1 材料与方法
1.1 试验时间和地点
1.2 试验材料和试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
表1 代乳粉营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrient levels of milk replacer (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 95.01 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 24.07 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 18.28 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 4.62 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.99 |
| 钙Ca | 0.81 |
| 磷P | 0.43 |
营养水平为实测值。 | |
Nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 开食料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the starter (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.00 |
| 蒸汽压片玉米Steam-flaked corn | 43.00 |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 10.00 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 8.50 |
| 奶粉Milk powder | 10.00 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 4.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 干物质DM | 88.70 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.27 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.91 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.59 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 19.84 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 9.33 |
| 钙Ca | 0.92 |
| 磷P | 0.55 |
1)预混料为每千克开食料提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the starter: VA 12 000 IU,VD3 5 000 IU,VE 40 IU,Fe 64 mg,Cu 11 mg,Mn 42 mg,Zn 60 mg,Se 0.3 mg,I 0.8 mg,Co 0.2 mg。 2)营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.4 样品采集和指标测定
1.4.1 代乳粉和开食料营养成分
1.4.2 生长性能和体尺指标
1.4.3 粪便评分和腹泻率
1.4.4 血清指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能的影响
表3 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite on growth performance of suckling calves |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | LPE | LPE+MMT | |||
| 初始体重Initial body weight/kg | 42.58 | 42.22 | 42.19 | 0.728 | 0.972 |
| 平均日增重Average daily gain/(g/d) | |||||
| 8~37日龄8~37 days of age | 343.50 | 340.96 | 435.49 | 21.418 | 0.111 |
| 38~67日龄38~67 days of age | 411.47 | 468.33 | 570.42 | 39.430 | 0.228 |
| 8~67日龄8~67 days of age | 375.50 | 404.65 | 502.95 | 23.780 | 0.081 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/(g/d) | |||||
| 8~37日龄8~37 days of age | 668.94 | 649.82 | 757.37 | 23.858 | 0.136 |
| 38~67日龄38~67 days of age | 1 233.82 | 1 291.86 | 1 496.52 | 77.426 | 0.337 |
| 8~67日龄8~67 days of age | 948.74 | 966.24 | 1124.20 | 58.616 | 0.160 |
| 料重比Feed/gain | |||||
| 8~37日龄8~37 days of age | 2.02 | 2.06 | 1.80 | 0.088 | 0.440 |
| 38~67日龄38~67 days of age | 3.17 | 2.85 | 3.00 | 0.161 | 0.721 |
| 8~67日龄8~67 days of age | 2.61 | 2.45 | 2.40 | 0.114 | 0.643 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表4 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛体尺指标的影响Table 4 Effects of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite on body size indices of suckling calves |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | LPE | LPE+MMT | |||
| 体高Body height | |||||
| 8日龄8 days of age/cm | 78.15 | 77.30 | 77.31 | 0.417 | 0.645 |
| 37日龄37 days of age/cm | 83.06 | 82.64 | 82.40 | 0.491 | 0.868 |
| 67日龄67 days of age/cm | 87.18 | 86.60 | 85.79 | 0.687 | 0.723 |
| 全期增长率Overall growth rate/% | 9.96 | 12.95 | 12.75 | 0.754 | 0.187 |
| 体斜长Body oblique length | |||||
| 8日龄8 days of age/cm | 75.05 | 75.01 | 76.13 | 0.584 | 0.684 |
| 37日龄37 days of age/cm | 81.14 | 81.33 | 80.84 | 0.625 | 0.951 |
| 67日龄67 days of age/cm | 84.69 | 87.61 | 89.21 | 0.841 | 0.072 |
| 全期增长率Overall growth rate/% | 11.69b | 18.68a | 18.74a | 1.351 | 0.037 |
| 十字部位高Cruciform height | |||||
| 8日龄8 days of age/cm | 82.20 | 81.41 | 81.67 | 0.493 | 0.807 |
| 37日龄37 days of age/cm | 86.25 | 86.72 | 86.52 | 0.610 | 0.953 |
| 67日龄67 days of age/cm | 92.57 | 90.93 | 90.76 | 0.800 | 0.604 |
| 全期增长率Overall growth rate/% | 11.02 | 12.99 | 13.34 | 0.850 | 0.493 |
| 腰角宽Hip width | |||||
| 8日龄8 days of age/cm | 15.64 | 15.60 | 15.66 | 0.150 | 0.987 |
| 37日龄37 days of age/cm | 17.52 | 17.39 | 17.56 | 0.153 | 0.899 |
| 67日龄67 days of age/cm | 19.34 | 19.35 | 19.51 | 0.245 | 0.955 |
| 全期增长率Overall growth rate/% | 20.05 | 26.26 | 23.64 | 1.389 | 0.177 |
| 胸围Heart girth | |||||
| 8日龄8 days of age/cm | 80.44 | 80.55 | 80.79 | 0.596 | 0.971 |
| 37日龄37 days of age/cm | 85.76 | 87.04 | 86.60 | 0.676 | 0.754 |
| 67日龄67 days of age/cm | 92.73 | 94.03 | 94.33 | 1.043 | 0.811 |
| 全期增长率Overall growth rate/% | 13.22 | 18.15 | 18.21 | 1.229 | 0.154 |
2.2 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛粪便评分和腹泻率的影响
表5 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛粪便评分和腹泻率的影响Table 5 Effects of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite on fecal score and diarrhea rate of suckling calves |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | LPE | LPE+MMT | |||
| 粪便评分Fecal score/分 | |||||
| 8~37日龄8~37 days of age | 2.18a | 1.90b | 1.79b | 0.058 | 0.013 |
| 38~67日龄38~67 days of age | 2.40a | 2.06b | 1.88b | 0.077 | 0.010 |
| 8~67日龄8~67 days of age | 2.29a | 2.02b | 1.81b | 0.065 | 0.003 |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | |||||
| 8~37日龄8~37 days of age | 45.56a | 34.44b | 28.89b | 2.346 | 0.008 |
| 38~67日龄38~67 days of age | 58.75a | 45.00ab | 36.67b | 3.880 | 0.045 |
| 8~67日龄8~67 days of age | 52.71a | 41.67ab | 31.67b | 3.012 | 0.008 |
2.3 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛血清激素、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响
表6 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛血清激素、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite on serum hormone, antioxidant and immune indices of suckling calves |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | LPE | LPE+MMT | |||
| 激素指标Hormone indices | |||||
| 生长激素GH/(ng/mL) | 1.87 | 2.15 | 2.68 | 0.16 | 0.090 |
| 胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ IGF-Ⅰ/(ng/mL) | 56.43b | 66.83ab | 80.74a | 4.41 | 0.047 |
| 抗氧化指标Antioxidant indices | |||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 123.14b | 134.27a | 144.20a | 2.88 | 0.002 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.78c | 4.23b | 3.56a | 0.18 | 0.003 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 8.92b | 10.61a | 11.65a | 0.40 | 0.007 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 947.89 | 1 051.48 | 1 104.03 | 33.20 | 0.143 |
| 免疫指标Immune indices | |||||
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 9.35 | 10.92 | 11.96 | 0.50 | 0.075 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.04 | 0.180 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(g/L) | 2.34c | 2.76b | 3.11a | 0.10 | 0.001 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 43.61a | 38.47ab | 34.15b | 1.43 | 0.012 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 14.03 | 15.59 | 18.13 | 0.81 | 0.098 |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8/(pg/mL) | 91.78a | 84.51ab | 76.31b | 2.21 | 0.005 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 51.52 | 49.58 | 45.09 | 1.56 | 0.246 |

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