1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~14日龄 1 to 14 days of age | 15~70日龄 15 to 70 days of age | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 58.90 | 56.50 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 28.00 | 20.00 |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 7.26 | 18.00 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 2.04 | 1.85 |
| 碳酸钠 NaCO3 | 1.13 | 1.16 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.28 | 0.31 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.26 | 0.24 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.40 | 0.24 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.12 | 11.58 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 20.50 | 16.50 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.86 | 0.95 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.53 | 0.52 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.89 | 0.92 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.51 | 0.49 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.83 | 0.75 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 2 100 IU,VE 15 IU,VK3 1 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 4 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.005 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 40 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,生物素 biotin 0.3 mg,Fe 120 mg,Cu 5 mg,Mn 60 mg,Zn 25 mg,I 0.3 mg,Se 0.2 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其他均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 样品采集与指标测定
1.2.1 样品采集
1.2.2 营养成分测定
1.2.3 生长性能测定
平均日增重=(终末体重-初始体重)/试验天数;
平均日采食量=阶段总耗料量/(试验天数×番鸭只数);
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重。
1.2.4 屠宰性能测定
屠宰率(%)=(屠体重/宰前活重)×100;
全净膛率(%)=(全净膛重/宰前活重)×100;
半净膛率(%)=(半净膛重/宰前活重)×100;
胸肌率(%)=(胸肌重/全净膛重)×100;
腿肌率(%)=(腿肌重/全净膛重)×100;
腹脂率(%)=[腹脂重/(全净膛重+腹脂重)]×100。
1.2.5 DNA提取和16S rRNA基因测序
1.2.6 肠型分型
1.2.7 盲肠内容物中SCFAs含量测定
1.3 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 番鸭盲肠肠型及其菌群结构分析
图2 不同肠型番鸭盲肠菌群α多样性图A为不同肠型番鸭盲肠菌群的OTU数目,图B为不同肠型番鸭盲肠菌群的Shannon指数。“*”表示2种肠型之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.2 α diversity of cecal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes Figure A shows the number of OTU of cecal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes, and figure B shows the Shannon index of cecal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes. “*” indicates a significant difference between two enterotypes (P<0.05). |
图3 不同肠型番鸭盲肠菌群组成图中数据为各组相应菌门或菌属的相对丰度平均值。A:门水平物种组成;B:属水平物种组成(前20)。 Fig.3 Composition of cecal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes The data in the figure are the average relative abundance of the corresponding phylum or genus in each group A: species composition at phylum level; B: species composition at genus level (top 20). |
2.2 不同肠型番鸭盲肠差异菌属分析
图5 不同肠型番鸭盲肠差异菌属的相对丰度聚类热图色阶代表差异菌属的相对丰度。红色越深代表相对丰度越高,蓝色越深代表相对丰度越低。 Fig.5 Relative abundance clustering heatmap of differential genera in cecal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes Color gradients represent the relative abundances of differential genera. The darker the red, the higher the relative abundance, and the darker the blue, the lower the relative abundance. |
2.3 不同肠型番鸭盲肠中SCFAs含量分析
表2 不同肠型番鸭盲肠中短链脂肪酸含量Table 2 SCFAs contents in cecum of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypesmg/g |
| 项目 Items | 肠型1 ET1 | 肠型2 ET2 | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酸 Acetate | 5.73±0.08b | 5.13±0.21a | 0.002 | |
| 丙酸 Propionate | 2.07±0.07b | 1.73±0.11a | 0.031 | |
| 丁酸 Butyrate | 1.25±0.04b | 1.05±0.07a | 0.033 | |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyrate | 0.36±0.02 | 0.31±0.05 | 0.269 | |
| 戊酸 Valerate | 0.46±0.06 | 0.55±0.19 | 0.550 | |
| 异戊酸 Isovalerate | 0.37±0.02 | 0.34±0.04 | 0.532 | |
同行数据肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.4 不同肠型番鸭盲肠差异菌属相对丰度与SCFAs含量的相关性分析
图6 不同肠型番鸭盲肠差异菌属相对丰度与短链脂肪酸含量的相关性分析“*”:显著相关(P<0.05);“**” :极显著相关(P<0.01)。 Fig.6 Correlation analysis between cecal differential genera relative abundances and SCFAs contentsof Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes “*”: significant correlation (P<0.05); “**”: extremely significant correlation (P<0.01). |
2.5 不同肠型番鸭的生长性能和屠宰性能分析
表3 不同肠型番鸭的生长性能分析Table 3 Analysis on growth performance of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 肠型1 ET1 | 肠型2 ET2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 1 | 49.74±0.54 | 49.92±0.38 | 0.903 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 70 | 2 858±22 | 2 811±40 | 0.370 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 1~70 | 40.16±10.83 | 39.46±12.17 | 0.743 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 1~70 | 131.82±8.47 | 132.18±9.14 | 0.844 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1~70 | 3.28±0.21 | 3.34±0.24 | 0.473 |
表4 不同肠型番鸭的屠宰性能分析Table 4 Analysis on slaughter performance of Muscovy ducks with different enterotypes |
| 项目 Items | 肠型1 ET1 | 肠型2 ET2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 屠体重 Dressed weight/g | 2 519.14±19.85 | 2 487.36±36.03 | 0.507 |
| 屠宰率 Dressed percentage/% | 88.43±0.18 | 88.91±0.33 | 0.285 |
| 半净膛重 Half-eviscerated weight/g | 2 350.58±18.33 | 2 305.27±32.53 | 0.313 |
| 半净膛率 Percentage of half-eviscerated yield/% | 82.12±0.21 | 82.11±0.40 | 0.983 |
| 全净膛重 Eviscerated weight/g | 2 130.51±16.36 | 2 085.62±30.50 | 0.262 |
| 全净膛率 Percentage of eviscerated yield/% | 74.51±0.20 | 74.27±0.42 | 0.628 |
| 胸肌重 Breast muscle weight/g | 376.60±3.48 | 375.90±8.38 | 0.935 |
| 胸肌率 Percentage of breast muscle/% | 18.08±0.10 | 18.04±0.26 | 0.885 |
| 腿肌重 Leg muscle weight/g | 227.10±3.15 | 224.00±7.02 | 0.689 |
| 腿肌率 Percentage of leg muscle/% | 11.01±0.17 | 10.76±0.35 | 0.540 |
| 腹脂重 Abdominal fat weight/g | 68.93±1.81a | 79.28±4.21b | 0.021 |
| 腹脂率 Percentage of abdominal fat/% | 3.21±0.07a | 3.57±0.16b | 0.034 |

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