1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 原料 Ingredients | 含量 Content | 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 花生秧 Peanut seedling | 30.00 | 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.15 | |
| 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 10.00 | 粗蛋白质 CP | 13.29 | |
| 玉米 Corn | 30.51 | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 35.89 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 19.07 | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 20.13 | |
| 麸皮 Bran | 8.12 | 钙 Ca | 0.78 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.30 | 磷 P | 0.32 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kg of premix contained the following: VA 26 400 IU,VD 3 400 IU,VE 260 mg,Mn 48 mg,Zn 48 mg,Fe 60 mg,Cu 12 mg,Se 0.36 mg,I 0.3 mg,Co 0.12 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,根据《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021)计算而来,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, which calculated according to Nutritional Requirements of Meat Sheep (NY/T 816—2021), while the others were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计与方法
1.2.1 体外发酵试验设计
1.2.2 瘤胃体外发酵
1.2.2.1 瘤胃液采集与人工瘤胃液配制
1.2.2.2 体外发酵工艺
1.2.3 测定指标及方法
1.2.3.1 产气参数测定
GP=a+b(1-e-ct)。
1.2.3.2 养分降解率测定
养分降解率(%)=[(饲粮养分含量-发酵残渣养分含量)/饲粮养分含量]×100。
1.2.3.3 氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量和pH测定
1.3 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵产气量及产气参数的影响
表2 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵产气量及产气参数的影响Table 2 Effects of probiotic single and combinations on gas production and gas production parameters of rumen in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | K2 | Ha | Ma | K2+ Ha | Ha+ Ma | K2+ Ma | K2+Ha+ Ma | |||
| 产气量 Gas production/(mL/g) | ||||||||||
| 2 h | 8.17ab | 5.25b | 8.87b | 8.68b | 6.92b | 7.08b | 11.17a | 6.83b | 0.60 | <0.01 |
| 4 h | 18.08cd | 17.58d | 19.18cd | 22.13bc | 18.83cd | 24.52ab | 28.25a | 27.45a | 0.77 | <0.01 |
| 6 h | 91.27ab | 79.97cd | 73.83de | 85.68bc | 69.38e | 83.22bc | 95.17a | 67.00e | 1.70 | <0.01 |
| 8 h | 172.50ab | 196.03a | 132.83c | 172.17b | 111.33c | 174.18ab | 133.00c | 115.42c | 4.26 | <0.01 |
| 10 h | 171.75c | 169.25c | 184.23bc | 190.03bc | 183.33bc | 188.80bc | 228.50a | 204.67ab | 4.06 | <0.01 |
| 12 h | 204.85c | 190.13c | 211.83bc | 218.68bc | 212.08bc | 236.58ab | 252.78a | 230.08abc | 5.13 | <0.01 |
| 24 h | 283.25bcd | 282.25cd | 276.75cd | 320.50ab | 272.50d | 310.17abc | 323.17a | 311.83abc | 6.95 | <0.01 |
| 36 h | 428.67ab | 412.33bc | 421.63abc | 420.32abc | 388.38c | 446.67ab | 454.82a | 442.48ab | 4.81 | <0.01 |
| 48 h | 444.07cde | 431.48e | 448.00bcde | 458.77bcd | 433.17de | 465.18abc | 486.47a | 472.12ab | 4.79 | <0.01 |
| 产气参数 Gas production parameters | ||||||||||
| a/mL | 46.39c | 49.31bc | 49.28bc | 61.14a | 52.58b | 62.52a | 64.46a | 64.08a | 3.51 | <0.01 |
| b/mL | 541.35cd | 520.50d | 555.18abcd | 546.92bcd | 525.99d | 563.62abc | 581.76ab | 587.63a | 7.00 | <0.01 |
| c/(×103 h/%) | 0.05ab | 0.05ab | 0.05b | 0.06a | 0.05ab | 0.06a | 0.06a | 0.05ab | 0.00 | <0.01 |
| a+b/mL | 587.74d | 569.81e | 604.46c | 608.06c | 578.57de | 626.14b | 646.22a | 651.71a | 6.27 | <0.01 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或者无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 a:快速降解部分产气量;b:慢速降解部分产气量;c:b的产气速率;a+b:理论总产气量。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. a: gas production of fast-degradable fraction; b: gas production of slow-degradable fraction; c: rate of gas production of slow-degradable fraction; a+b: theoretical gas production. |
2.2 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵pH及NH3-N、MCP和VFA含量的影响
表3 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵pH及NH3-N、MCP含量的影响Table 3 Effects of probiotic single and combinations on pH and NH3-N、MCP contents of rumen in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | K2 | Ha | Ma | K2+ Ha | Ha+ Ma | K2+ Ma | K2+Ha+ Ma | |||
| pH | 6.00 | 5.90 | 6.07 | 5.90 | 5.87 | 6.03 | 5.97 | 5.97 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/ (mg/dL) | 35.70 | 35.77 | 34.47 | 35.63 | 34.23 | 33.97 | 30.33 | 33.87 | 0.57 | 0.30 |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP/ (mg/dL) | 0.39b | 0.38b | 0.41b | 0.38b | 0.41ab | 0.43ab | 0.47a | 0.40b | 0.01 | <0.01 |
表4 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响Table 4 Effects of probiotic single and combinations on VFA contents of of rumen in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Item | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | K2 | Ha | Ma | K2+ Ha | Ha+ Ma | K2+ Ma | K2+Ha+ Ma | |||
| 乙酸 Acetate/ (mmol/L) | 15.84 | 15.78 | 15.72 | 17.44 | 17.36 | 17.59 | 18.25 | 18.10 | 0.32 | 0.18 |
| 丙酸 Propionate/ (mmol/L) | 9.40b | 9.93ab | 10.41ab | 11.63ab | 11.77ab | 11.60ab | 12.49a | 10.63ab | 0.27 | 0.03 |
| 丁酸 Butyrate/ (mmol/L) | 9.68 | 8.96 | 9.69 | 10.24 | 9.70 | 10.68 | 11.20 | 9.62 | 0.63 | 0.39 |
| 戊酸 Valerate/ (mmol/L) | 4.23 | 4.63 | 4.61 | 4.63 | 5.01 | 4.40 | 4.63 | 4.50 | 0.19 | 0.41 |
| 总挥发性 脂肪酸 TVFA/ (mmol/L) | 39.15b | 39.30b | 40.43b | 43.94ab | 43.84ab | 44.27ab | 46.58a | 42.85ab | 1.04 | <0.01 |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/ propionate | 1.69 | 1.60 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.49 | 1.53 | 1.47 | 1.70 | 0.09 | 0.56 |
2.3 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵养分降解率的影响
表5 益生菌单菌及复配对瘤胃体外发酵养分降解率的影响Table 5 Effects of probiotic single and combinations on nutrient degradation rates of rumen in vitro fermentation% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | K2 | Ha | Ma | K2+ Ha | Ha+ Ma | K2+ Ma | K2+Ha+ Ma | |||
| 干物质 DM | 57.94b | 59.26b | 59.78b | 60.08ab | 60.14ab | 61.54ab | 63.65a | 60.56ab | 0.41 | <0.01 |
| 总能 GE | 56.68cd | 56.62cd | 57.30cd | 56.17d | 56.76cd | 60.90ab | 63.79a | 60.12bc | 0.53 | <0.01 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 77.01b | 77.82b | 77.57b | 79.60ab | 78.51b | 79.41ab | 82.48a | 80.02ab | 0.42 | <0.01 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 44.97bc | 44.53c | 44.33c | 45.73bc | 45.57bc | 50.40a | 48.27ab | 50.23a | 0.40 | <0.01 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 28.28c | 28.33c | 29.83c | 30.27bc | 29.92bc | 32.22ab | 30.28bc | 33.98a | 0.58 | <0.01 |

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