1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 20.00 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 15.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.00 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 2.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 7.00 |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 5.00 |
| 葵花皮Sunflower skin | 31.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.62 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.30 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 33.65 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 22.98 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 5.02 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.56 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.86 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.62 |
| 钙Ca | 1.03 |
| 总磷TP | 0.64 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 950 IU,VE 40 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 2.5 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.8 g,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 8.0 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 50 mg,CaHPO4 25 000 mg,NaCl 4 000 mg。 | |
2)消化能参考《肉兔营养需要量》(NY/T 4049—2021)[8]数据计算得出,其余为实测值。DE was calculated reference to Nutrient Requirements of Meat Rabbit(NY/T 4049—2021)[8], while the others were measured values. |
1.3 试验设计
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 养分表观消化率
1.4.3 血清免疫和生化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 复合制剂对商品肉兔生长性能、腹泻率、死亡率和屠宰性能的影响
表2 复合制剂对商品肉兔生长性能和健康状况的影响Table 2 Effects of combined additives on growth performance and health status of commercial meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 始重IBW/g | 908.65±35.78 | 905.32±39.18 | 907.03±40.89 | 908.75±36.25 | 908.58±35.96 |
| 末重FBW/g | 2 209.69±264.92b | 2 322.86±227.03ab | 2 318.91±204.67ab | 2 345.07±208.55ab | 2 385.76±263.14a |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 31.94±8.14b | 35.04±4.95ab | 34.66±4.29ab | 35.24±4.97ab | 37.34±5.76a |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 120.67±15.05 | 116.78±10.02 | 118.02±10.95 | 120.06±9.35 | 118.77±11.07 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.49±0.87a | 3.28±0.65ab | 3.32±0.43ab | 3.30±0.37ab | 3.18±0.76b |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 1.05 | 0.45 | 0.99 | 0.76 | 0.56 |
| 死亡率Mortality/% | 20.00 | 6.67 | 16.67 | 11.67 | 8.33 |
同行数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 复合制剂对商品肉兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of combined additives on slaughter performance of commercial meat rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 半净膛屠宰率 Semi-eviscerated percentage | 51.91±1.12b | 56.50±1.57ab | 53.47±2.18ab | 54.73±2.69ab | 58.27±2.34a |
| 全净膛屠宰率 Eviscerated percentage | 47.91±1.52b | 52.47±1.28ab | 50.08±1.97ab | 51.37±2.59ab | 53.96±2.24a |
| 背腰最长肌率 Longissimus dorsi muscle percentage | 12.71±0.98 | 12.69±1.17 | 13.01±0.87 | 12.90±1.05 | 13.16±1.13 |
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage | 31.35±2.43b | 34.04±2.14ab | 33.74±1.51ab | 34.52±2.97ab | 36.39±3.08a |
2.2 复合制剂对商品肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表4 复合制剂对商品肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of combined additives on nutrient apparent digestibility of commercial meat rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 87.85±0.52 | 89.28±0.30 | 88.63±0.64 | 88.96±0.31 | 89.10±0.74 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 65.74±4.51c | 76.06±4.73a | 73.98±2.23ab | 74.40±2.21ab | 75.35±3.37ab |
| 淀粉Starch | 97.85±0.84 | 99.48±0.44 | 98.17±0.69 | 99.60±0.04 | 98.96±1.07 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 87.27±1.01c | 96.19±1.83a | 93.84±1.41ab | 95.35±2.12ab | 95.83±2.54ab |
| 粗灰分Ash | 21.57±2.26 | 22.75±16.90 | 22.54±5.76 | 22.17±10.63 | 21.19±11.70 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 41.77±2.19 | 42.23±11.97 | 41.44±4.24 | 40.51±4.31 | 42.65±9.05 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 10.58±1.74 | 12.32±15.67 | 9.87±4.41 | 10.41±6.71 | 11.68±11.56 |
2.3 复合制剂对商品肉兔免疫器官指数的影响
表5 复合制剂对商品肉兔免疫器官指数的影响Table 5 Effects of combined additives on immune organ indexes of commercial meat rabbitsg/kg |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胸腺指数Thymus index | 1.52±0.27Bd | 2.18±0.42ABab | 1.79±0.57ABc | 1.85±0.44ABbc | 2.36±0.53Aa |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.62±0.17 | 0.66±0.29 | 0.59±0.20 | 0.64±0.26 | 0.65±0.23 |
| 圆小囊指数 Sacculus rotundus index | 0.78±0.12b | 0.92±0.14ab | 0.95±0.34ab | 0.99±0.12ab | 1.04±0.19a |
2.4 复合制剂对商品肉兔血清免疫和生化指标的影响
表6 复合制剂对商品肉兔血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of combined additives on serum immune indexes of commercial meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 128.71±18.71Bb | 182.46±34.59ABab | 149.66±16.68Bb | 142.67±38.90Bb | 200.77±35.49Aa |
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(μg/mL) | 28.97±5.73 | 33.25±4.93 | 28.76±5.26 | 33.27±4.68 | 34.17±6.15 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 18.50±2.62Cc | 21.63±2.48ABCab | 20.47±1.35BCbc | 22.71±0.89ABab | 24.17±1.48Aa |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 314.53±76.71Bc | 421.86±38.20ABab | 336.73±87.32ABbc | 378.89±76.90ABabc | 461.33±64.37Aa |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 43.03±13.38 | 45.54±17.39 | 47.04±9.83 | 48.29±11.92 | 48.94±17.28 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 523.30±75.58Bb | 631.05±104.42ABab | 613.28±36.95ABab | 624.18±97.40ABab | 680.22±84.95Aa |
表7 复合制剂对肉兔血清生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of combined additives on serum biochemical indexes of commercial meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | E组 Group E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 64.09±6.00 | 70.71±7.16 | 69.67±12.17 | 65.63±13.09 | 67.39±6.96 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 29.41±5.70Cc | 43.83±6.70ABab | 35.87±8.55ABCbc | 31.70±5.25BCc | 46.52±9.27Aa |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 40.46±4.71 | 39.88±4.61 | 40.21±8.67 | 40.33±6.62 | 38.42±4.94 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 45.03±8.39a | 38.73±12.39ab | 40.95±11.08ab | 35.83±7.92ab | 32.91±5.34b |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 254.67±38.28a | 213.00±28.69ab | 224.03±53.12ab | 237.26±44.66ab | 194.13±46.02b |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 14.57±2.62b | 16.21±1.58ab | 14.31±2.11b | 15.30±3.18ab | 18.06±2.51a |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 92.33±20.60 | 103.50±22.63 | 95.15±11.96 | 101.26±18.04 | 104.63±30.75 |

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