321.23a | 316.80a | 3.23 | 0.026 | 0.331 | 0.511 | |
| 淀粉酶 Amylase | |||||||||
| 胰脏 Pancreas | 3 693.66b | 4 311.86a | 3 778.73b | 3 489.47c | 115.52 | <0.001 | 0.301 | 0.039 | |
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 3 999.92a | 4 408.28a | 3 398.73 | 3 994.25a | 148.06 | 0.022 | 0.453 | 0.755 | |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 3 841.11 | 4 141.71 | 4 141.71 | 3 523.50 | 132.66 | 0.341 | 0.465 | 0.159 | |
| 回肠 Ileum | 3 517.84b | 3 475.20b | 3 489.47b | 4 317.53a | 139.47 | 0.008 | 0.039 | 0.005 | |
| 脂肪酶Lipase | |||||||||
| 胰脏 Pancreas | 360.21bc | 366.97ab | 351.64c | 373.74a | 3.33 | 0.034 | 0.439 | 0.422 | |
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 335.40b | 414.33a | 403.96a | 343.07b | 13.95 | 0.001 | 0.787 | <0.001 | |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 386.82 | 365.62 | 400.80 | 358.86 | 11.19 | 0.636 | 0.663 | 0.846 | |
| 回肠 Ileum | 412.08a | 351.64c | 372.74b | 410.23a | 9.77 | 0.001 | 0.874 | 0.003 | |
| 胰蛋白酶Trypsin | |||||||||
| 胰脏 Pancreas | 12.33c | 13.90a | 11.82d | 13.39b | 0.31 | 0.001 | 0.722 | 0.944 | |
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 11.63 | 12.47 | 12.85 | 12.64 | 0.26 | 0.431 | 0.529 | 0.580 | |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 13.54a | 13.54a | 12.32b | 11.21c | 0.37 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 回肠 Ileum | 11.08b | 14.60a | 14.16a | 14.22a | 0.54 | <0.001 | 0.621 | 0.837 | |
2.5 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪结肠内容物中挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响
表6 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪结肠内容物中挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary NDF level on volatile fatty acid concentrations in colon contents of Jinfen white pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/(mmol/L) | 46.46 | 44.69 | 41.35 | 46.22 | 1.70 | 0.757 | 0.804 | 0.644 | |
| 乙酸 Acetic acid/(mmol/L) | 23.37 | 24.08 | 26.49 | 27.73 | 1.37 | 0.708 | 0.221 | 0.491 | |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid/(mmol/L) | 12.92a | 11.12ab | 8.85b | 11.09ab | 0.56 | 0.046 | 0.123 | 0.036 | |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.25b | 0.61a | 0.44ab | 0.53a | 0.05 | 0.019 | 0.136 | 0.112 | |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyric acid/(mmol/L) | 7.74a | 6.31ab | 4.24c | 5.25bc | 0.47 | 0.017 | 0.014 | 0.012 | |
| 戊酸 Valeric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.34b | 0.94a | 0.58b | 0.67ab | 0.08 | 0.022 | 0.392 | 0.179 | |
| 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid/(mmol/L) | 1.84 | 1.62 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 0.20 | 0.131 | 0.035 | 0.102 | |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetic acid/propionic acid | 1.83b | 2.19b | 2.99a | 2.44ab | 0.15 | 0.021 | 0.051 | 0.034 | |
2.6 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪结肠内容物微生物的影响
图1 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪结肠内容物微生物的影响A:结肠内容物微生物在门水平上的组成 composition of microorganisms in colon contents at phylum level;B:结肠内容物微生物在属水平上的组成 composition of microorganisms in colon contents at genus level;C:主坐标分析图 principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) diagram;D:非度量多维尺度分析图 nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis diagram;E:指示物种分析图 indicator species analysis diagram。 Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Spirochaetes:螺旋体门;Euryarchaeota:广古菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Epsilonbacteraeota:弯曲菌门;Actinobacteria:放线菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨细菌门;Verrucomicrobia:疣微菌门;Tenericutes:软壁菌门;Kiritimatiellaeota:圣诞岛盐菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻门;Chlamydiae:衣原体门;Planctomycetes:浮霉菌门;Deferribacteres:脱铁杆菌门;Fibrobacteres:脱铁杆菌门;Nitrospirae:硝化螺旋菌门:Lentisphaerae:黏胶球形菌门;Fusobacteria:梭杆菌门;Dependentiae:依赖菌门;Crenarchaeota:泉古菌门;Synergistetes:互养菌门;Acidobacteria:酸杆菌门;Chloroflexi:绿弯菌门;Unclassified:未分类。 Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Treponema_2:螺旋体属_2;Methanobrevibacter:甲烷短杆菌属;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005:瘤胃球菌科UCG-005;Terrisporobacter:风孢杆菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:狭义梭菌属1;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014:瘤胃球菌科UCG-014;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group:普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31群;Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group:毛螺菌科XPB1014群;Megasphaera:巨球型菌属;Prevotella_9:普雷沃氏菌属9;Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群;Alloprevotella:拟普雷沃氏菌属;Subdoligranulum:罕见小球菌属;Lachnospira:毛螺菌属;Prevotellaceae_UCG-003:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003;Phascolarctobacterium:考拉杆菌属;Ruminococcus_1:瘤胃球菌属1;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;Agathobacter:阿加索杆菌属;Campylobacter:弯曲菌属;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕森菌科R-7群;Other:其他;Unclassified:未分类。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary NDF level on microorganisms in colon contents of Jinfen white pigs |
表7 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对结肠内容物微生物在门水平上相对丰度的影响(前15)Table 7 Effects of dietary NDF level on relative abundances of microorganisms in colon contents at phylum level (top 15)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes | 89.31a | 70.76b | 64.91c | 60.07d | 3.40 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes | 6.67c | 20.80a | 15.44b | 17.66ab | 1.65 | <0.001 | 0.055 | 0.013 | |
| 螺旋体门 Spirochaetes | 0.29d | 2.78c | 5.57b | 10.04a | 1.12 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 广古菌门 Euryarchaeota | 2.04 | 1.52 | 5.06 | 8.10 | 1.13 | 0.121 | 0.022 | 0.530 | |
| 变形菌门 Proteobacteria | 0.77d | 2.05b | 3.53a | 1.12c | 0.32 | <0.001 | 0.408 | 0.001 | |
| 弯曲菌门 Epsilonbacteraeota | 0.04b | 0.08b | 3.04a | 0.07b | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.412 | 0.099 | |
| 放线菌门 Actinobacteria | 0.35a | 0.29ab | 0.21b | 0.20b | 0.02 | 0.019 | 0.002 | 0.006 | |
| 髌骨细菌门 Patescibacteria | 0.03d | 0.15c | 0.33a | 0.25b | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia | 0.13b | 0.24a | 0.20ab | 0.12b | 0.02 | 0.040 | 0.625 | 0.017 | |
| 软壁菌门 Tenericutes | 0.00c | 0.05b | 0.28a | 0.04b | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.270 | 0.030 | |
| 蓝藻门 Cyanobacteria | 0.05b | 0.10a | 0.09a | 0.08ab | 0.01 | 0.018 | 0.362 | 0.013 | |
| 圣诞岛盐菌门 Kiritimatiellaeota | 0.01c | 0.08ab | 0.10a | 0.05b | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.131 | <0.001 | |
| 衣原体门 Chlamydiae | 0.00b | 0.093a | 0.01b | 0.00b | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.489 | 0.115 | |
| 浮霉菌门 Planctomycetes | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.175 | 0.090 | 0.120 | |
| 脱铁杆菌门 Deferribacteres | 0.00b | 0.01b | 0.03a | 0.01b | 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.298 | 0.072 | |
| 纤维杆菌门 Fibrobacteres | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.090 | 0.069 | 0.057 | |
表8 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对结肠内容物微生物在属水平上相对丰度的影响Table 8 Effects of dietary NDF level on the relative abundance at the genus level of bacteria% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 乳杆菌属 Lactobacillus | 59.49a | 6.69c | 16.82b | 15.63b | 6.19 | <0.001 | 0.019 | <0.001 | |
| 链球菌属 Streptococcus | 0.85d | 15.83a | 7.05b | 5.14c | 1.66 | <0.001 | 0.797 | 0.017 | |
| 螺旋体属2 Treponema_2 | 0.29d | 2.77c | 5.96b | 10.03a | 1.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 甲烷短杆菌属 Methanobrevibacter | 2.02ab | 1.50b | 4.98ab | 8.07a | 1.12 | 0.121 | 0.220 | 0.520 | |
| 瘤胃球菌科UCG-005 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 | 0.86 | 4.98 | 5.44 | 3.23 | 0.55 | <0.001 | 0.131 | <0.001 | |
| 风孢杆菌属Terrisporobacter | 5.24a | 3.82b | 2.61c | 1.83c | 0.40 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 狭义梭菌属1 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 | 1.74c | 2.44b | 2.97b | 5.02a | 0.38 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 瘤胃球菌科UCG-014 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 | 0.62c | 2.79b | 3.57a | 2.86b | 0.34 | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | |
| 理研菌科RC9肠道群 Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group | 0.77b | 3.15a | 1.02b | 3.63a | 0.44 | 0.007 | 0.098 | 0.271 | |
| 普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31群 Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group | 0.21c | 1.73b | 2.80a | 2.79a | 0.32 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 毛螺菌科XPB1014群 Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group | 1.90ab | 3.95a | 1.02c | 0.28c | 0.52 | 0.034 | 0.091 | 0.084 | |
| 巨球型菌属Megasphaera | 2.28a | 2.47b | 0.28a | 1.70a | 0.30 | 0.011 | 0.149 | 0.214 | |
| 普雷沃氏菌属9 Prevotella_9 | 1.59b | 1.75ab | 1.89a | 1.20c | 0.09 | 0.030 | 0.186 | 0.003 | |
| 产粪甾醇真细菌群 Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_ group | 0.78b | 2.11a | 2.78a | 0.46b | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.918 | <0.001 | |
| 拟普雷沃氏菌属Alloprevotella | 2.40a | 1.46b | 0.97c | 0.65d | 0.20 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 罕见小球菌属Subdoligranulum | 0.27c | 2.13a | 0.88b | 1.00b | 0.21 | <0.001 | 0.636 | 0.980 | |
| 毛螺菌属 Lachnospira | 0.52b | 1.36a | 0.75b | 1.58a | 0.13 | <0.001 | 0.230 | 0.880 | |
| 普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003 Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 | 0.50b | 1.63a | 1.37a | 0.44b | 0.16 | <0.001 | 0.793 | <0.001 | |
| 考拉杆菌属 Phascolarctobacterium | 0.22c | 0.79b | 1.35a | 1.48a | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 瘤胃球菌属1 Ruminococcus_1 | 1.68a | 0.89b | 0.65bc | 0.60c | 0.14 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 粪杆菌属Faecalibacterium | 1.23a | 1.02a | 0.63b | 0.52b | 0.09 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 阿加索杆菌属 Agathobacter | 0.04b | 0.07b | 3.01a | 0.07b | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.411 | 0.101 | |
| 弯曲菌属 Campylobacter | 0.20c | 0.81b | 1.11a | 0.94b | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 克里斯滕森菌科R-7群 Christensenellaceae_R-7_group | 0.22c | 1.01a | 0.70b | 0.68b | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.184 | 0.060 | |
表9 Alpha多样性指数分析结果Table 9 Results of Alpha diversity indexes analysis |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9N | 13.5N | 18N | 22.5N | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| Ace指数 Ace index | 1 432.50b | 1 767.64a | 1 755.53a | 1 697.71a | 50.05 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 1 346.90b | 1 650.45a | 1 649.27a | 1 725.30a | 46.43 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| PD指数 PD index | 151.29b | 194.18a | 196.09a | 194.28a | 5.95 | 0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | |
| Pielou指数 Pielou index | 0.43b | 0.66a | 0.66a | 0.67a | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 4.39b | 6.95a | 6.97a | 7.07a | 0.34 | 0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.76b | 0.96a | 0.97a | 0.97a | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
2.7 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对晋汾白猪结肠代谢产物和代谢通路的影响
图3 结肠内容物中差异代谢物热图红色表示正相关;蓝色表示负相关。下图同。Red indicated positive correlation; blue indicated negative correlation. The same as below. γ-linolenic acid ethyl ester:γ-亚麻酸乙酯;α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone:α-吡咯烷酮;Vindoline:文多林;Phenyl N-[(2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)carbonyl]carbamate:苯基N-[(2-oxo-2H-吡喃-6-基)羰基]氨基甲酸酯;Valine:缬氨酸;Acridine-9(10H)-thione:吖啶-9(10H )-硫酮;Octadec-9-ynoic acid:十八碳-9-炔酸;Ethyl 3-cyano-2-hydroxy-6-phenylisonicotinate:3-氰基-2-羟基-6-苯基异烟酸乙酯;β-muricholic acid:β-鼠胆酸;α-eleostearic acid:α-桐酸;trans-10-heptadecenoic acid:十七碳烯酸;Xanthinea:黄嘌呤;α,α-trehalose:α,α-海藻糖;Valerophenone:苯戊酮;Vesamicol:囊状乙酰胆碱转运抑制剂;Zolpidem-d6:唑吡坦-d6;Methyl 2-[(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]thiophene-3-carboxylate:2-[(2-甲氧基乙酰基)氨基]噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯;Methyl 2-[(2-acety1-3-0xo-1-butenyl)amino]acetate:2-[(2-乙酰-3-氧代-1-丁烯基)氨基]乙酸甲酯;γ-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid:γ-L-谷氨酰基-L-谷氨酸。 Fig.3 Heat map of differential metabolites in colon contents |
图4 KEGG富集通路分析Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling:逆行内源性大麻素信号;Long-term depression:长期抑制作用;Platelet activation:血小板激活;Oxytocin signaling pathway:催产素信号通路;Vascular smooth muscle contraction:血管平滑肌收缩;Gap junetion:间隙连接;Cireadian entrainmen:昼夜夹带;Serotonergie synapse:5-羟色胺突触;Aldosterone synthesis and secretion:醛固酮的合成和分泌;Arachidonie acid metabolism:花生四烯酸代谢;Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids:不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成;Nitrogen metabolism:氮代谢;Fe gamma R-mediated phagocytosis:铁γ-R介导的吞噬作用;Long-term potentiation:长期增强作用;Glutamatergic synapse:谷氨酸能突触;Phenylalanine metabolism:苯丙氨酸代谢;Phototransduction:光传导;GnRH signaling pathway:促性腺激素释放激素信号通路;Leishmaniasis:利什曼病;Amoebiasis:阿米巴病;Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes:脂肪细胞中脂肪分解的调节;Purine metabolism:嘌呤代谢;Serotonergic synapse:含血清素的神经突触;Fatty acid biosynthesis:脂肪酸生物合成;Fructose and mannose metabolism:果糖和甘露糖代谢。 Fig.4 KEGG enrichment pathway analysis |
2.8 晋汾白猪结肠内容物微生物与挥发性脂肪酸、代谢产物的相关性分析
图5 结肠内容物微生物与挥发性脂肪酸(A)、代谢产物(B)相关性热图*:显著相关 significant correlation (P<0.05);**:极显著相关 extremely significant correlation (P<0.01);***:极显著相关 extremely significant correlation (P<0.001)。 Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:狭义梭菌属1;Subdoligranulum:罕见小球菌属;Megasphaera:巨球型菌属;Prevotella_9:普雷沃氏菌属9;Methanobrevibacter:甲烷短杆菌属;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014:瘤胃球菌科UCG-014;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005:瘤胃球菌科UCG-005;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group:毛螺菌科XPB1014群;Treponema_2:螺旋体属_2;Ruminococcus_1:瘤胃球菌属1;Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group:普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31群;Terrisporobacter:风孢杆菌;Prevotellaceae_UCG-003:普雷沃氏菌科UC-G003;Lachnospira:毛螺菌属;Phascolarctobacterium:考拉杆菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群;Alloprevotella:拟普雷沃氏菌属;Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group:毛螺菌科AC2044群;Ruminococcus_2:瘤胃球菌属2;Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;Prevotella_1:普雷沃氏菌属1;Coprococcus_1:粪球菌属1;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Solobacterium:索拉杆菌属;Holdemanella:霍尔德曼氏菌属;Catenibacterium:链型杆菌属;Fournierella:福涅雷拉菌属;TVFA:总挥发性脂肪酸;Acetic acid:乙酸;Propionic acid:丙酸;Isobutyric acid:异丁酸;Valeric acid:戊酸;Isovaleric acid:异戊酸;2-amino-,3,4-octadecanetriol;diaminopimelic acid:二氨基庚二酸;1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane-1,2-diol:1-(4-羟苯基)丙烷-1,2-二醇;Bifonazole:联苯苄唑;Aplaviroc hydrochloride:盐酸阿普拉韦洛;1-oxc-2.3-sitydro-111-inden-4-yl benzoate:苯酸盐;(1,1,2,3,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)adamantance-1-carboxylic acid:3-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙基)金刚烷-1-羧酸。 Fig.5 Correlation heat map between microorganisms and volatile fatty acid (A), metabolites (B) in colon contents |

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