1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计与试验饲料
1.2 试验用鱼和饲养管理
1.3 样品采集
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 生长性能计算
1.4.2 常规营养成分分析
1.4.3 肠道组织结构观察
1.4.4 肝脏抗氧化指标和血清免疫指标测定
1.5 肠道微生物组学和代谢组学分析
1.6 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响
表1 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响Table 1 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on growth performance of juvenile large yellow croaker |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | PP8 | ||
| 初始体重IBW/g | 9.56±0.54 | 9.50±0.59 | 9.57±0.50 | 0.904 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 19.61±4.21 | 21.25±4.59 | 20.80±4.90 | 0.363 |
| 存活率SR/% | 94.54±2.10 | 93.22±1.10 | 90.06±2.26 | 0.065 |
| 增重率WGR/% | 96.10±42.05 | 112.47±45.91 | 107.97±51.90 | 0.363 |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 1.16±0.36 | 1.31±0.36 | 1.26±0.30 | 0.317 |
| 肝体比HSI/% | 0.91±0.58 | 0.85±0.48 | 1.16±0.64 | 0.130 |
| 脏体比VSI/% | 6.15±1.82b | 8.05±3.03a | 8.44±2.75a | 0.003 |
| 肥满度CF/% | 1.03±0.15 | 1.01±0.79 | 1.10±0.17 | 0.066 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 戊糖片球菌大黄鱼幼鱼体成分的影响
表2 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼体成分的影响Table 2 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on body composition of juvenile large yellow croaker % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | PP8 | ||
| 肌肉Muscle | ||||
| 水分Moisture | 73.82±1.53b | 76.84±0.54a | 76.21±0.29a | 0.018 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 7.91±0.46a | 5.18±0.29b | 6.25±0.30b | 0.002 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 16.84±1.02 | 17.65±0.24 | 18.08±0.20 | 0.116 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 0.97±0.08 | 1.06±0.11 | 0.91±0.26 | 0.568 |
| 全鱼Whole fish | ||||
| 水分Moisture | 77.81±0.50a | 78.32±0.41a | 75.85±0.18b | 0.001 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 5.95±0.40 | 5.89±2.52 | 8.43±0.43 | 0.138 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 15.44±0.53 | 15.46±0.15 | 15.51±0.43 | 0.978 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 2.75±0.95 | 3.18±0.14 | 3.41±0.83 | 0.568 |
2.3 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构的影响
图1 肠道组织切片a:PP0组肠道组织切片 intestinal tissue section of PP0 group (4×);b:PP7组肠道组织切片 intestinal tissue section of PP7 group (4×);c:PP8组肠道组织切片 intestinal tissue section of PP8 group (4×)。 Fig.1 Intestinal tissue section |
表3 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构的影响Table 3 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on intestinal tissue structure of juvenile large yellow croaker |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | PP8 | ||
| 绒毛长度Villus length/μm | 391.73±16.47 | 373.76±20.72 | 409.13±32.62 | 0.278 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 51.50±11.95a | 28.93±3.21b | 27.40±4.07b | 0.013 |
| 黏膜厚度Mucosal thickness/μm | 15.33±4.15 | 13.13±3.01 | 15.93±1.88 | 0.553 |
| 肌层厚度Muscular thickness/μm | 26.30±1.31b | 19.36±3.58b | 42.92±5.02a | 0.001 |
| 绒隐比Villus length/crypt depth ratio | 7.90±2.06b | 13.07±2.15a | 15.23±3.03a | 0.026 |
2.4 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化指标和血清免疫指标的影响
表4 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化指标和血清免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on liver antioxidant indexes and serum immune indexes of juvenile large yellow croaker |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | PP8 | ||
| 肝脏Liver | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg prot) | 144.53±42.19 | 154.18±46.35 | 125.60±38.00 | 0.508 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(nmol/mg prot) | 150.33±15.12b | 193.36±3.23a | 153.58±9.60b | 0.004 |
| 酸性磷酸酶ACP/(U/g prot) | 80.51±11.79 | 93.01±4.57 | 85.22±7.30 | 0.263 |
| 碱性磷酸酶AKP/(U/g prot) | 35.82±2.76b | 55.47±2.93ab | 60.30±16.72a | 0.049 |
| 血清Serum | ||||
| 酸性磷酸酶ACP/(U/dL) | 21.31±0.57 | 20.64±0.10 | 21.34±1.73 | 0.670 |
| 碱性磷酸酶AKP/(U/dL) | 13.58±0.62b | 16.04±0.37a | 15.65±0.43a | 0.002 |
| 溶菌酶LZM/(μg/mL) | 0.17±0.05b | 0.63±0.20a | 0.35±0.14b | 0.001 |
2.5 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道微生物的影响
表5 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道微生物Alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on Alpha diversity of intestinal microbes of juvenile large yellow croaker |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | ||
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 774.83±86.01 | 862.66±14.29 | 0.156 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 99.74±0.02 | 99.76±0.00 | 0.411 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 9.11±0.14 | 9.24±0.03 | 0.195 |
| PD_whole_tree指数PD_whole_tree index | 74.44±2.63b | 79.77±1.19a | 0.033 |
表6 PP0和PP7组大黄鱼幼鱼肠道微生物中相对丰度差异显著的菌门和菌属Table 6 Relative abundances of bacterial phyla and bacterial genera with significant difference in intestinal microbes of juvenile large yellow croaker in PP0 and PP7 groups % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | ||||||
| 门水平Phylum level | |||||||
| 芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota | 3.059 7±0.050 0a | 2.827 1±0.010 6b | 0.010 | ||||
| 疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota | 0.616 5±0.017 7a | 0.525 6±0.026 9b | 0.048 | ||||
| 互养菌门Synergistota | 0.084 3±0.006 0b | 0.153 0±0.019 8a | 0.029 | ||||
| 属水平Genus level | |||||||
| 粪厌氧菌属Anaerostipes | 0.016 9±0.016 9b | 0.092 7±0.008 9a | 0.017 | ||||
| 厌氧棍状菌属Anaerotruncus | 0.033 2±0.017 4b | 0.082 5±0.002 9a | 0.049 | ||||
| 蛭弧菌属Bdellovibrio | 0.019 5±0.019 5b | 0.081 8±0.010 7a | 0.049 | ||||
| 博斯氏菌属Bosea | 0.000 0±0.000 0b | 0.065 2±0.005 4a | <0.001 | ||||
| 乳球菌属Lactococcus | 0.028 8±0.006 8b | 0.060 5±0.006 6a | 0.029 | ||||
| 巨单胞菌属Megamonas | 0.332 0±0.011 2b | 0.397 1±0.014 7a | 0.024 | ||||
| 平螺纹丝菌属Planifilum | 0.000 0±0.000 0b | 0.040 4±0.009 3a | 0.012 | ||||
| 诺卡氏菌属Nocardioides | 0.213 3±0.031 0a | 0.033 1±0.017 8b | 0.007 | ||||
| 不黏柄菌属Asticcacaulis | 0.062 9±0.005 0a | 0.010 9±0.010 9b | 0.012 | ||||
| 艾琳6067菌属Ellin6067 | 0.537 2±0.013 2a | 0.448 4±0.023 6b | 0.030 | ||||
2.6 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道微生物代谢物的影响
表7 戊糖片球菌对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道微生物代谢物的影响Table 7 Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus on metabolites of intestinal microbes of juvenile large yellow croaker |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PP0 | PP7 | ||
| 天冬酰胺-赖氨酸Asn-Lys | 464.27±35.92b | 742.28±70.18a | 0.004 |
| 替西罗莫司Temsirolimus | 311.16±133.47b | 1 127.76±156.00a | 0.002 |
| 硝酸甘油Nitroglycerin | 57.82±2.22b | 72.37±2.77a | 0.002 |
| 尿皮质醇Urocortisol | 116.82±4.68a | 61.83±6.21b | <0.001 |
| 加兰他敏Galantamine | 18.36±3.66a | 2.13±3.68b | 0.006 |
| 鹅肌肽Anserine | 53.52±3.53a | 27.72±5.02b | 0.002 |
| 环索奈德Cielesonide | 119.49±10.51a | 65.70±6.02b | 0.002 |
| 内吗啡肽-2 Endomorphin-2 | 52.63±7.16a | 8.60±9.48b | 0.003 |
| 喹那普利Quinapril | 84.71±12.58a | 38.72±10.62b | 0.008 |
| 硫酸盐Sulfate | 86.61±8.70a | 45.96±9.70b | 0.006 |

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