1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲粮
表1 试验1饲粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets for experiment 1 (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 挤压膨化组 Extruded group | 酶制剂组 Enzyme preparation group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 小麦Wheat | 96.70 | 96.70 | |
| 挤压膨化小麦Extruded wheat | 96.70 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| 三氧化二铬Gr2 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 预混料Premix2) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 复合酶制剂Complex enzyme preparation/(g/t)3) | 60 | ||
| 植酸酶Phytase/(g/t)4) | 300 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels5) | |||
| 干物质Dry matter | 88.62 | 91.72 | 88.71 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 13.17 | 12.43 | 13.86 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 10.52 | 12.21 | 10.21 |
| 总能Gross energy/(MJ/kg) | 15.99 | 16.64 | 15.99 |
| 钙Calcium | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.63 |
| 磷Phosphorus | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.45 |
1)试验1使用全收粪法,但也加入了三氧化二铬(Cr2O3),旨在后续对2种方法进行对比。Experiment 1 used the total fecal collection method but also added chromium oxide(Cr2O3) to compare the two methods in the future. | |
2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets: VD3 6 000 IU,VA 14 000 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 2.5 mg,VB12 20.0 μg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB5 12.5 mg,VB3 40.0 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 550.0 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.7 mg,VB1 2.5 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,VH 70.0 μg,Mn (MnO) 65.0 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 100.0 mg,Zn (ZnO) 75.0 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 92.5 mg,I (KI) 0.3 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.3 mg。表2同 the same as Table 2。 | |
3)复合酶制剂包含木聚糖酶(活性≥8×105 BXU/g)和β-葡聚糖酶(活性≥2×105 BU/g)。酶的添加量未计入饲粮配方。表2同。The complex enzyme preparation consists of xylanase (activity≥8×105 BXU/g) and β-glucanase (activity≥2×105 BU/g). The amount of enzymes added is not included in the diet formula. The same as Table 2. | |
4)植酸酶(活性≥1×104 U/g)。酶的添加量未计入饲粮配方。表2同。Phytase (activity≥1×104 U/g). The amount of enzymes added is not included in the diets formula. The same as Table 2. | |
5)饲粮营养水平为实测值。表2同。Nutrient levels were measured values. The same as Table 2. |
表2 试验2饲粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets for experiment 2 (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 无氮饲粮组 Nitrogen-free diet group | 对照组 Control group | 挤压膨化组 Extruded group | 酶制剂组 Enzyme preparation group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 小麦Wheat | 93.70 | 93.70 | ||
| 挤压膨化小麦Extruded wheat | 93.70 | |||
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 67.00 | |||
| 蔗糖Sucrose | 20.00 | |||
| 羧甲基纤维素钠Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium | 4.50 | |||
| 碳酸钾K2CO3 | 0.40 | |||
| 氧化镁MgO | 0.10 | |||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 4.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.70 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| 三氧化二铬Gr2O3 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 预混料Premix | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 复合酶制剂Complex enzyme preparation/(g/t) | 60 | |||
| 植酸酶Phytase/(g/t) | 300 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | ||||
| 干物质Dry matter | 90.11 | 94.48 | 91.73 | |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 12.66 | 11.69 | 12.47 | |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.37 | |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.20 | |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.39 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品收集与处理
1.5 检测指标与方法
1.6 计算公式
1.7 统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 小麦挤压膨化前后营养物质和阿拉伯木聚糖含量的变化
表3 小麦挤压膨化前后营养物质和阿拉伯木聚糖含量的变化(干物质基础)Table 3 Changes of nutrient contents in wheat before and after extrusion (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 小麦Wheat | 挤压膨化小麦Extruded wheat |
|---|---|---|
| 干物质Dry matter | 89.73 | 93.90 |
| 总能Gross energy/(MJ/kg) | 18.22 | 18.19 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 14.45 | 13.18 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 2.21 | 1.81 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 1.75 | 2.19 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 2.38 | 2.23 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 18.22 | 11.96 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 3.24 | 3.21 |
| 总淀粉Total starch | 55.40 | 59.54 |
| 钙Calcium | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| 磷Phosphorus | 0.34 | 0.33 |
| 总阿拉伯木聚糖Total araboxylan | 5.62 | 4.90 |
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.41 | 0.34 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.27 | 0.22 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.43 | 0.42 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.34 | 0.41 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.94 | 0.95 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.49 | 0.54 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.61 | 0.58 |
| 组氨酸His | 0.30 | 0.29 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.67 | 0.60 |
| 总必需氨基酸TEAA | 4.56 | 4.44 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.58 | 0.57 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.76 | 0.72 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.44 | 0.36 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 4.78 | 4.16 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.63 | 0.61 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 1.53 | 1.27 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.75 | 0.68 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.33 | 0.24 |
| 总非必需氨基酸TNEAA | 9.80 | 8.61 |
| 总氨基酸TAA | 14.36 | 13.05 |
2.2 挤压膨化加工和添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦DE、ME和营养物质ATTD的影响
表4 挤压膨化和外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦DE、ME和营养物质ATTD的影响(干物质基础)Table 4 Effects of extrusion and exogenous enzyme preparations on DE, ME and nutrient ATTD in wheat fed to piglets (DM basis) |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 挤压膨化组 Extruded group | 酶制剂组 Enzyme preparation group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消化能Digestible energy/(MJ/kg) | 14.94Bb | 15.65Aa | 15.11Bb | 19.79 | <0.01 |
| 代谢能Metabolizable energy/(MJ/kg) | 12.70Bb | 14.14Aa | 12.93ABb | 50.98 | <0.01 |
| 营养物质ATTD Nutrient ATTD/% | |||||
| 干物质Dry matter | 79.86Bc | 82.66Aa | 81.23ABb | 0.33 | <0.01 |
| 总能Gross energy | 80.09Bb | 83.39Aa | 81.34Bb | 0.38 | <0.01 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 71.04 | 72.51 | 74.65 | 0.81 | 0.19 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 32.61Bb | 48.47Aa | 33.88Bb | 1.99 | <0.01 |
| 有机物Organic matter | 80.59Bb | 83.54Aa | 81.83ABb | 0.36 | <0.01 |
同行数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and with different lowercase superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 挤压膨化加工和添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦CP和氨基酸AID和SID的影响
表5 挤压膨化和外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦CP和氨基酸AID的影响Table 5 Effects of extrusion and exogenous enzyme preparations on apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in wheat fed to piglets % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 挤压膨化组 Extruded group | 酶制剂组 Enzyme preparation group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 69.63 | 69.86 | 75.94 | 1.32 | 0.08 |
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | |||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 62.18Ab | 49.72Bb | 63.39Aa | 1.93 | <0.01 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 83.19 | 84.32 | 83.72 | 0.64 | 0.79 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 61.06 | 57.80 | 63.05 | 1.12 | 0.16 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 72.00 | 75.37 | 74.04 | 1.05 | 0.45 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 73.70 | 71.85 | 73.53 | 0.73 | 0.55 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 80.75 | 79.99 | 81.55 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 69.78 | 67.47 | 71.44 | 0.77 | 0.15 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 77.06 | 79.40 | 82.14 | 1.21 | 0.24 |
| 组氨酸His | 79.97ab | 74.96b | 80.42a | 0.91 | 0.01 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 83.59a | 81.27b | 84.68a | 0.54 | 0.02 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | |||||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 59.83 | 66.28 | 66.79 | 1.54 | 0.12 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 66.22Aa | 53.25Bb | 67.78Aa | 1.81 | <0.01 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 77.70Aa | 68.40Bb | 79.12Aa | 1.41 | <0.01 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 92.01Aa | 89.74Bb | 92.76Aa | 0.36 | <0.01 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 62.51 | 53.49 | 63.37 | 2.09 | 0.10 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 79.95 | 77.79 | 78.39 | 2.30 | 0.93 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 78.74ab | 75.21b | 81.12a | 0.88 | 0.01 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 75.64 | 77.67 | 75.37 | 0.55 | 0.17 |
表6 挤压膨化和外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦CP和氨基酸SID的影响Table 6 Effects of extrusion and exogenous enzyme preparations on standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in wheat fed to piglets % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 挤压膨化组 Extruded group | 酶制剂组 Enzyme preparation group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 90.00 | 92.63 | 96.52 | 1.29 | 0.11 |
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | |||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 79.79ab | 72.62b | 81.62a | 1.54 | 0.03 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 89.74 | 91.20 | 90.25 | 0.64 | 0.68 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 86.49 | 85.50 | 89.28 | 1.06 | 0.34 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 90.88 | 94.48 | 92.65 | 1.06 | 0.41 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 87.11 | 86.63 | 88.00 | 0.71 | 0.76 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 91.19 | 90.84 | 92.46 | 0.54 | 0.47 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 85.87 | 84.97 | 88.04 | 0.75 | 0.24 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 91.63 | 94.88 | 97.24 | 1.24 | 0.18 |
| 组氨酸His | 91.63ab | 87.98b | 92.74a | 0.84 | 0.04 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 91.89 | 90.94 | 93.19 | 0.47 | 0.14 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acid | |||||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 82.92 | 88.18 | 89.82 | 1.51 | 0.15 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 85.11Aa | 74.22Bb | 86.91Aa | 1.62 | <0.01 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 92.78ABa | 86.24Bb | 94.13Aa | 1.17 | <0.01 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 96.17ABa | 94.75Bb | 96.99Aa | 0.29 | <0.01 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 115.43 | 113.78 | 116.39 | 1.81 | 0.85 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 153.99 | 167.71 | 154.98 | 2.75 | 0.07 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 93.80 | 92.21 | 96.33 | 0.78 | 0.08 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 91.42 | 91.18 | 92.02 | 0.49 | 0.79 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号