研究论文

丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及腹泻频率的影响

  • 李正猛 , 1 ,
  • 杨毅 2 ,
  • 卜登攀 2 ,
  • 王建平 , 1, * ,
  • 马露 , 2, *
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  • 1 河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳 471000
  • 2 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京 100193
*王建平,教授,硕士生导师,E-mail: ;
马 露,副研究员,硕士生导师,E-mail:

李正猛(1999—),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,反刍动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:

Copy editor: 武海龙

收稿日期: 2024-01-01

  网络出版日期: 2024-06-07

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300703)

国家自然科学基金项目(32372933)

河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023180205)

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Indexes and Diarrhea Frequency of Lactating Calves

  • LI Zhengmeng , 1 ,
  • YANG Yi 2 ,
  • BU Dengpan 2 ,
  • WANG Jianping , 1, * ,
  • MA Lu , 2, *
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  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
  • 2 National Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
*professor, E-mail: ;
associate professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2024-01-01

  Online published: 2024-06-07

摘要

本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及腹泻频率的影响。试验选用75头健康、体重[(40±3) kg]相近的1日龄荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为5组,每组15头牛。对照组(CB0组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.2(CB0.2组)、0.4(CB0.4组)、0.8(CB0.8组)、1.6 g/d(CB1.6组)丁酸梭菌(活菌数为1×1010 CFU/g)。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)各组之间哺乳犊牛生长性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)14和42日龄时,CB0.8组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于CB0组(P<0.01),显著高于CB0.4组(P<0.05)。28日龄时,CB0.8组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于CB0组(P<0.01),CB0.2、CB0.4和CB1.6组的血清MDA含量显著低于CB0组(P<0.05)。3)29~42日龄、43~60日龄和3~60日龄时,CB0.2、CB0.4、CB0.8和CB1.6组的腹泻频率显著或极显著低于CB0组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上所述,丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛的生长性能无显著影响,可提高14和42日龄哺乳犊牛血清SOD活性,降低28日龄血清MDA含量,降低腹泻频率。本试验条件下,0.8 g/d丁酸梭菌降低犊牛腹泻频率效果最好。

本文引用格式

李正猛 , 杨毅 , 卜登攀 , 王建平 , 马露 . 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及腹泻频率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024 , 36(6) : 3772 -3780 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2024.323

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, serum antioxidant indexes and diarrhea frequency of lactating calves. Seventy-five healthy 1-day-old Holstein female calves with similar body weight [(40±3) kg] were randomly divided into 5 groups with 15 calves per group. The control group (CB0 group) was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.2 (CB0.2 group), 0.4 (CB0.4 group), 0.8 (CB0.8 group) and 1.6 g/d (CB1.6 group) Clostridium butyricum, respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) there was no significant difference in growth performance among all groups (P>0.05). 2) At 14 and 42 days of age, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of CB0.8 group was significantly higher than that of CB0 group (P<0.01), and significantly higher than that of CB0.4 group (P<0.05). At 28 days of age, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content of CB0.8 group was significantly lower than that of CB0 group (P<0.01), and the serum MDA content of CB0.2, CB0.4 and CB1.6 groups was significantly lower than that of CB0 group (P<0.05). 3) During 29 to 42 days of age, 43 to 60 days of age and 3 to 60 days of age, the diarrhea frequency of CB0.2, CB0.4, CB0.8 and CB1.6 groups was significantly lower than that of CB0 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, the Clostridium butyricum has no effect on the growth performance of lactating calves, but can increase the serum SOD activity of lactating calves at 14 and 42 days of age, and decrease the serum MDA content at 28 days of age, decrease the diarrhea frequency. Under the condition of this experiment, the 0.8 g/d Clostridium butyricum has the best effect for reducing the diarrhea frequency of lactating calves.

目前在奶牛生产中,犊牛消化系统发病率高达60%[1],不仅严重影响了犊牛的生长发育,还给养殖场造成很大的经济损失[2]。同时,有研究表明,犊牛腹泻还会导致成年后生产性能的遗传潜力不能充分发挥,从而给奶牛养殖业带来巨大的损失[3]。因我国农业农村部禁用抗生素类药物[4],寻求新的犊牛腹泻控制方案成为目前的研究热点。犊牛腹泻的发生有多种诱因,如不当的饲养管理、病原虫感染、病毒感染、消化系统的不完善、肠道内容物的异常发酵等[5]。丁酸梭菌作为一种益生菌,能够在肠道厌氧环境下生长,并产生丁酸为肠壁供能,且在肠道定植过程中分泌的消化酶和益生菌可以提高饲料消化率,改善肠道菌群结构,降低幼龄动物腹泻率[6]。Xu等[7]研究发现,饲粮中补充丁酸梭菌对肠道上皮细胞的生长和发育有促进作用,可显著提高肉鸡饲料利用效率和平均日增重(ADG)。邢帅等[8]研究表明,在基础饲粮中添加0.05%丁酸梭菌,可显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率。丁酸梭菌在瘤胃消化过程中具有重要作用[9-11]。丁酸梭菌能通过对有益菌乳酸菌等增殖的促进以及对有害菌大肠杆菌和腐败菌等增殖的抑制来减少胺类、吲哚类和硫化氢等有害物质的产生[12]。丁酸梭菌在促进肠道有益菌增殖的同时,还能通对肠道黏附位点的争夺来对有害菌的生长起到抑制作用,从而达到维持肠道健康、降低腹泻的目的[13]。同时,丁酸梭菌还会减少胰腺中性粒细胞和树突状细胞的浸润,抑制胰腺和结肠中通过核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)和Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)信号通路介导的炎症反应,维持肠道稳态,减弱肠道通透性,调节肠道菌群[14]。刘公言等[15]研究表明,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌对肉兔肠道微生物区系具有改善作用,有利于维持肠道健康,降低肉兔死亡率。
丁酸梭菌在单胃动物中的应用已有大量研究,而在反刍动物中研究较少。何家俊等[16]和李文茜[17]报道,丁酸梭菌可以提高犊牛抗氧化能力,降低腹泻率。因此,本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及腹泻频率的影响,为其在反刍动物养殖中应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计与饲养管理

选取75头健康、体重[(40±3) kg]相近的1日龄荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为5组,每组15头牛。对照组(CB0组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.2(CB0.2组)、0.4(CB0.4组)、0.8(CB0.8组)、1.6 g/d(CB1.6组)丁酸梭菌(活菌数为1×1010 CFU/g)。试验期60 d。
犊牛出生后2、6、18 h分别灌服初乳4、2、1 L。犊牛2日龄起饲喂代乳粉,21日龄起饲喂常乳,每天饲喂2次。犊牛饲喂量见表1,60日龄结束饲喂常乳。犊牛自3日龄起,每日晨饲时将丁酸梭菌混合在常乳和代乳粉冲剂中进行饲喂。代乳粉和水按照1∶6的比例(1 kg代乳粉,6 L水)调配。
表1 Feeding amount of calvesL/次

Table 1

日龄
Days of age
饲喂量
Feeding amount
2~3 4.0
4~30 5.0
31~50 6.0
51~55 4.5
56 4.0
57 3.5
58 3.0
59 2.5
60 2.0
开食料(犊牛开食料精料补充料戴瑞特7100,由乌兰察布市牧泉元兴饲料有限责任公司提供)主要原料为玉米及其加工产品、豆粕、棉籽粕、石粉、氯化钠、维生素A乙酸酯、维生素D3DL-α-生育酚乙酸酯、硫酸锰和硫酸锌等。开食料每日早晨更换,每天饲喂1次,试验期间所有犊牛自由采食开食料。开食料和代乳粉营养水平见表2,初乳和常乳密度及营养水平见表3
表2 开食料和代乳粉营养水平

Table 2 Nutrient levels of starter and milk replacer%

项目
Items
开食料
Starter
代乳粉
Milk replacer
干物质 DM 96.89 95.79
粗蛋白质 CP 24.84 22.45
粗灰分 Ash 2.67 7.22
粗脂肪 EE 7.69 8.99
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 7.76 0.78
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 4.96 0.54

营养水平均为实测值。表3同。

Nutrient levels were measured values. The same as Table 3.

表3 初乳和常乳密度及营养水平

Table 3 Nutrient levels and density of colostrum and normal milk

项目
Items
初乳
Colostrum
常乳
Normal milk
密度 Density/(g/L) 1 046 1 034
乳蛋白 Milk protein/% 18.11 3.23
乳脂肪 Milk fat/% 13.37 3.65
总固形物 Total solid/% 36.85 13.18
非脂固形物 Solid non-fat/% 22.84 9.53
乳糖 Lactose/% 2.71 4.91
本试验在北京市密云区海华云都生态农业有限公司赛科星牧场进行。试验犊牛于2.2 m×1.5 m×1.5 m的犊牛岛中单独饲养,饲喂时间为每天07:00和16:30。

1.2 样品采集及测定

1.2.1 初乳、常乳、代乳粉和开食料营养水平

初乳、常乳、代乳粉和开食料样品每2周采集1次,-20 ℃保存。初乳和常乳的密度及乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖、总固形物、非脂固形物、乳糖含量采用FOSS FT120乳成分分析仪测定。开食料和代乳粉中干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗灰分(Ash)含量参考AOAC(1990)[18]的方法测定,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量参考Van Soest等[19]的方法测定,主要仪器包括K1100全自动凯氏定氮仪、A2000i自动纤维测定仪及SoxtecTM 2050全自动脂肪分析仪。

1.2.2 生长性能

分别于3和60日龄晨饲前称重,每日记录犊牛开食料及液体饲料摄入量,计算平均日增重、开食料采食量、常乳(代乳粉)采食量、总采食量及料重比。

1.2.3 血清抗氧化指标

于犊牛3、14、28、42和60日龄晨饲前2 h,颈静脉采血20 mL,经3 000×g离心20 min后分离血清,分装于8个2 mL离心管中,-20 ℃保存。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量分别采用水溶性四氮唑-1法、硫代巴比妥酸法和比色法测定。试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。主要仪器为Y040多功能酶标仪(Tecan Infinite 200 Pro,Tecan国际有限公司)。

1.2.4 腹泻频率

每天晨饲后对每头犊牛粪便评分情况进行观察并记录,评分标准参照Hill等[20]的报道,采用4分制,评分≥3为腹泻,评分<3为不腹泻。按照如下公式计算腹泻频率:

腹泻频率(%)=100×腹泻次数/粪便排泄次数。

1.3 数据统计分析

试验数据均先用Excel 2021进行整理,并通过SAS 9.4统计软件中的PROC MIXED程序进行分析,对处理用多项式矩阵检验线性和二次曲线的显著性。试验结果以平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示。P<0.01为差异极显著,P<0.05为差异显著,0.05≤P<0.10为差异具有趋势。

2 结果

2.1 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能的影响

表4可见,各组之间哺乳犊牛平均日增重、开食料采食量、常乳(代乳粉)采食量、总采食量和料重比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与CB0组相比,CB1.6组的平均日增重提高了1.26%;CB0.2、CB0.4、CB0.8和CB1.6组的开食料采食量分别降低了4.20%、13.75%、13.67%和6.81%,总采食量分别降低了1.36%、4.28%、4.31%和2.09%,料重比分别降低了1.72%、4.29%、3.00%和4.29%。
表4 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能的影响

Table 4 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance of lactating calves

项目
Items
组别 Groups SEM PP-value
CB0 CB0.2 CB0.4 CB0.8 CB1.6 处理
Treatment
线性
Linear
二次
Quadratic
3日龄体重
Body weight at 3 days of age
38.90 37.51 38.30 37.87 38.43 0.780 0.758 0.817 0.360
60日龄体重
Body weight at 60 days of age
84.20 82.60 82.40 82.27 83.87 1.823 0.913 0.863 0.346
平均日增重
Average daily gain/(kg/d)
0.79 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.027 0.967 0.931 0.520
开食料采食量
Starter intake/(g/d DM)
561.84 538.27 484.56 485.05 523.59 41.770 0.634 0.337 0.267
常乳(代乳粉)采食量
Normal milk(milk replacer)
intake/(g/d DM)
1 260.60 1 259.33 1 259.96 1 258.89 1 260.60 0.905 0.586 0.878 0.213
总采食量
Total feed intake/(g/d DM)
1 822.44 1 797.59 1 744.48 1 743.94 1 784.29 41.766 0.622 0.335 0.255
料重比 Feed to gain ratio 2.33 2.29 2.23 2.26 2.23 0.066 0.787 0.281 0.615

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛血清抗氧化指标的影响

表5可见,14日龄时,CB0.8组的血清SOD活性极显著高于CB0组(P<0.01),显著高于CB0.4组(P<0.05);42日龄时,CB0.8组的血清SOD活性极显著高于CB0组(P<0.01),显著高于CB0.4组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,血清GSH-Px活性随着丁酸梭菌添加水平增加呈显著线性提高(P<0.05)。28日龄时,CB0.8组的血清MDA含量极显著低于CB0组(P<0.01),CB0.2、CB0.4和CB1.6组的血清MDA含量显著低于CB0组(P<0.05)。42和60日龄时,血清MDA含量随着丁酸梭菌添加水平增加呈线性降低趋势(P=0.077和P=0.060)。
表5 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on serum antioxidant indexes of lactating calves

项目
Items
组别 Groups SEM PP-value
CB0 CB0.2 CB0.4 CB0.8 CB1.6 处理
Treatment
线性
Linear
二次
Quadratic
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL)
3日龄 3 days of age 136.66 139.83 139.10 137.64 137.57 1.931 0.798 0.953 0.344
14日龄 14 days of age 137.98Bb 141.63ABab 138.63ABb 147.30Aa 142.84ABab 2.318 0.001 0.040 0.602
28日龄 28 days of age 144.43 153.41 151.75 148.95 146.76 2.678 0.131 0.981 0.022
42日龄 42 days of age 86.64Bc 89.40ABab 87.51ABac 90.25Ab 88.03ABabc 0.842 0.001 0.180 0.100
60日龄 60 days of age 88.73 89.51 91.10 91.18 89.75 0.827 0.174 0.154 0.058
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL)
3日龄 3 days of age 306.68 301.79 304.47 304.07 299.95 7.960 0.980 0.658 0.959
14日龄 14 days of age 221.84 226.38 228.26 226.62 229.47 5.962 0.917 0.414 0.758
28日龄 28 days of age 224.00 234.50 234.57 239.78 236.16 7.729 0.679 0.231 0.428
42日龄 42 days of age 149.57 170.54 151.81 171.99 179.62 8.115 0.051 0.023 0.690
60日龄 60 days of age 179.24 175.17 171.94 185.71 175.38 8.917 0.843 0.921 0.893
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL)
3日龄 3 days of age 3.17 3.49 3.66 3.44 3.41 0.170 0.434 0.420 0.108
14日龄 14 days of age 2.16 2.05 2.21 2.16 2.02 0.093 0.584 0.551 0.483
28日龄 28 days of age 2.31Aa 1.99ABb 1.94ABb 1.76Bb 1.92ABb 0.127 0.001 0.013 0.083
42日龄 42 days of age 3.27 2.56 2.52 2.48 2.52 0.266 0.199 0.077 0.137
60日龄 60 days of age 1.57 1.21 1.20 1.18 1.25 0.110 0.085 0.060 0.047

2.3 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛腹泻频率的影响

表6可见,3~14日龄和15~28日龄时,各组之间哺乳犊牛腹泻频率差异不显著(P>0.05)。29~42日龄时,CB0.2、CB0.4、CB0.8和CB1.6组的腹泻频率极显著低于CB0组(P<0.01);43~60日龄时,CB0.4、CB0.8和CB1.6组的腹泻频率极显著低于CB0组(P<0.01),CB0.2组的腹泻频率显著低于CB0组(P<0.05);3~60日龄时,CB0.2、CB0.4、CB0.8和CB1.6组腹泻频率极显著低于CB0组(P<0.01)。29~42日龄、43~60日龄和3~60日龄时,腹泻频率随着丁酸梭菌添加水平呈极显著线性和二次关系(P<0.01),且均为CB0.8组腹泻频率最低。
表6 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛腹泻频率的影响

Table 6 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on diarrhea frequency of lactating calves

项目
Items
组别 Groups SEM PP-value
CB0 CB0.2 CB0.4 CB0.8 CB1.6 处理
Treatment
线性
Linear
二次
Quadratic
3~14日龄
3 to 14 days of age
0.339 0.276 0.319 0.291 0.301 0.065 0.966 0.768 0.761
15~28日龄
15 to 28 days of age
0.328 0.170 0.207 0.171 0.146 0.060 0.228 0.061 0.396
29~42日龄
29 to 42 days of age
0.377Aa 0.103Bb 0.066Bb 0.030Bb 0.137Bb 0.052 <0.001 0.001 <0.001
43~60日龄
43 to 60 days of age
0.226Aa 0.144ABb 0.065Bb 0.035Bb 0.049Bb 0.039 0.004 <0.001 <0.001
3~60日龄
3 to 60 days of age
0.317Aa 0.189Bb 0.161Bb 0.122Bb 0.139Bb 0.026 <0.001 <0.001 0.006

3 讨论

3.1 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛生长性能的影响

丁酸梭菌对反刍动物生长性能的影响目前报道尚不一致,一般认为丁酸梭菌对反刍动物生长性能有促进作用。因此,丁酸梭菌可作为部分抗生替代品添加到动物饲粮中。Cai等[21]研究表明,饲粮中补充丁酸梭菌能提高热应激山羊的生长性能。胡志超等[22]发现,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌具有提高肉牛平均日增重的效果。李稳稳[23]研究发现,添加丁酸梭菌可以使断奶羔羊的生长性能得到提高。丁酸梭菌还可以提高家禽的平均日增重[24]。李莹等[25]研究发现,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可提高白羽肉鸡的生长性能。Li等[26]研究发现,丁酸梭菌可提高肉鸡的生长性能。Li等[27]研究发现,每日每千克饲粮中添加2×108 CFU的丁酸梭菌能够提高荷斯坦奶牛的生长性能。本试验发现,对照组采食量高于各试验组,各组之间平均日增重没有显著差异,试验组料重比较对照组有所下降,其原因可能是犊牛前期阶段瘤胃的消化功能相对较差[28],而饲喂丁酸梭菌后,其在肠道定植过程中可分泌消化酶[6],从而维持胃肠道环境稳态,提高饲料利用率。本试验生长性能结果与Zhang等[29]和何家俊等[16]的研究结果相似。李文茜[17]关于对犊牛断奶后10 d的研究结果表明,丁酸梭菌可显著提高犊牛平均日增重,与本试验结果存在差异。试验结果的差异可能与开始饲喂丁酸梭菌的犊牛日龄、饲养阶段、饲养动物品种以及饲养管理因素有关,具体原因需要进一步验证。

3.2 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛血清抗氧化指标的影响

丁酸梭菌可以提高血清SOD、GSH-Px活性,从而提高机体抗氧化能力。氧化应激是由于活性氧(ROS)的过度生产或抗氧化防御系统的缺乏引起的,如果氧化应激严重且持续时间长,则可能导致严重的细胞损伤[30-31]。王海瑞等[32]研究发现,在饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可以通过提高黄颡鱼血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)来提高抗氧化能力。李文茜[17]研究发现,丁酸梭菌可降低犊牛血清MDA含量,提高还原型谷胱甘肽含量。陈浅等[33]研究表明,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌具有提高断奶羔羊抗氧化能力的作用。李稳稳[23]研究发现,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可以使断奶羔羊的血清T-AOC及SOD、GSH-Px活性有效提高。邹函峪等[34]研究发现,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和凝结芽孢杆菌可有效提高肉鸭的抗氧化能力。同时有研究发现,每天添加8 g的丁酸梭菌(5×108 CFU/g)对犊牛的抗氧化能力和免疫功能有增强效果[16]。张环宇[35]研究发现,在豫东山羊基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌,丁酸梭菌组的血清T-AOC有高于对照组的趋势,同时可以显著降低血清MDA含量。在本试验中,添加丁酸梭菌后,14和42日龄哺乳犊牛血清SOD含量增加,28日龄血清MDA含量降低,可能是由于丁酸梭菌减少了犊牛血清中性粒细胞炎性浸润,使蛋白酶分泌减少,从而减少氧化中间产物的产生,提高犊牛抗氧化能力[14]。这说明在哺乳犊牛饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可以提高特定阶段哺乳犊牛抗氧化能力,结果尚需进一步验证。

3.3 丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛腹泻频率的影响

犊牛腹泻是犊牛常发的一种胃肠疾病[36],患病之后犊牛主要表现为便稀、呕吐、脱水等症状,如果不及时治疗可能会导致犊牛死亡[37]。凌欣华等[38]研究表明,在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌,可以有效防治仔猪的腹泻。吴云鹏等[39]研究表明,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可以减少断奶仔猪腹泻率。Wu等[40]研究发现,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可通过改善仔猪肠道健康从而缓解仔猪腹泻。何家俊等[16]研究发现,每天添加8 g的丁酸梭菌(5×108 CFU/g)可显著降低犊牛粪便中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量,对降低犊牛的腹泻率有较好的效果。同时有研究发现,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌能有效降低犊牛腹泻[41]。本试验中,添加丁酸梭菌可以有效降低哺乳犊牛的腹泻频率,与上述研究结果一致;同时测得一定时期血清SOD活性提高、MDA含量降低,表明犊牛抗氧化能力提高,进而提高了犊牛免疫力,降低了腹泻频率。关于饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌降低哺乳犊牛腹泻频率的机制有待进一步研究。

4 结论

丁酸梭菌对哺乳犊牛的生长性能无显著影响,但可提高14和42日龄哺乳犊牛血清SOD活性,降低28日龄血清MDA含量,降低腹泻频率。本试验条件下,0.8 g/d丁酸梭菌降低犊牛腹泻频率效果最好。
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