1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物及饲粮
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredient | |
| 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | 30.00 |
| 玉米秸秆青贮 Corn straw silage | 52.00 |
| 花生藤 Peanut straw | 7.00 |
| 万寿菊粕 Marigold meal | 10.00 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.35 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.65 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 13.22 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 52.26 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 33.98 |
| 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 15.48 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VE 2 000 IU,VD 85 000 IU,VA 300 000 IU,Cu (as copper sulfate) 80 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 250 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 200 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 150 mg,Co (as cobalt sulfate) 2 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.5 mg。 2)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 试验设计与方法
1.3.1 常规营养成分测定
1.3.2 尼龙袋试验方法
1.4 降解率计算
1.4.1 瘤胃降解率计算
1.4.2 瘤胃有效降解率计算
1.5 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 粗饲料常规营养成分含量
表2 3种粗饲料的常规营养成分含量(风干基础)Table 2 Conventional nutritional composition contents in three roughages (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 象草 Elephant grass | 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质 DM | 92.47±0.03b | 93.95±0.05a | 94.01±0.11a | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 6.47±0.02c | 19.30±0.16b | 23.05±0.20a | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 9.11±0.08b | 9.81±0.22a | 9.43±0.04ab | 0.033 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 63.50±1.06a | 41.58±2.00b | 44.83±1.28b | 0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 34.75±0.71a | 31.22±0.12b | 34.72±1.04a | 0.026 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 粗饲料的营养物质瘤胃降解率
2.2.1 象草、苜蓿与白酒糟3种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率
表3 3种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 3 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of DM in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 象草 Elephant grass | 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 26.12±2.58b | 30.28±5.29b | 41.57±3.77a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 30.84±1.91b | 42.75±2.68a | 45.54±3.22a | <0.001 |
| 6 h | 30.91±2.80b | 46.93±2.41a | 45.68±3.35a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 42.09±4.42b | 47.51±5.59ab | 50.77±3.16a | 0.014 |
| 24 h | 52.45±4.91b | 58.98±5.62a | 52.18±1.70b | 0.029 |
| 48 h | 57.71±2.62b | 64.04±6.63a | 52.84±4.55b | 0.004 |
| 72 h | 61.69±3.13b | 70.28±5.04a | 55.56±2.97c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 20.98±0.19c | 32.89±0.52b | 35.77±0.58a | <0.001 |
| b/% | 46.86±0.97a | 47.93±1.01a | 20.76±0.80b | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.040±0.002a | 0.024±0.004b | 0.044±0.003a | 0.012 |
| ED/% | 47.24±0.97 | 53.52±2.73 | 47.95±1.37 | 0.075 |
a为快速降解部分;b为慢速降解部分;c为慢速降解部分的降解速率;ED为有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a is the fraction of immediately degraded;b is the fraction of slowly degraded;c is the degradation rate of the fraction of slowly degraded;and ED is the effective degradability. The same as below. |
2.2.2 象草、苜蓿与白酒糟3种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率
表4 3种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 4 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of CP in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 象草 Elephant grass | 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 24.09±2.53c | 28.83±0.69b | 52.60±2.58a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 24.77±3.37c | 46.34±0.53b | 59.35±6.88a | 0.001 |
| 6 h | 24.86±2.01c | 45.73±3.78b | 61.86±0.48a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 29.98±4.04b | 67.60±11.21a | 67.32±3.96a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 30.78±7.13b | 68.73±3.54a | 68.53±5.85a | 0.001 |
| 48 h | 47.24±5.25b | 71.77±3.26a | 69.63±3.17a | 0.001 |
| 72 h | 49.30±5.82c | 83.09±0.77a | 71.68±1.81b | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 23.41±0.35c | 32.14±0.77b | 35.32±0.47a | <0.001 |
| b/% | 46.11±0.21c | 53.20±0.74b | 58.91±0.38a | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.009±0.001b | 0.054±0.004a | 0.010±0.001b | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 33.33±0.34c | 66.04±2.04a | 49.13±0.22b | <0.001 |
2.2.3 象草、苜蓿与白酒糟3种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率
表5 3种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of DNF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 象草 Elephant grass | 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 14.24±1.11ab | 11.14±1.71b | 17.37±1.63a | 0.028 |
| 4 h | 16.13±1.71b | 16.39±1.19b | 20.93±0.82a | 0.012 |
| 6 h | 24.61±6.98 | 25.58±3.69 | 20.98±1.79 | 0.490 |
| 12 h | 31.16±5.36 | 25.94±1.12 | 27.25±2.93 | 0.356 |
| 24 h | 48.55±6.65a | 32.66±3.84b | 28.66±2.60b | 0.005 |
| 48 h | 56.95±2.53a | 39.68±5.17b | 29.22±3.42c | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 57.71±4.51a | 51.77±5.01a | 31.68±3.76b | 0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 9.43±0.02c | 13.66±1.44b | 18.35±0.32a | 0.004 |
| b/% | 53.43±7.17a | 63.09±7.37a | 15.13±0.13b | 0.008 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.049±0.017a | 0.015±0.005b | 0.082±0.002a | 0.017 |
| ED/% | 41.37±0.14a | 33.24±0.94b | 18.35±0.32c | <0.001 |
2.2.4 象草、苜蓿与白酒糟3种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率
表6 3种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of ADF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 象草 Elephant grass | 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 白酒糟 Distiller's grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 10.17±2.44b | 12.78±0.13b | 18.54±1.72a | 0.013 |
| 4 h | 12.09±0.65b | 18.76±2.86a | 19.71±1.10a | 0.004 |
| 6 h | 13.83±0.13c | 26.49±2.81a | 21.07±4.00b | 0.003 |
| 12 h | 20.87±2.91b | 37.21±4.19a | 23.72±4.00b | 0.024 |
| 24 h | 38.23±0.19a | 37.90±2.84a | 25.04±4.07b | 0.015 |
| 48 h | 52.80±3.53a | 45.74±3.56b | 26.48±2.22c | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 54.36±4.37a | 53.21±4.48a | 28.40±3.03b | 0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 5.44±0.57c | 10.02±1.01b | 18.19±0.88a | 0.001 |
| b/% | 54.23±0.89a | 39.70±0.94b | 12.31±0.55c | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.034±0.004b | 0.073±0.013a | 0.029±0.004b | 0.025 |
| ED/% | 33.55±1.54b | 37.70±0.11a | 24.11±0.70c | 0.002 |

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