1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 53.37 |
| 膨化大豆 Extruded soybean | 10.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 16.00 |
| 乳清粉 Whey powder | 12.00 |
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 5.00 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.30 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 0.72 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.78 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.00 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-lysine·HCl | 0.39 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-methionine | 0.16 |
| L-色氨酸 L-tryptophan | 0.03 |
| L-苏氨酸 L-threonine | 0.15 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.10 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.47 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 18.47 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.54 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.71 |
| 全消化道标准可消化磷 STTD P | 0.48 |
| 标准回肠可消化赖氨酸 SID Lys | 1.53 |
| 标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸 SID Met | 0.49 |
| 标准回肠可消化色氨酸 SID Trp | 0.27 |
| 标准回肠可消化苏氨酸 SID Thr | 0.92 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 10 500 IU,VD 3 300 IU,VE 22.5 IU,VK 3 mg,VB2 7.5 mg,VB1 0.03 mg,K (as potassium iodide) 19 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 333 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 6 mg,Cu (as cupric chloride) 10 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 129 mg,Zn (as zincoxide) 400 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 500 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,烟酸 niacin 30 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 30 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the rest were calculated values. |
1.2 样品采集
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 饲粮营养成分
1.3.2 生长性能
1.3.3 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标
1.3.4 肠道组织形态
1.3.5 回肠黏膜中紧密连接相关基因表达
表2 引物序列信息Table 2 Primer sequence information |
| 基因 Genes | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | XM-021098896.1 | F:GAGGATGGTCACACCGTGGT R:GGAGGATGCTGTTGTCTCGC | 97 |
| 封闭蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | XM-001244539.1 | F:TCAATACAGGAGGGAAGCCAT R:ATATTTAAGGACCGCCCTCTCC | 144 |
| 闭合蛋白 Occludin | XM-005672525.3 | F:ATGCTTTCTCAGCCAGCGTA R:AAGGTTCCATAGCCTCGGTC | 113 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | XM-021091114.1 | F:GAAGGTCGGAGTGAACGGAT R:CATGGGTAGAATCATACTGGAACA | 132 |
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表3 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of AOS on growth performance of LBW weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 初重 Initial weight/kg | 7.90±0.31a | 5.67±0.54b | 5.66±0.55b | <0.001 |
| 末重 Final weight/kg | 13.55±2.02a | 9.39±1.84b | 9.36±1.59b | <0.001 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 209.79±33.70a | 137.65±54.71b | 135.84±54.86b | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 374.11±9.69a | 239.13±31.50b | 254.96±11.78b | <0.001 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.81±0.20 | 1.79±0.31 | 1.90±0.17 | 0.847 |
| 腹泻率 Diarrhea rate/% | 6.28±1.52 | 8.74±1.52 | 6.07±0.85 | 0.089 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响
表4 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of AOS on serum biochemical indexes of LBW weaned pigletsmmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 葡萄糖 GLU | 4.65±0.28 | 5.10±0.37 | 5.23±0.53 | 0.060 |
| 总胆固醇 TC | 2.40±0.54 | 2.41±0.59 | 2.26±0.38 | 0.768 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C | 1.32±0.27 | 1.58±0.19 | 1.30±0.22 | 0.099 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C | 1.29±0.37ab | 1.61±0.33a | 0.93±0.30b | 0.010 |
| 甘油三酯 TG | 0.15±0.05 | 0.12±0.07 | 0.11±0.04 | 0.398 |
2.3 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of AOS on serum antioxidant indexes of LBW weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 48.50±1.67ab | 46.70±4.06b | 51.99±2.75a | 0.024 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 31.86±1.39b | 32.07±2.60b | 41.59±0.73a | 0.001 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.28±1.17 | 4.48±0.79 | 3.79±0.82 | 0.449 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 1.75±0.36ab | 1.62±0.12b | 1.98±0.10a | 0.043 |
2.4 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响
表6 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of AOS on serum immune indexes of LBW weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 858.15±23.37b | 927.39±22.06a | 839.51±21.25b | 0.001 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 113.95±16.87 | 97.45±19.17 | 114.94±6.21 | 0.114 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 384.10±21.15b | 416.41±23.33a | 380.42±24.26b | 0.030 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA(mg/mL) | 1.29±0.17 | 1.26±0.23 | 1.30±0.26 | 0.949 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 17.36±1.22 | 17.46±1.55 | 17.54±0.97 | 0.972 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 18.51±0.53b | 18.13±0.16b | 19.35±0.66a | 0.002 |
2.5 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪肠道上皮屏障的影响
图1 各组断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织切片Fig.1 Tissue slices of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets in each group |
表7 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪肠道组织形态的影响Table 7 Effects of AOS on intestinal morphology of LBW weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | ||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 459.24±13.06 | 445.25±18.79 | 460.77±18.70 | 0.063 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 243.40±8.38 | 245.44±9.78 | 236.22±18.01 | 0.194 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 VH/CD ratio | 1.89±0.09 | 1.85±0.09 | 1.96±0.18 | 0.131 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | ||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 446.11±15.66ab | 431.22±19.71b | 452.49±25.38a | 0.036 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 238.58±11.20 | 239.20±18.87 | 229.14±14.48 | 0.207 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 VH/CD ratio | 1.87±0.13ab | 1.81±0.14b | 1.98±0.14a | 0.015 |
| 回肠 Ileum | ||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 451.57±12.51a | 431.99±15.69b | 458.92±19.55a | 0.001 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 254.07±8.97 | 258.07±8.96 | 249.54±11.91 | 0.092 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 VH/CD ratio | 1.78±0.06ab | 1.67±0.11b | 1.84±0.13a | 0.009 |
表8 AOS对LBW断奶仔猪回肠黏膜中紧密连接相关基因表达的影响Table 8 Effects of AOS on expression of tight junction-related genes in ileal mucosa of LBW weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBW | LBW | AOS | ||
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | 1.00±0.95a | 0.61±0.17b | 1.00±0.35a | 0.026 |
| 封闭蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | 1.00±0.19b | 0.85±0.27b | 1.42±0.36a | 0.020 |
| 闭合蛋白 Occludin | 1.00±0.19a | 0.65±0.22b | 1.12±0.15a | 0.005 |

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