1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮与饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 6~12周龄 6 to 12 weeks of age | 13~17周龄 13 to 17 weeks of age | 18~20 周龄 18 to 20 weeks of age | 21~24 周龄 21 to 24 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 代谢能水平 ME level/(MJ/kg) | 代谢能水平 ME level/(MJ/kg) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | ||||||||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 71.110 | 61.000 | 50.200 | 75.200 | 64.800 | 54.300 | 68.000 | 65.500 | |||||||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 25.670 | 27.600 | 29.400 | 20.800 | 22.700 | 24.500 | 24.000 | 23.500 | |||||||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.400 | 1.400 | 1.400 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 6.000 | 9.000 | |||||||||||
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 0.000 | 8.230 | 17.260 | 0.200 | 8.750 | 17.490 | 0.230 | 0.230 | |||||||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | |||||||||||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 | |||||||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.250 | |||||||||||
| 胆碱Choline (50%) | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.120 | 0.120 | |||||||||||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine | 0.150 | 0.160 | 0.170 | 0.150 | 0.150 | 0.160 | 0.200 | 0.200 | |||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 0.100 | 0.040 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
| 预混料Premix | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | |||||||||||
| 合计Total | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | |||||||||||
| 营养水平(计算值) Nutrient levels (calculated values) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 11.72 | 11.34 | |||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.50 | 17.50 | 17.50 | 15.50 | 15.50 | 15.50 | 16.50 | 16.00 | |||||||||||
| 可消化氨基酸Digestible amino acids | |||||||||||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.82 | |||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.73 | |||||||||||
| 色氨酸Try | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | |||||||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.61 | |||||||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 2.60 | 3.80 | |||||||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||||||
| 有效磷AP | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |||||||||||
| 营养水平(实测值) Nutrient levels ( measured values) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.75 | 17.59 | 17.63 | 15.61 | 15.58 | 15.58 | 16.59 | 16.04 | |||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.79 | |||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.45 | |||||||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 2.68 | 3.78 | |||||||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.54 | |||||||||||
预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 8 800 IU,VD3 3 300 IU,VE 20 IU,VB12 23 μg,核黄素 riboflavin 5.5 mg,烟酸 niacin 30 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 8 mg,VK3 1.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.75 mg,吡哆醇 pyridoxine 1.2 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 1.7 mg,生物素 biotin 55 μg,Cu [Cu2(OH)3Cl] 8.12 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 80.1 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·H2O) 80.04 mg,I [Ca(IO3)2] 1.2 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.3 mg。 |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 体重测定
1.3.2 屠宰测定
1.3.3 股骨、胫骨和跖骨测定
1.3.4 血液生化指标和激素水平测定
1.3.5 肝脏生化指标测定
1.3.6 卵巢类固醇激素生成关键基因表达测定
表2 qRT-PCR引物序列Table 2 Primer sequence for qRT-PCR |
| 基因 Genes | 登录号 Accession number | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 产物长度 Product length/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | NM_204305 | F:GAGGGTAGTGAAGGCTGCTG R:CACAACACGGTTGCTGTATC | 199 |
| 环腺苷酸反应元件结合蛋白1 CREB1 | NM_204450.3 | F:GCACAGACCACAGATGGACA R:TTCAAGCACAGCCACTCGAT | 285 |
| 类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白 StAR | NM_204686 | F:GTCCCTCGCAGACCAAGT R:TCCCTACTGTTAGCCCTGA | 196 |
| 细胞色素P450羟化酶11A1 CYP11A1 | NM_001001756 | F:GTGGACACGACTTCCATGACT R:GAGAGTCTCCTTGATGGCGG | 174 |
| 细胞色素P450羟化酶17A1 CYP17A1 | NM_001001901.3 | F:CTACCCCGAGGTCCAGAAGA R:GGAGTACTCACCGATGCTGG | 169 |
| 3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶 3β-HSD | NM_205118.2 | F:ATGTGGAATTCCTGCACCGT R:ACGTTGACTTCCCAGAGCAG | 112 |
| 细胞色素P450羟化酶1B1 CYP1B1 | XM_040668785.1 | F:GTGCCTGTTACCATCCCACA R:CACGGTGTCCTTGGGAATGA | 75 |
1.4 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡体重和屠体发育指标的影响
表3 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡体重和屠体发育指标的影响Table 3 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on body weight and carcass development indices of laying hens at 17, 20 and 24 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 代谢能水平ME level/(MJ/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 代谢能 ME | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||||||
| 17周龄17 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 体重Body weight/g | 1 474.3a | 1 404.9b | 1 249.8c | 8.460 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| 全净膛率Eviscerated carcass percentage/% | 74.46 | 73.09 | 73.26 | 0.537 | 0.324 | 0.229 | 0.369 | ||||||||
| 头比率Head percentage/% | 3.14b | 3.09b | 3.50a | 0.055 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.025 | ||||||||
| 膀率Wing percentage/% | 9.27 | 8.91 | 8.98 | 0.132 | 0.407 | 0.316 | 0.375 | ||||||||
| 脚比率Foot percentage/% | 3.63 | 3.73 | 3.69 | 0.051 | 0.655 | 0.571 | 0.476 | ||||||||
| 腿比率Quarter percentage/% | 23.63 | 21.86 | 22.09 | 0.540 | 0.108 | 0.089 | 0.192 | ||||||||
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage/% | 15.89 | 14.64 | 15.18 | 0.418 | 0.191 | 0.296 | 0.133 | ||||||||
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage/% | 1.46a | 1.35a | 0.36b | 0.238 | 0.039 | 0.049 | 0.333 | ||||||||
| 20周龄20 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 体重Body weight/g | 1 692.7a | 1 636.9b | 1 549.1c | 6.694 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.216 | ||||||||
| 全净膛率Eviscerated carcass percentage/% | 73.77 | 73.61 | 74.45 | 0.537 | 0.813 | 0.629 | 0.681 | ||||||||
| 头比率Head percentage/% | 2.76c | 2.96b | 3.05a | 0.055 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 0.624 | ||||||||
| 翅膀率Wing percentage/% | 8.27 | 8.39 | 8.41 | 0.132 | 0.906 | 0.688 | 0.864 | ||||||||
| 脚比率Foot percentage/% | 3.23 | 3.30 | 3.43 | 0.051 | 0.289 | 0.127 | 0.783 | ||||||||
| 腿比率Quarter percentage/% | 21.48 | 20.71 | 22.73 | 0.540 | 0.323 | 0.354 | 0.236 | ||||||||
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage/% | 14.43 | 14.25 | 16.17 | 0.418 | 0.114 | 0.085 | 0.219 | ||||||||
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage/% | 3.27a | 1.98b | 1.58c | 0.238 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.236 | ||||||||
| 24周龄24 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 体重Body weight/g | 1 907.6 | 1 919.4 | 1 884.3 | 6.331 | 0.071 | 0.136 | 0.078 | ||||||||
| 全净膛率Eviscerated carcass percentage/% | 67.86 | 68.89 | 67.56 | 0.439 | 0.457 | 0.783 | 0.229 | ||||||||
| 头比率Head percentage/% | 2.53b | 2.74ab | 2.92a | 0.070 | 0.047 | 0.025 | 0.887 | ||||||||
| 翅膀率Wing percentage/% | 7.49 | 7.19 | 7.44 | 0.113 | 0.538 | 0.853 | 0.280 | ||||||||
| 脚比率Foot percentage/% | 2.69 | 2.76 | 2.84 | 0.037 | 0.305 | 0.129 | 0.974 | ||||||||
| 腿比率Quarter percentage/% | 20.14 | 20.50 | 20.90 | 0.398 | 0.761 | 0.468 | 0.985 | ||||||||
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage/% | 14.16 | 14.43 | 14.96 | 0.288 | 0.548 | 0.289 | 0.836 | ||||||||
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage/% | 2.76 | 2.98 | 2.92 | 0.163 | 0.864 | 0.709 | 0.703 | ||||||||
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡内脏器官发育的影响
表4 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡内脏器官发育的影响Table 4 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on visceral organ development of laying hens at 17, 20 and 24 weeks of age % |
| 项目 Items | 代谢能水平ME level/(MJ/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 代谢能 ME | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||||||
| 17周龄17 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 心脏指数Heart index | 0.45a | 0.46a | 0.38b | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.043 | ||||||||
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 1.68 | 1.89 | 1.65 | 0.063 | 0.232 | 0.844 | 0.095 | ||||||||
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.017 | 0.384 | 0.359 | 0.302 | ||||||||
| 肺脏指数Lung index | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.030 | 0.346 | 0.699 | 0.166 | ||||||||
| 胰脏指数Pancreas index | 0.19b | 0.20ab | 0.23a | 0.007 | 0.038 | 0.029 | 0.442 | ||||||||
| 20周龄20 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 心脏指数Heart index | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.010 | 0.300 | 0.128 | 0.879 | ||||||||
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 1.38b | 1.48ab | 1.60a | 0.038 | 0.045 | 0.018 | 0.953 | ||||||||
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.009 | 0.907 | 0.684 | 0.875 | ||||||||
| 肺脏指数Lung index | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.025 | 0.107 | 0.196 | 0.086 | ||||||||
| 胰脏指数Pancreas index | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.005 | 0.453 | 0.311 | 0.461 | ||||||||
| 24周龄24 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 心脏指数Heart index | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.011 | 0.425 | 0.262 | 0.511 | ||||||||
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.70 | 0.047 | 0.437 | 0.359 | 0.369 | ||||||||
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.010 | 0.106 | 0.043 | 0.561 | ||||||||
| 肺脏指数Lung index | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.019 | 0.247 | 0.150 | 0.395 | ||||||||
| 胰脏指数Pancreas index | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.007 | 0.352 | 0.215 | 0.466 | ||||||||
2.3 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡股骨、胫骨和跖骨发育指标的影响
表5 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡股骨、胫骨和跖骨发育指标的影响Table 5 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on femur, tibia and metatarsal development indices of laying hens at 17, 20 and 24 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 代谢能水平ME level/(MJ/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 代谢能 ME | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||||||
| 17周龄17 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 股骨长Femur length/cm | 8.65 | 8.69 | 8.49 | 0.056 | 0.327 | 0.255 | 0.330 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长Tibia length/cm | 12.11 | 12.22 | 12.09 | 0.066 | 0.730 | 0.915 | 0.439 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长Metatarsal length/cm | 7.91 | 8.09 | 7.96 | 0.055 | 0.397 | 0.736 | 0.194 | ||||||||
| 股骨重Femur weight/g | 9.24 | 9.21 | 8.43 | 0.181 | 0.113 | 0.065 | 0.309 | ||||||||
| 胫骨重Tibia weight/g | 11.17a | 11.00ab | 10.21b | 0.190 | 0.044 | 0.038 | 0.412 | ||||||||
| 跖骨重Metatarsal weight/g | 5.13 | 5.26 | 4.94 | 0.092 | 0.379 | 0.402 | 0.268 | ||||||||
| 股骨长度体重比 Ratio of femur length to weight/(cm/kg) | 6.13b | 6.55b | 7.02a | 0.120 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.884 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长度体重比 Ratio of tibia length to weight/(cm/kg) | 8.59b | 9.21b | 10.00a | 0.182 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.746 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长度体重比 Ratio of metatarsal length to weight/(cm/kg) | 5.61b | 6.11ab | 6.58a | 0.134 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.963 | ||||||||
| 股骨指数Femur index/(g/kg) | 6.55 | 6.93 | 6.97 | 0.135 | 0.397 | 0.226 | 0.550 | ||||||||
| 胫骨指数Tibia index/(g/kg) | 7.91 | 8.32 | 8.44 | 0.178 | 0.481 | 0.256 | 0.714 | ||||||||
| 跖骨指数Metatarsal index/(g/kg) | 3.64b | 3.97ab | 4.08a | 0.088 | 0.048 | 0.040 | 0.546 | ||||||||
| 20周龄20 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 股骨长Femur length/cm | 8.79 | 8.57 | 8.63 | 0.050 | 0.184 | 0.199 | 0.179 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长Tibia length/cm | 12.35 | 12.16 | 12.33 | 0.064 | 0.452 | 0.876 | 0.218 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长Metatarsal length/cm | 8.19 | 8.11 | 8.08 | 0.050 | 0.629 | 0.360 | 0.803 | ||||||||
| 股骨重Femur weight/g | 9.82a | 8.87b | 8.65b | 0.163 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.149 | ||||||||
| 胫骨重Tibia weight/g | 11.62a | 10.38b | 10.05b | 0.256 | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.329 | ||||||||
| 跖骨重Metatarsal weight/g | 5.73a | 5.35ab | 5.12b | 0.106 | 0.044 | 0.015 | 0.704 | ||||||||
| 股骨长度体重比 Ratio of femur length to weight/(cm/kg) | 5.43b | 5.49b | 5.80a | 0.059 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.218 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长度体重比 Ratio of tibia length to weight/(cm/kg) | 7.63b | 7.78b | 8.29a | 0.086 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.153 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长度体重比 Ratio of metatarsal length to weight/(cm/kg) | 5.06b | 5.19ab | 5.43a | 0.058 | 0.020 | 0.006 | 0.606 | ||||||||
| 股骨指数Femur index/(g/kg) | 6.06a | 5.67b | 5.81ab | 0.064 | 0.029 | 0.078 | 0.033 | ||||||||
| 胫骨指数Tibia index/(g/kg) | 7.18 | 6.64 | 6.75 | 0.134 | 0.240 | 0.202 | 0.261 | ||||||||
| 跖骨指数Metatarsal index/(g/kg) | 3.54 | 3.43 | 3.44 | 0.054 | 0.672 | 0.473 | 0.609 | ||||||||
| 24周龄24 weeks of age | |||||||||||||||
| 股骨长Femur length/cm | 8.66 | 8.56 | 8.02 | 0.185 | 0.331 | 0.173 | 0.570 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长Tibia length/cm | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.06 | 0.085 | 0.945 | 0.778 | 0.864 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长Metatarsal length/cm | 8.01 | 8.03 | 8.05 | 0.052 | 0.948 | 0.752 | 0.955 | ||||||||
| 股骨重Femur weight/g | 9.98 | 9.88 | 9.45 | 0.148 | 0.311 | 0.156 | 0.598 | ||||||||
| 胫骨重Tibia weight/g | 11.47 | 11.12 | 10.88 | 0.196 | 0.501 | 0.251 | 0.892 | ||||||||
| 跖骨重Metatarsal weight/g | 5.37 | 5.30 | 4.97 | 0.108 | 0.283 | 0.143 | 0.560 | ||||||||
| 股骨长度体重比 Ratio of femur length to weight/(cm/kg) | 4.47 | 4.50 | 4.46 | 0.099 | 0.985 | 0.964 | 0.868 | ||||||||
| 胫骨长度体重比 Ratio of tibia length to weight/(cm/kg) | 6.26 | 6.38 | 6.74 | 0.101 | 0.136 | 0.058 | 0.556 | ||||||||
| 跖骨长度体重比 Ratio of metatarsal length to weight/(cm/kg) | 4.13 | 4.23 | 4.50 | 0.068 | 0.066 | 0.027 | 0.493 | ||||||||
| 股骨指数Femur index/(g/kg) | 5.15 | 5.21 | 5.27 | 0.094 | 0.898 | 0.649 | 0.988 | ||||||||
| 胫骨指数Tibia index/(g/kg) | 5.92 | 5.85 | 6.07 | 0.117 | 0.771 | 0.644 | 0.587 | ||||||||
| 跖骨指数Metatarsal index/(g/kg) | 2.77 | 2.79 | 2.77 | 0.058 | 0.992 | 0.983 | 0.901 | ||||||||
2.4 6~17周龄能量限饲对24周龄蛋鸡血清和肝脏生化指标的影响
表6 6~17周龄能量限饲对24周龄蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on serum biochemical indices of laying hens at 24 weeks of age mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 代谢能水平ME level/(MJ/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 代谢能 ME | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 葡萄糖GLU | 11.44 | 11.96 | 12.19 | 0.159 | 0.145 | 0.059 | 0.652 |
| 尿素氮UN | 15.04a | 12.89b | 12.12b | 0.418 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.309 |
| 钙Ca | 0.264b | 0.401a | 0.252b | 0.026 | 0.019 | 0.830 | 0.006 |
| 磷P | 1.63 | 1.77 | 1.69 | 0.091 | 0.839 | 0.797 | 0.600 |
| 甘油三酯TG | 11.95 | 10.28 | 6.80 | 1.157 | 0.183 | 0.075 | 0.703 |
| 总胆固醇TC | 3.27 | 3.03 | 2.88 | 0.158 | 0.630 | 0.350 | 0.889 |
| 游离脂肪酸NEFA | 0.282 | 0.471 | 0.262 | 0.046 | 0.118 | 0.849 | 0.042 |
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL | 0.416b | 0.478ab | 0.552a | 0.022 | 0.036 | 0.011 | 0.883 |
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL | 1.50 | 1.36 | 1.16 | 0.102 | 0.428 | 0.203 | 0.880 |
表7 6~17周龄能量限饲对24周龄蛋鸡肝脏生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on liver biochemical indices of laying hens at 24 weeks of age mmol/g prot |
| 项目 Items | 代谢能水平ME level/(MJ/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.34 | 11.11 | 9.87 | 代谢能 ME | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 甘油三酯TG | 0.305 | 0.349 | 0.312 | 0.026 | 0.782 | 0.922 | 0.495 |
| 总胆固醇TC | 1.72 | 1.42 | 1.31 | 0.087 | 0.143 | 0.060 | 0.590 |
| 游离脂肪酸NEFA | 0.330 | 0.307 | 0.260 | 0.027 | 0.579 | 0.311 | 0.847 |
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL | 1.40 | 1.48 | 1.52 | 0.101 | 0.907 | 0.673 | 0.916 |
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL | 0.335 | 0.297 | 0.269 | 0.028 | 0.668 | 0.380 | 0.932 |
2.5 6~17周龄能量限饲对24周龄蛋鸡血浆雌二醇和孕酮水平的影响
图1 6~17周龄能量限饲对24周龄蛋鸡血浆雌二醇和孕酮水平的影响数据柱标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.1 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels of laying hens at 24 weeks of age Value columns with the same small or no letter mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.6 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡卵巢类固醇激素生成关键基因表达的影响
图2 6~17周龄能量限饲对17、20和24周龄蛋鸡卵巢基质部类固醇激素生成相关基因表达的影响StAR:类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein;CYP11A1:细胞色素P450羟化酶11A1 cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 11A1;CREB1:环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1;CYP17A1:细胞色素P450羟化酶17A1 cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 17A1;3β-HSD:3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶 3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase;CYP1B1:细胞色素P450羟化酶1B1 cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 1B1。下图同 the same as below. Fig.2 Effects of energy-restricted feeding from 6 to 17 weeks of age on expression of genes related to steroid hormone production in ovary stroma of laying hens at 17, 20 and 24 weeks of age |

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