1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 55.30 | 51.78 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 3.40 | ||
| 去皮豆粕 Peeled soybean meal | 37.20 | 35.00 | |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 3.00 | 5.80 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.40 | 1.10 | |
| 石粉 Limestone (38%) | 1.20 | 1.20 | |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (50%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.22 | 0.12 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.05 | 0.00 | |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.03 | 0.00 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.23 | 12.69 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 20.30 | 19.59 | |
| 钙 Ca | 0.87 | 0.80 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.61 | 0.58 | |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.38 | 0.33 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.18 | 1.09 | |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.88 | 0.76 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 5 000 IU,VE 30 IU,VK 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 12 μg,烟酸 niacin 35 mg,泛酸 pantothenate acid 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.7 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,Fe 40 mg,Zn 100 mg,Mn 100 mg,Cu 15 mg,Se 0.35 mg,I 1 mg。 2)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,参考NY/T 33—2004计算;粗蛋白质、钙、总磷和氨基酸含量为实测值,分别参照GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018、GB/T 6437—2018和GB/T 18246—2019的方法。DE and AP were calculated values referred to NY/T 33—2004, while CP, Ca, TP and amino acid contents were measured values referred to GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 6436—2018, GB/T 6437—2018 and GB/T 18246—2019, respectively. |
1.3 饲养管理和样品采集
1.4 指标测定及方法
1.4.1 生长性能测定
1.4.2 血清生化指标测定
1.4.3 血清免疫和抗氧化指标测定
1.4.4 肠道组织形态观察
1.4.5 盲肠微生物区系分析
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FA | CA | FC | 富马酸 FA | 肉桂醛 CA | 富马酸× 肉桂醛 FA×CA | ||
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | ||||||||
| 末重 FBW/g | 670.94 ±16.90 | 693.40 ±16.45 | 687.24 ±17.69 | 721.21 ±16.01 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.20 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 30.04 ±0.80 | 31.08 ±0.77 | 30.85 ±0.85 | 32.41 ±0.78 | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.27 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 42.54 ±0.89 | 42.34 ±0.85 | 43.31 ±0.86 | 43.17 ±0.88 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.87 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.43 ±0.05 | 1.37 ±0.05 | 1.41 ±0.04 | 1.35 ±0.02 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.31 | |
| 21~42日龄 21 to 42 days of age | ||||||||
| 末重 FBW/g | 1 850.57 ±31.66Bb | 1 947.76 ±25.56ABa | 1 935.69 ±20.08ABa | 1 991.80 ±33.36Aa | 0.69 | 0.46 | <0.01 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 56.17 ±1.07Bb | 59.73 ±1.04ABa | 59.45 ±1.00ABa | 60.50 ±1.07Aa | 0.95 | 0.32 | 0.03 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 97.62 ±1.17b | 101.46 ±1.15a | 101.70 ±1.02a | 102.00 ±1.38a | 0.96 | 0.46 | 0.04 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.74 ±0.02 | 1.70 ±0.03 | 1.71 ±0.02 | 1.69 ±0.02 | 0.72 | 0.52 | 0.27 | |
| 1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age | ||||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 43.11 ±0.74Bb | 45.41 ±0.61ABa | 45.15 ±0.50ABa | 46.46 ±0.80Aa | 0.93 | 0.77 | 0.04 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 70.08 ±0.90 | 71.90 ±0.85 | 72.51 ±0.81 | 72.58 ±0.68 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.79 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.63 ±0.03 | 1.58 ±0.02 | 1.61 ±0.02 | 1.57 ±0.02 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 0.58 | |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表3 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on serum biochemical indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FA | CA | FC | 富马酸 FA | 肉桂醛 CA | 富马酸× 肉桂醛 FA×CA | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 30.21±1.71 | 32.45±1.46 | 33.69±1.87 | 34.25±2.01 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.72 | |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 11.88±0.91 | 12.82±1.11 | 14.47±1.07 | 13.99±1.32 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.51 | |
| 球蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 17.22±1.32 | 18.77±0.86 | 18.95±1.05 | 19.17±1.73 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.79 | |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 5.56±0.84a | 5.12±0.56a | 4.71±0.89b | 4.03±0.34c | 0.21 | 0.02 | <0.01 | |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 227.33±17.53a | 206.66±18.20a | 173.85±16.77b | 149.04±14.55c | 0.30 | 0.03 | <0.01 | |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 623.67±34.89 | 598.39±29.47 | 601.66±41.45 | 603.47±35.10 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.90 | |
2.3 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响
表4 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on serum immune and antioxidant indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FA | CA | FC | 富马酸 FA | 肉桂醛 CA | 富马酸× 肉桂醛 FA×CA | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 312.91±18.7 | 304.96±16.97 | 326.78±15.46 | 334.13±19.15 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.43 | |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 1 504.96±42.74 | 1 526.61±61.55 | 1 601.53±101.42 | 1 603.44±100.18 | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.52 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 627.78±35.19c | 677.57±42.11b | 655.71±35.71b | 729.14±36.31a | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.02 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 6.36±0.39a | 4.65±0.24b | 4.55±0.47b | 4.01±0.35c | 0.90 | 0.08 | 0.04 | |
| 谷胱甘肽 GSH/(nmol/mL) | 41.40±4.42c | 46.25±4.79b | 48.76±5.01b | 55.80±4.35a | 0.88 | 0.04 | <0.01 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 21.45±0.51c | 23.14±0.71b | 22.45±0.97b | 27.04±1.01a | 0.73 | 0.04 | 0.01 | |
2.4 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡肠道组织形态的影响
表5 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡肠道组织形态的影响Table 5 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on intestinal tissue morphology of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FA | CA | FC | 富马酸 FA | 肉桂醛 CA | 富马酸× 肉桂醛 FA×CA | |||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | |||||||||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 1 305.34 ±30.45b | 1 341.85 ±40.74b | 1 441.75 ±37.65a | 1 429.36 ±35.89a | 0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 139.86 ±10.02 | 118.70 ±8.54 | 120.74 ±11.22 | 109.01 ±17.52 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.89 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 9.87 ±0.34 | 9.01 ±0.72 | 10.97 ±0.63 | 10.24 ±0.57 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.90 | ||
| 空肠 Jejunum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 885.33 ±31.26b | 812.74 ±41.43b | 943.38 ±37.19a | 961.09 ±31.31a | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 86.43 ±7.11 | 86.55 ±8.13 | 83.59 ±10.93 | 84.95 ±6.01 | 0.21 | 0.54 | 0.61 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 11.09 ±0.19 | 11.19 ±0.17 | 11.08 ±0.55 | 11.52 ±0.22 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.90 | ||
| 回肠 Ileum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 672.66 ±25.12 | 682.31 ±20.80 | 675.90 ±31.25 | 689.93 ±18.32 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.80 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 74.54 ±11.66 | 76.19 ±10.11 | 71.83 ±10.36 | 69.26 ±10.58 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.20 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 10.30 ±0.32 | 10.43 ±0.24 | 11.56 ±0.36 | 11.59 ±0.31 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.85 | ||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | |||||||||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 1 423.22 ±45.41b | 1 408.97 ±34.22b | 1 491.92 ±28.75a | 1 477.61 ±44.25a | 0.03 | 0.04 | <0.01 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 137.70 ±16.00 | 123.50 ±13.63 | 117.46 ±14.01 | 114.75 ±22.28 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.47 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 9.36 ±0.58 | 9.77 ±0.55 | 11.61 ±0.87 | 11.68 ±0.70 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.20 | ||
| 空肠 Jejunum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 874.99 ±41.39b | 877.14 ±39.87b | 931.35 ±49.13a | 961.90 ±53.77a | 0.04 | 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 75.66 ±7.60 | 74.28 ±7.48 | 73.60 ±6.25 | 71.44 ±6.27 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 0.49 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 10.25 ±0.77 | 10.75 ±0.86 | 11.19 ±0.97 | 11.76 ±0.65 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | ||
| 回肠 Ileum | 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 680.645 ±40.72 | 691.77 ±34.22 | 688.88 ±48.71 | 699.76 ±29.82 | 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.50 | |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 68.34 ±6.05 | 65.91 ±5.28 | 67.44 ±6.25 | 66.96 ±5.67 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.45 | ||
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 10.88 ±0.27 | 10.98 ±0.67 | 11.87 ±0.25 | 11.17 ±0.66 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.13 | ||
2.5 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响
2.5.1 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡盲肠菌群α多样性的影响
表6 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡盲肠菌群α多样性的影响Table 6 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on α diversity of microbiota in cecum of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FA | CA | FC | 富马酸 FA | 肉桂醛 CA | 富马酸× 肉桂醛 FA×CA | |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 277.75±32.42c | 301.74±35.31b | 310.69±40.01a | 319.54±32.09a | 0.04 | 0.02 | <0.01 |
| ACE指数 ACE index | 269.30±37.74b | 279.63±46.68b | 296.29±35.11a | 315.46±30.85a | 0.03 | 0.04 | <0.01 |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.84±0.19 | 0.89±0.06 | 0.91±0.10 | 0.94±0.03 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.51 |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 5.52±0.66 | 5.63±0.83 | 5.59±0.54 | 5.96±0.39 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.85 |
2.5.2 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡盲肠菌群组成的影响
图1 富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对肉鸡盲肠菌群组成的影响数据柱标注相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on microbiota composition in cecum of broilers Value columns with the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |

京公网安备 11010802041926号