1 材料与方法
1.1 黄曲霉菌感染相关靶点的收集及潜在靶点信号通路分析
1.2 化合物的筛选及靶点-化合物网络构建
1.3 化合物与靶点的分子对接
1.4 中药获取及网络构建
1.5 中药数据整理及频数分析
2 结果
2.1 黄曲霉毒菌感染潜在靶点及候选化合物
表1 黄曲霉毒菌感染潜在靶点信息Table 1 Information about potential targets of Aspergillus flavus infection |
| 序号 Number | 基因符号 Gene symbol | UniProt编号 UniProt ID | 蛋白质英文名称 Protein English name | 蛋白质中文名称 Protein Chinese name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CLEC7A | Q9BXN2 | C-type lectin domain family 7 member A | C-型凝集素域家族7成员A |
| 2 | CLEC1A | Q8NC01 | C-type lectin domain family 1 member A | C-型凝集素结构域家族1成员A |
| 3 | TLR2 | O60603 | Toll like receptor 2 | Toll样受体2 |
| 4 | CFTR | P13569 | CF transmembrane conductance regulator | CF跨膜电导调节器 |
| 5 | ELANE | P08246 | Elastase, neutrophil expressed | 中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶 |
| 6 | IFNG | P01579 | Interferon gamma | 干扰素γ |
| 7 | CYBB | P04839 | Cytochrome B-245 beta chain | 细胞色素B-245 β链 |
| 8 | TLR4 | O00206 | Toll like receptor 4 | Toll样受体4 |
| 9 | SLPI | P03973 | Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor | 分泌型白细胞肽酶抑制剂 |
| 10 | TNF | P01375 | Tumor necrosis factor | 肿瘤坏死因子 |
| 11 | CSF3 | P09919 | Colony stimulating factor 3 | 细胞集落刺激因子3 |
| 12 | CYBA | P13498 | Cytochrome B-245 alpha chain | 细胞色素B-245α链 |
| 13 | CXCL8 | P10145 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 | C-X-C基序趋化因子配体8 |
| 14 | SFTPD | P35247 | Surfactant protein D | 表面活性剂蛋白D |
| 15 | IL1B | P01584 | Interleukin 1 beta | 白细胞介素1β |
| 16 | IL10 | P22301 | Interleukin 10 | 白细胞介素10 |
| 17 | CSF2 | P04141 | Colony stimulating factor 2 | 集落刺激因子2 |
| 18 | IL4 | P05112 | Interleukin 4 | 白细胞介素4 |
| 19 | PTX3 | P26022 | Pentraxin 3 | 五聚蛋白3 |
| 20 | IL6 | P05231 | Interleukin 6 | 白细胞介素6 |
| 21 | MBL2 | P11226 | Mannose binding lectin 2 | 甘露糖结合凝集素2 |
| 22 | PLG | P00747 | Plasminogen | 纤溶酶原 |
| 23 | CSF1 | P09603 | Colony stimulating factor 1 | 集落刺激因子1 |
| 24 | CD209 | Q9NNX6 | CD209 molecule | CD209分子 |
| 25 | TLR9 | Q9NR96 | Toll like receptor 9 | Toll样受体9 |
| 26 | IL5 | P05113 | Interleukin 5 | 白细胞介素5 |
| 27 | TLR3 | O15455 | Toll like receptor 3 | Toll样受体3 |
| 28 | EPX | P11678 | Eosinophil peroxidase | 嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶 |
| 29 | NOD2 | Q9HC29 | Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 | 核苷酸结合寡聚化结构 域含有蛋白2 |
| 30 | CCL3 | P10147 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 | C-C基序趋化因子配体3 |
| 31 | CCL5 | P13501 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 | C-C基序趋化因子配体5 |
| 32 | IL15 | P40933 | Interleukin 15 | 白细胞介素15 |
| 33 | IGHE | P01854 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon | 免疫球蛋白重常数ε |
| 34 | TREM1 | Q9NP99 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells | 髓细胞上表达的触发受体 |
| 35 | SFTPA1 | Q8IWL2 | Surfactant protein A1 | 表面活性剂蛋白A1 |
| 36 | CCL17 | Q92583 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 | C-C基序趋化因子配体17 |
| 37 | IL23A | Q9NPF7 | Interleukin 23 subunit alpha | 白细胞介素23亚单位α |
| 38 | TLR1 | Q15399 | Toll like receptor 1 | Toll样受体1 |
| 39 | STAT3 | P40763 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 | 信号转导子和转录激活子3 |
| 40 | IL18 | Q14116 | Interleukin 18 | 白细胞介素18 |
| 41 | TLR5 | O60602 | Toll like receptor 5 | Toll样受体5 |
| 42 | IL1R1 | P14778 | Interleukin 1 receptor type 1 | 白细胞介素1受体Ⅰ型 |
| 43 | CCR6 | P51684 | C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 | C-C基序趋化因子受体6 |
| 44 | CXCL10 | P02778 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 | C-X-C基序趋化因子配体10 |
| 45 | HLA-DRB1 | P01911 | Major histocompatibility complex, class Ⅱ, DR beta 1 | 重组人类主要组织相容性 复合物Ⅱ类DR β1 |
| 46 | SFTPA2 | Q8IWL1 | Surfactant protein A2 | 表面活性剂蛋白A2 |
| 47 | ENPP3 | O14638 | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase 3 | 外核苷酸磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶3 |
| 48 | TLR10 | Q9BXR5 | Toll like receptor 10 | Toll样受体10 |
| 49 | IL1A | P01583 | Interleukin 1 alpha | 白细胞介素1α |
| 50 | TLR6 | Q9Y2C9 | Toll like receptor 6 | Toll样受体6 |
| 51 | CYP51A1 | Q16850 | Cytochrome P450 family 51 subfamily A member 1 | 细胞色素P450家族51 亚家族A成员1 |
| 52 | TP53 | P04637 | Tumor protein P53 | 肿瘤蛋白P53 |
| 53 | IL17A | Q16552 | Interleukin 17A | 白细胞介素17A |
| 54 | CSN1S1 | P47710 | Casein alpha S1 | 酪蛋白αS1 |
| 55 | BRCA1 | P38398 | BRCA1 DNA repair associated | 乳腺癌1号基因 |
| 56 | PAPPA-AS1 | Q5QFB9 | PAPPA antisense RNA 1 | 重组人血浆蛋白A反义RNA1 |
| 57 | XDH | P47989 | Xanthine dehydrogenase | 黄嘌呤脱氢酶 |
| 58 | CYP3A4 | P08684 | Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 | 细胞色素P450家族3 亚家族A成员4 |
| 59 | NEU1 | Q99519 | Neuraminidase 1 | 神经氨酸酶1 |
| 60 | HTR2A | P28223 | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | 5-羟色胺受体2A |
| 61 | HTR3A | P46098 | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A | 5-羟色胺受体3A |
| 62 | GPT | P24298 | Glutamic-pYRUVIC transaminase | 谷氨酸-丙酮转氨酶 |
| 63 | TAP1 | Q03518 | Transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member | 抗原肽转运蛋白1 |
| 64 | CYP1A2 | P05177 | Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 | 细胞色素P450家族1 亚家族A成员2 |
| 65 | PCSK6 | P29122 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 | 前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素6 |
| 66 | ITGAL | P20701 | Integrin subunit alpha L | 整合素亚基αL |
| 67 | ARTN | Q5T4W7 | Artemin | 神经鞘胚素 |
| 68 | SNCA | P37840 | Synuclein alpha | α-核蛋白 |
| 69 | ACHE | P22303 | Acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) | 乙酰胆碱酯酶(卡特赖特血型系统) |
表2 候选化合物信息Table 2 Information of candidate compounds |
| 序号 Number | MOL编号 MOL ID | 化合物英文名称 English name of compound | 化合物中文名称 Chinese name of compound | 口服生物 利用度 OB/% | 类药性 DL | 度值 Degree value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MOL005916 | Irisolidone | 尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮 | 37.78 | 0.30 | 8 |
| 2 | MOL000006 | Luteolin | 木犀草素 | 36.16 | 0.25 | 7 |
| 3 | MOL002322 | Isovitexin | 异牡荆素 | 37.78 | 0.30 | 6 |
| 4 | MOL007101 | Dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ | 二氢丹参酮Ⅰ | 45.04 | 0.36 | 5 |
| 5 | MOL006982 | Codeine | 可待因 | 45.48 | 0.56 | 5 |
| 6 | MOL001924 | Paeoniflorin | 芍药苷 | 53.87 | 0.79 | 5 |
| 7 | MOL009136 | Peraksine | 霹雳萝芙辛碱 | 82.58 | 0.78 | 4 |
| 8 | MOL007210 | O-nornuciferine | O-去甲基荷叶碱 | 33.52 | 0.36 | 4 |
| 9 | MOL005266 | Agroclavin | 麦角克碱 | 47.71 | 0.24 | 4 |
| 10 | MOL000354 | Isorhamnetin | 异鼠李素 | 49.60 | 0.31 | 4 |
| 11 | MOL005257 | Penniclavin | 狼尾草麦角碱 | 48.15 | 0.31 | 4 |
| 12 | MOL003272 | Wilsonine | 台湾三尖杉碱 | 29.27 | 0.65 | 4 |
| 13 | MOL000529 | Ibogain | 伊博格碱 | 50.52 | 0.63 | 4 |
| 14 | MOL001592 | Piperine | 胡椒碱 | 42.52 | 0.23 | 4 |
| 15 | MOL005344 | Ginsenoside Rh2 | 人参皂苷Rh2 | 36.32 | 0.56 | 4 |
| 16 | MOL009172 | Pronuciferine | 原荷叶碱 | 32.75 | 0.37 | 3 |
| 17 | MOL009015 | (-)-Tabernemontanine | 缝籽木蓁甲醚 | 58.67 | 0.61 | 3 |
| 18 | MOL008465 | (E)-16,17-didehydro-17- methoxy-17,18-seco-3-beta- yohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 毛钩藤碱 | 32.75 | 0.64 | 3 |
| 19 | MOL007218 | Remerin | 碘葡苯胺 | 40.75 | 0.52 | 3 |
| 20 | MOL001531 | DL-nuciferine | 荷叶碱 | 29.26 | 0.40 | 3 |
| 21 | MOL004891 | Shinpterocarpin | 类黄酮 | 80.30 | 0.73 | 3 |
| 22 | MOL000737 | Morin | 桑黄素 | 46.23 | 0.27 | 3 |
| 23 | MOL004180 | Coronaridine | 冠狗牙花定碱 | 34.97 | 0.68 | 3 |
| 24 | MOL004071 | Hyndarin | 罗通定 | 73.94 | 0.64 | 3 |
| 25 | MOL001460 | Cryptopin | 隐品碱 | 78.74 | 0.72 | 3 |
| 26 | MOL000790 | Isocorypalmine | 异延胡索单酚碱 | 35.77 | 0.59 | 3 |
| 27 | MOL003627 | Sophocarpine | 槐果碱 | 64.26 | 0.25 | 3 |
| 28 | MOL000173 | Wogonin | 汉黄芩素 | 30.68 | 0.23 | 3 |
| 29 | MOL000422 | Kaempferol | 山奈酚 | 41.88 | 0.24 | 3 |
| 30 | MOL008145 | Costaclavine | 肋麦角碱 | 46.21 | 0.24 | 2 |
| 31 | MOL012921 | Stepharine | 光千金藤碱 | 31.55 | 0.33 | 2 |
| 32 | MOL008633 | (S)-cheilanthifoline | 碎叶紫堇碱 | 46.68 | 0.72 | 2 |
| 33 | MOL007041 | 2-isopropyl-8- methylphenanthrene- 3,4-dione | 2-异丙基-8-甲基 菲-3,4-二酮 | 40.86 | 0.23 | 2 |
| 34 | MOL013081 | Decussine | 对生马钱碱 | 39.83 | 0.65 | 2 |
| 35 | MOL001455 | (S)-canadine | 四氢表小檗碱 | 53.83 | 0.77 | 2 |
| 36 | MOL006821 | (-)-Epigallocatechin- 3-gallate | 表没食子儿茶素 没食子酸酯 | 55.09 | 0.77 | 2 |
| 37 | MOL006419 | (13aS)-2,3,10- trimethoxy-6,8,13,13a- tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino [2,1-b]isoquinolin-9-ol | 黄柏碱 | 72.65 | 0.59 | 2 |
| 38 | MOL003958 | Evodiamine | 吴茱萸碱 | 86.02 | 0.64 | 2 |
| 39 | MOL002903 | (R)-canadine | (R)-氢化小檗碱 | 55.37 | 0.77 | 2 |
| 40 | MOL002670 | Cavidine | 消旋卡文定碱 | 35.64 | 0.81 | 2 |
| 41 | MOL001476 | (S)-stylopine | 四氢黄连碱 | 51.15 | 0.85 | 2 |
| 42 | MOL001467 | Luteanin | 异紫堇定碱 | 55.63 | 0.55 | 2 |
| 43 | MOL002662 | Rutaecarpine | 吴茱萸次碱 | 40.30 | 0.60 | 2 |
| 44 | MOL013179 | Fisetin | 漆黄素 | 52.60 | 0.24 | 2 |
| 45 | MOL013079 | DL-praeruptorin A | 白花前胡甲素 | 46.46 | 0.53 | 2 |
| 46 | MOL000098 | Quercetin | 槲皮素 | 46.43 | 0.28 | 2 |
| 47 | MOL012920 | Sinomenine | 青藤碱 | 30.98 | 0.46 | 2 |
| 48 | MOL004575 | Astilbin | 落新妇苷 | 36.46 | 0.74 | 2 |
| 49 | MOL008489 | Delta(sup 18)-hirsutine | 去氢毛钩藤碱 | 41.64 | 0.64 | 1 |
| 50 | MOL008458 | Angustidine | 安枯斯特定碱 | 51.85 | 0.66 | 1 |
| 51 | MOL007145 | Salviolone | 鼠尾草酚酮 | 31.72 | 0.24 | 1 |
| 52 | MOL000787 | Fumarine | 原阿片碱 | 59.26 | 0.83 | 1 |
| 53 | MOL003680 | Sophoridine | 槐定碱 | 60.07 | 0.25 | 1 |
| 54 | MOL005944 | Matrine | 苦参碱 | 63.77 | 0.25 | 1 |
图2 GO功能富集分析Enrichment score:富集得分;Biological process:生物过程;Cellular component:细胞组分;Molecular function:分子功能;inflammatory response:炎症反应;immune response:免疫反应;innate immune response:天然免疫反应;positive regulation of gene expression:基因表达的正向调控;positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter:RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子转录的正向调控;signal transcription:信号转导;positive regulation of interleukin 6 production:白细胞介素6生成的正向调控;positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production:肿瘤坏死因子生成的正向调控;positive regulation of interleukin 8 production:白细胞介素8生成的正向调控;positive regulation of inflammatory response 炎症反应的正向调控;extracellular region:细胞外区域;extracellular space:细胞外间隙;plasma membrane:质膜;integral component of membrane:膜的必要组成成分;cell surface:细胞表面;membrane:膜;integral component of plasma membrane:质膜的必要组成成分; external side of plasma membrane:质膜外侧;endoplasmic reticulum membrane:内质网膜;Golgi apparatus:高尔基体;protein binding:蛋白结合;identical protein binding:同种蛋白结合;cytokine activity:细胞因子活性;transmembrane signaling receptor activity:跨膜信号受体活性;NAD+ nucleosidase activity:NAD+核苷酶活性;signaling receptor activity:信号受体活性;enzyme binding:酶结合;growth factor activity:生长因子活性;receptor binding:受体结合;protein homodimerization activity:蛋白质同源二聚体活性。 Fig.2 GO functional enrichment analysis |
2.2 靶点-化合物网络
2.3 分子对接
表3 靶点与化合物分子对接结果Table 3 Molecular docking results of targets with compounds |
| 项目 Items | 结合自由能Binding free energy/(kJ/mol) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酰胆碱酯酶 ACHE | 5-羟色胺 受体2A HTR2A | 5-羟色胺 受体3A HTR3A | 细胞色素P450 家族1亚家 族A成员2 CYP1A2 | Toll样受体9 TLR9 | |
| 尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮Irisolidone | -40.17 | -30.54 | -39.33 | -39.33 | -33.47 |
| 木犀草素Luteolin | -43.93 | -33.05 | -42.68 | -30.96 | -35.98 |
| 异牡荆素Isovitexin | -39.33 | -29.71 | -32.64 | -43.51 | -33.05 |
图4 分子对接最佳构象相互作用模式图ACHE:乙酰胆碱酯酶 acetylcholinesterase;HTR2A:5-羟色胺受体2A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A;HTR3A:5-羟色胺受体3A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A;CYP1A2:细胞色素P450家族1亚家族A成员2 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 ;TLR9:Toll样受体9 Toll like receptor 9。 Fig.4 Diagram of optimal conformation interaction model for molecular docking |
2.4 靶点-化合物-中药网络
图5 靶点-化合物-中药网络图可视化图中椭圆形表示候选中药,六边形表示候选化合物,三角形代表潜在靶点。 Fig.5 Visualization of target-compound-Chinese herb network diagram In the figure, ellipses represent candidate Chinese herbs, hexagons represent candidate compounds, and triangles represent potential targets. |
2.5 中药性味归经频数统计
表4 候选中药性味分析Table 4 Property and taste analysis of herbs of candidate Chinese herbs |
| 药性 Property | 频次 Frequency | 占比 Proportion/% | 药味 Taste | 频次 Frequency | 占比 Proportion/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 寒Cold | 120 | 44.28 | 苦Bitter | 166 | 61.25 | |
| 温Warm | 67 | 24.73 | 甘Sweet | 107 | 39.48 | |
| 平Equilibrium | 53 | 19.56 | 辛Pungent | 93 | 34.32 | |
| 凉Cool | 26 | 9.59 | 酸Acid | 25 | 9.23 | |
| 热Heat | 5 | 1.85 | 涩Puckery | 22 | 8.12 | |
| 咸Salty | 6 | 2.21 |

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