1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物
1.2 试验样品采集试验
1.3 DNA提取
1.4 PCR扩增
1.5 生物信息分析
1.6 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 ASVs聚类分析
2.2 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎微生物群Alpha多样性分析
表1 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群的Alpha多样性分析Table 1 Alpha diversity analysis of microbiota from different parts of mares and meconium of foals |
| 项目 Items | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 观察特征指数 Observed_features index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胎盘PL | 602.97±276.21Bcb | 556.00±256.97Bbc | 5.27±1.87Bb | 0.86±0.16Bb |
| 脐带UC | 834.13±462.78Bb | 787.82±434.08Bb | 5.78±1.45Bb | 0.91±0.07ABab |
| 初乳CR | 1 242.97±366.50Aa | 1 214.73±362.05Aa | 7.82±1.64Aa | 0.95±0.09ABa |
| 母马粪便MF | 1 308.23±233.36Aa | 1 278.64±230.13Aa | 8.67±0.43Aa | 0.99±0.00Aa |
| 马驹胎粪FM.0 | 473.16±200.00Bc | 462.00±194.94Bc | 4.74±0.74Bb | 0.85±0.19Bb |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.3 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群Beta多样性分析
图4 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群的UPGMA聚类树Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Campylobacterota:弯曲菌门;Acidobacteriota:酸杆菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝菌门;Halobacterota:盐杆菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Others:其他菌门。 Fig.4 UPGMA clustering tree of microbiota from different parts of mares and meconium of foals |
2.4 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群的物种组成分析
图5 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群相对丰度柱形图(门水平,排在前10)Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Campylobacterota:弯曲菌门;Acidobacteriota:酸杆菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体菌门;Halobacterota:盐杆菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Others:其他菌门。 Fig.5 Histogram of relative abundance of microbiota from different parts of mares and meconium of foals (phylum level, top 10) |
图6 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群相对丰度柱形图(属水平,排在前10)Vagococcus:漫游球菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:严格梭状芽孢杆菌属1;Achromobacter:无色杆菌属;Ralstonia:劳尔氏菌属;Halomonas:嗜盐单胞菌属;Delftia:戴尔福特菌属;Acinetobacter:不动杆菌属;Paenibacillus:类芽胞杆菌属;Arthrobacter:节杆菌属;Bacillus:芽孢杆菌属;Others:其他菌属。 Fig.6 Histogram of relative abundance of microbiota from different parts of mares and meconium of foals (genus level, top 10) |
2.5 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群差异分析
图7 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群LDA值分布柱状图Fig.7 Histogram of distribution of LDA scores of microbiota from different parts of mares and meconium of foals |
2.6 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群功能预测分析
图9 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群KEGG-L1功能注释相对丰度柱形图Fig.9 Histogram of relative abundance of KEGG-L1 functionally annotated of microbiota from different parts of mare and meconium of foals |
图10 母马不同部位微生物群与马驹胎粪微生物群KEGG-L1功能注释KEGG pathway annotation:KEGG通路注释;Number of Gene:基因数量;Cellular Processes:细胞过程;Transport and Catabolism:转运和分解代谢;Cell Motility:细胞运动;Cell Growth and Death:细胞生长与死亡;Cell Communication:细胞通讯;Environmental Information Processing:环境信息处理;Signaling Molecules and Interaction:信号分子及其相互作用;Signal Transduction:讯息传导;Membrane Transport:膜转运;Genetic Information Processing:遗传信息处理;Translation:翻译;Transcription:转录;Replication and Repair:复制和修复;Folding, Sorting and Degradation:折叠,排序与降解;Human Diseases:人类疾病;Neurodegenerative Diseases:神经退行性疾病;Metabolic Diseases:代谢性疾病;Infectious Diseases:感染性疾病;Immune System Diseases:免疫系统疾病;Cardiovascular Diseases:心血管疾病;Cancers:癌症;Metabolism:代谢;Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism:异性生物质降解和代谢;Nucleotide Metabolism:核苷酸代谢;Metabolism of Terpenoids and Polyketides:萜类和聚酮类代谢;Metabolism of Other Amino Acids:其他氨基酸的代谢;Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins:辅因子和维生素的代谢;Lipid Metabolism:脂质代谢;Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism:聚糖生物合成和代谢;Enzyme Families:酶家族;Energy Metabolism:能量代谢;Carbohydrate Metabolism:碳水化合物代谢;Biosynthesis of Other Secondary Metabolites:其他次生代谢物的生物合成;Amino Acid Metabolism:氨基酸代谢;Organismal Systems:有机系统;Sensory System:感知系统;Nervous System:神经系统;Immune System:免疫系统;Excretory System:排泄系统;Environmental Adaptation:环境适应;Endocrine System:内分泌系统;Digestive System:消化系统;Circulatory System:循环系统;Unclassified:未分类功能;Poorly Characterized:缺失的功能描述;Metabolism:代谢;Genetic Information Processing:遗传信息处理;Cellular Processes and Signaling:细胞过程和信号。 Fig.10 KEGG-L1 functional annotation of microbiota from different parts of mare and meconium of foals |

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