1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | ||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||||
| 燕麦青干草Oat green hay | 5.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 | ||||||||
| 青稞秸秆Highland barley straw | 70.00 | 55.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 20.00 | ||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 2.00 | 9.20 | 15.00 | 9.00 | 11.80 | 30.80 | |||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 13.20 | 14.00 | 12.60 | 19.50 | 22.20 | 26.00 | |||||||
| 小麦Wheat | 4.00 | 9.20 | 7.00 | 11.00 | 1.60 | ||||||||
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 13.90 | 11.90 | 12.00 | 13.20 | 13.30 | 9.50 | |||||||
| 碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.80 | |||||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.40 | |||||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |||||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||||
| 代谢能1 ME1/(MJ/kg) | 6.96 | 7.74 | 8.54 | 8.48 | 9.08 | 10.00 | |||||||
| 代谢能2 ME2/(MJ/kg) | 6.40 | 7.20 | 8.00 | 8.05 | 9.06 | 10.07 | |||||||
| 干物质DM | 87.76 | 87.83 | 87.70 | 87.63 | 87.24 | 87.16 | |||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 10.41 | 11.65 | 12.88 | 15.29 | 16.95 | 18.87 | |||||||
| 代谢蛋白质MP | 41.04 | 47.64 | 54.19 | 67.02 | 75.85 | 86.07 | |||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 58.98 | 51.46 | 43.30 | 43.89 | 37.38 | 30.67 | |||||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 37.14 | 32.10 | 26.03 | 26.44 | 22.03 | 17.34 | |||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.62 | |||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.41 | |||||||
1)每千克预混料中含有 One kilogram of premix contained the following:VE 200 IU,VD3 5×104~3×105 IU,VA 3×105~9.5×105 IU,生物素 biotin 8 mg,Se 20~40 mg,I 10~25 mg,Fe 3 000~6 000 mg,Mn 2 000~4 000 mg,Zn 4 000~7 000 mg,Cu 1 200~1 800 mg。 2)代谢能1为计算值,根据饲料原料及配比进行计算,其中饲料原料能值情况参照“中国饲料数据库”(https://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn/admin/Zylist/index?type=feednutrientsheep),代谢能2为按照NRC(2007)中的推荐量得出的理论值。代谢蛋白质为计算值,计算公式为代谢蛋白质=5.323×粗蛋白质-14.374[8]。粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和总磷均为实测值,参照的标准分别为GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 20806—2022、NY/T 1459—2022、GB/T 6436—2018、GB/T 6437—2018。The calculated value of ME1 was calculated according to feed raw materials and ratio. The energy value of feed raw materials refereed to the “China’s Feed Database” (https://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn/admin/Zylist/index?type=feednutrientsheep), ME2 is a theoretical value based on the recommended amount in NRC(2007). MP is a calculated value, and the computational formula is MP=5.323×CP-14.374[8]. CP, NDF, ADF, Ca and TP were measured values, and they were determined according to the GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 20806—2022, NY/T 1459—2022, GB/T 6436—2018 and GB/T 6437—2018. |
1.2 测定指标及方法
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊生长性能的影响
表2 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different relative feeding levels on growth performance of Tibetan Gamba sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | ||||||||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 17.90±0.64 | 17.75±1.02 | 17.74±1.10 | 17.90±1.00 | 17.96±0.69 | 18.41±0.77 | |||||||
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 24.78±1.84c | 28.53±1.80b | 27.99±1.30b | 28.54±1.12b | 29.95±1.88ab | 31.01±1.23a | |||||||
| 净增重NG/kg | 6.88±1.65c | 10.78±2.33b | 10.25±1.15b | 10.64±0.40b | 11.99±1.35ab | 12.60±0.87a | |||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 104.17±25.00c | 163.38±35.28b | 155.30±17.45b | 180.37±6.75b | 203.25±22.80ab | 213.56±14.51a | |||||||
| 干物质采食量 DMI/(g/d) | 871.40±19.70c | 856.34±4.15d | 871.74±2.80c | 982.14±4.33ab | 974.40±7.51b | 993.21±6.19a | |||||||
| 料重比F/G | 9.00±2.76a | 5.42±0.92b | 5.69±0.68b | 5.45±0.20b | 4.86±0.56b | 4.67±0.34b | |||||||
| 饲料成本 Feed cost/(元/只) | 199.12±4.56f | 212.93±1.93e | 226.19±0.73d | 235.86±1.14c | 241.89±1.86b | 258.97±1.61a | |||||||
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊屠宰性能的影响
表3 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of different relative feeding levels on slaughter performance of Tibetan Gamba sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | |
| 宰前活重 Live body weight/kg | 23.67±0.25e | 25.53±0.09d | 28.60±0.85b | 27.20±0.43c | 28.73±0.25b | 33.33±0.57a |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/kg | 9.53±0.41c | 11.60±0.33b | 12.80±0.43b | 12.47±0.25b | 12.53±0.52b | 16.00±0.59a |
| 屠宰率 Dressing rate/% | 40.30±2.15c | 45.43±1.14b | 44.78±1.64b | 45.83±0.22ab | 43.61±1.46b | 47.99±1.01a |
| 羊毛重 Wool weight/g | 425.67±295.49 | 330.33±152.60 | 596.17±277.64 | 643.23±125.35 | 470.23±232.76 | 410.40±247.62 |
| 净肉重 Net meat weight/kg | 5.92±0.20d | 7.25±0.25c | 8.16±0.46b | 7.84±0.36b | 8.00±0.12b | 10.48±0.07a |
| 骨重 Bone weight/kg | 1.43±0.08b | 1.67±0.07b | 2.32±2.12a | 1.77±0.16ab | 1.76±0.12ab | 2.15±0.30a |
| 净肉率 Net meat percentage/% | 25.02±1.04c | 28.41±0.91b | 28.56±1.90b | 28.82±1.02b | 27.84±0.37b | 31.45±0.46a |
| 胴体净肉率 Net meat percentage of carcass/% | 62.16±2.17 | 62.53±1.06 | 63.71±1.96 | 62.88±4.45 | 63.92±2.27 | 65.58±2.28 |
| 肉骨比 Meat-bone ratio/% | 4.16±0.13 | 4.35±0.05 | 3.97±0.78 | 4.45±0.41 | 4.57±0.36 | 5.00±0.81 |
| 皮重 Skin weight/kg | 1.96±0.26b | 1.74±0.21b | 2.17±0.19ab | 1.90±0.26b | 2.20±0.25ab | 2.57±0.17a |
| 头重 Head weight/kg | 1.23±0.04d | 1.42±0.12cd | 1.50±0.02bc | 1.50±0.16bc | 1.62±0.03b | 1.82±0.07a |
| 血重 Blood weight/kg | 0.31±0.09 | 0.46±0.09 | 0.35±0.16 | 0.43±0.15 | 0.48±0.14 | 0.48±0.17 |
| 蹄重 Hoof weight/kg | 0.42±0.03d | 0.54±0.04c | 0.57±0.05bc | 0.57±0.03bc | 0.68±0.09ab | 0.74±0.04a |
| 腹脂重 Abdominal fat weight/kg | 0.28±0.14b | 0.37±0.07b | 0.49±0.08ab | 0.52±0.02ab | 0.36±0.07b | 0.67±0.25a |
2.3 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊内脏器官重量及指数的影响
表4 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊内脏器官重量及指数的影响Table 4 Effects of different relative feeding levels on visceral organ weights and indexes of Tibetan Gamba sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | ||
心脏 Heart | 重量Weight/g | 146.87±20.03 | 157.07±27.03 | 203.00±29.03 | 279.33±129.71 | 174.87±14.45 | 247.90±142.99 |
| 指数Index/% | 1.74±1.53 | 0.61±0.10 | 0.71±0.11 | 1.02±0.46 | 0.61±0.05 | 0.74±0.05 | |
肝脏 Liver | 重量Weight/g | 287.13±28.49cd | 358.30±31.86c | 413.33±40.19bc | 268.13±17.69d | 476.00±38.55b | 661.03±38.64a |
| 指数Index/% | 1.21±0.12cd | 1.40±0.12c | 1.45±0.15bc | 0.99±0.07d | 1.66±0.12b | 1.98±0.09a | |
脾脏 Spleen | 重量Weight/g | 28.30±5.39b | 29.80±1.79b | 36.33±4.50ab | 30.77±0.87b | 30.33±8.22b | 46.13±10.12a |
| 指数Index/% | 0.12±0.02b | 0.12±0.01b | 0.13±0.01ab | 0.11±0.00b | 0.11±0.03b | 0.14±0.03a | |
肺脏 Lung | 重量Weight/g | 224.63±50.24 | 266.50±20.24 | 265.67±17.82 | 292.17±36.61 | 289.57±22.54 | 325.67±131.66 |
| 指数Index/% | 0.95±0.21 | 1.04±0.08 | 0.93±0.04 | 1.08±0.14 | 1.01±0.08 | 0.98±0.41 | |
肾脏 Kidney | 重量Weight/g | 77.93±16.43 | 74.63±3.39 | 84.67±1.70 | 133.00±82.73 | 126.20±43.32 | 117.33±25.37 |
| 指数Index/% | 0.33±0.07 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.48±0.29 | 1.32±1.40 | 0.35±0.08 | |
睾丸 Testis | 重量Weight/g | 303.50±8.50c | 388.13±27.18bc | 418.33±17.00ab | 458.37±76.36ab | 446.70±39.27ab | 496.97±47.66a |
| 指数Index/% | 1.28±0.02c | 1.52±0.11bc | 1.46±0.02ab | 1.68±0.25ab | 1.62±0.15ab | 1.49±0.16a | |
2.4 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊消化器官重量及指数的影响
表5 不同相对饲养水平对西藏岗巴绵羊消化器官重量及指数的影响Table 5 Effects of different relative feeding levels on digestive organ weights and indexes of Tibetan Gamba sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | ||||||||||||||||
瘤胃 Rumen | 重量 Weight/g | 508.00 ±29.81b | 568.97 ±28.19b | 587.03 ±105.71b | 508.73 ±44.47b | 500.67 ±82.45b | 772.00 ±55.90a | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 2.15 ±0.11b | 2.23 ±0.10b | 2.06 ±0.38b | 1.87 ±0.17b | 1.74 ±0.27b | 2.32 ±0.17a | |||||||||||||||
网胃 Reticulum | 重量 Weight/g | 108.67 ±25.46ab | 69.93 ±17.40b | 127.50 ±35.88ab | 93.63 ±4.45b | 73.67 ±23.46b | 192.00 ±84.72a | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 0.46 ±0.10ab | 0.27 ±0.07b | 0.44 ±0.12ab | 0.34 ±0.02b | 0.26 ±0.08b | 0.57 ±0.25a | |||||||||||||||
瓣胃 Omasum | 重量 Weight/g | 137.57 ±31.04b | 132.57 ±19.61b | 133.67 ±17.93b | 125.63 ±58.25b | 162.00 ±12.03ab | 222.00 ±59.31a | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 0.58 ±0.13b | 0.52 ±0.08b | 0.47 ±0.06b | 0.46 ±0.22b | 0.56 ±0.04ab | 0.66 ±0.17a | |||||||||||||||
皱胃 Abomasum | 重量 Weight/g | 108.47 ±37.16ab | 87.23 ±8.02b | 141.13 ±32.33a | 89.50 ±15.05b | 100.00 ±7.48ab | 86.33 ±8.06b | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 0.46 ±0.16ab | 0.34 ±0.03b | 0.50 ±0.12a | 0.33 ±0.06b | 0.35 ±0.03ab | 0.26 ±0.03b | |||||||||||||||
小肠 Small intestine | 重量 Weight/g | 428.10 ±67.09b | 401.77 ±45.48b | 414.93 ±45.38b | 473.30 ±82.43ab | 323.00 ±43.30b | 606.33 ±296.15a | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 1.81 ±0.29b | 1.57 ±0.17b | 1.45 ±0.18b | 1.74 ±0.29ab | 1.12 ±0.16b | 1.99 ±0.50a | |||||||||||||||
大肠 Large intestine | 重量 Weight/g | 297.53 ±121.92b | 580.20 ±115.74ab | 708.63 ±202.84ab | 825.30 ±110.49a | 606.33 ±296.15ab | 326.67 ±170.41b | ||||||||||||||
| 指数 Index/% | 1.26 ±0.52b | 2.27 ±0.46ab | 2.47 ±0.67ab | 3.04 ±0.42a | 2.11 ±1.04ab | 0.98 ±0.52b | |||||||||||||||

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