1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 56.20 |
| 麸皮 Bran | 4.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 23.40 |
| 菊花梗粉 Chrysanthemum stalks powder | 4.80 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.00 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 6.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.50 |
| 微量元素预混料 Trace elements premix1) | 0.50 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.40 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.10 |
| 维生素预混料 Vitamin premix1) | 0.10 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.38 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 4.77 |
| 钙 Ca | 2.80 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.58 |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.43 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.35 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.89 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.61 |
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.22 |
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12/(μg/kg) | 0.00 |
| 叶酸 Folic acid/(mg/kg) | 0.49 |
1)微量元素预混料和维生素预混料(不含维生素B12和叶酸)为每千克饲粮提供 2)粗蛋白质、粗纤维、维生素B12、叶酸为实测值,其余营养水平为计算值[11]。 The trace elements premix and vitamin premix (excluding vitamin B12 and folic acid) provided the following per kg of the diet:VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 40 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinic acid 30 mg,VA 9 000 IU,VK3 0.8 mg,Cu 4 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 11 mg,Se 0.5 mg,Co 0.5 mg,Fe 80 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,胆碱 choline 740 mg/kg,I 0.3 mg,Zn 65 mg。 | |
CP, CF, vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured values, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values[11]. |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 繁殖性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 血清生殖激素和抗氧化指标
1.5 数据处理分析
2 结果
2.1 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响
表2 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响Table 2 Effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid synergism on reproductive performance of breeding geese during laying period% |
| 项目 Items | 产蛋率 Laying rate | 种蛋合格率 Qualified rate of breeding eggs | 种蛋受精率 Fertilization rate of breeding eggs | 种蛋孵化率 Hatching rate of breeding eggs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B12添加水平 Vitamin B12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | 叶酸添加水平 Folic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | ||||
| 15 | 0.5 | 33.16 | 96.65 | 72.50c | 94.10 |
| 25 | 2.0 | 32.42 | 98.43 | 88.00a | 96.88 |
| 75 | 0.5 | 35.65 | 97.33 | 85.00a | 95.44 |
| 15 | 2.0 | 34.50 | 96.58 | 75.00c | 93.30 |
| 25 | 0.5 | 33.46 | 97.58 | 77.75bc | 96.43 |
| 75 | 2.0 | 34.82 | 96.79 | 82.50ab | 96.86 |
| SEM | 1.69 | 0.50 | 1.95 | 0.99 | |
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12/(μg/kg) | 15 | 33.83 | 96.62b | 73.75 | 93.70b |
| 25 | 32.44 | 98.01a | 82.86 | 96.65a | |
| 75 | 35.24 | 97.06ab | 83.75 | 96.16a | |
| SEM | 1.19 | 0.35 | 1.38 | 0.70 | |
叶酸 Folic acid/(mg/kg) | 0.5 | 33.76 | 97.19 | 78.42 | 95.32 |
| 2.0 | 33.92 | 97.27 | 81.83 | 95.69 | |
| SEM | 0.97 | 0.29 | 1.13 | 0.60 | |
| P值 P-value | |||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12 | 0.278 | 0.035 | <0.001 | 0.017 | |
| 叶酸 Folic acid | 0.911 | 0.848 | 0.046 | 0.659 | |
| 维生素B12×叶酸 Vitamin B12×folic acid | 0.811 | 0.383 | 0.014 | 0.539 | |
同列数据肩标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),相邻小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相间小写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with the same small or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with adjacent small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with alternate small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅蛋品质的影响
表3 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid synergism on egg quality of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 蛋形指数 Egg shape index | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/N | 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/ mm | 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 蛋壳颜色 Eggshell color | 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B12 添加水平 Vitamin B12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | 叶酸添加水平 Folic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | ||||||||
| 15 | 0.5 | 1.47 | 4.98 | 0.50b | 4.38 | 67.48 | 109.62 | 13.93 | |
| 25 | 2.0 | 1.45 | 5.12 | 0.59a | 3.95 | 71.06 | 117.01 | 15.78 | |
| 75 | 0.5 | 1.47 | 5.09 | 0.51b | 4.03 | 68.72 | 114.68 | 14.38 | |
| 15 | 2.0 | 1.46 | 4.92 | 0.57a | 3.93 | 68.26 | 111.22 | 14.10 | |
| 25 | 0.5 | 1.47 | 5.13 | 0.57a | 3.88 | 68.76 | 112.90 | 14.20 | |
| 75 | 2.0 | 1.45 | 5.09 | 0.47b | 3.83 | 67.91 | 115.06 | 15.03 | |
| SEM | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.54 | ||
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12/ (μg/kg) | 15 | 1.46 | 4.95b | 0.54 | 4.15 | 67.87 | 110.92b | 14.01 | |
| 25 | 1.46 | 5.13a | 0.58 | 3.91 | 69.91 | 114.96a | 14.99 | ||
| 75 | 1.46 | 5.09a | 0.49 | 3.93 | 68.31 | 114.87a | 14.70 | ||
| SEM | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.38 | ||
| 叶酸 Folic acid/ (mg/kg) | 0.5 | 1.47 | 5.06 | 0.53 | 4.09 | 68.32 | 112.74 | 14.17 | |
| 2.0 | 1.45 | 5.05 | 0.55 | 3.90 | 69.08 | 114.43 | 14.97 | ||
| SEM | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.31 | ||
| P值 P-value | |||||||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12 | 0.966 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.503 | 0.088 | 0.002 | 0.207 | ||
| 叶酸 Folic acid | 0.274 | 0.675 | 0.285 | 0.376 | 0.336 | 0.073 | 0.086 | ||
| 维生素B12×叶酸 Vitamin B12×folic acid | 0.966 | 0.844 | 0.040 | 0.547 | 0.273 | 0.186 | 0.436 | ||
2.3 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素指标的影响
表4 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素指标的影响Table 4 Effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid synergism on serum reproductive hormone indexes of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 孕酮 PROG/ (ng/mL) | 雌二醇 E2/ (pg/mL) | 促卵泡素 FSH/ (mIU/mL) | 催乳素 PRL/ (ng/mL) | 促黄体激素 LH/ (mIU/mL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B12添加水平 Vitamin B12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | 叶酸添加水平 Folic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | ||||||
| 15 | 0.5 | 6.95b | 130.02 | 10.93a | 274.13 | 9.21 | |
| 25 | 2.0 | 6.76b | 139.39 | 11.03a | 314.32 | 10.64 | |
| 75 | 0.5 | 8.97a | 127.04 | 11.24a | 304.61 | 11.34 | |
| 15 | 2.0 | 7.28b | 123.34 | 8.37b | 263.11 | 9.42 | |
| 25 | 0.5 | 7.61b | 144.87 | 10.02ab | 302.19 | 11.11 | |
| 75 | 2.0 | 7.40b | 135.27 | 8.90b | 276.07 | 10.83 | |
| SEM | 0.41 | 4.70 | 0.55 | 8.63 | 0.44 | ||
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12/(μg/kg) | 15 | 6.95 | 126.68b | 9.65 | 286.62b | 9.32b | |
| 25 | 7.18 | 142.13a | 10.52 | 308.26a | 10.88a | ||
| 75 | 8.19 | 131.15b | 10.07 | 290.34b | 11.08a | ||
| SEM | 0.29 | 3.32 | 0.39 | 6.11 | 0.31 | ||
| 叶酸 Folic acid/(mg/kg) | 0.5 | 7.73 | 133.98 | 10.73 | 293.64 | 10.55 | |
| 2.0 | 7.15 | 132.66 | 9.43 | 284.50 | 10.30 | ||
| SEM | 0.24 | 2.71 | 0.32 | 4.99 | 0.25 | ||
| P值 P-value | |||||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.308 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| 叶酸 Folic acid | 0.099 | 0.738 | 0.010 | 0.211 | 0.480 | ||
| 维生素B12×叶酸 Vitamin B12×folic acid | 0.043 | 0.251 | 0.007 | 0.088 | 0.662 | ||
2.4 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 维生素B12和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid synergism on serum antioxidant indexes of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 总抗氧 化能力 T-AOC/ (mmol/L) | 丙二醛 MDA/ (nmol/mL) | 总超氧化物 歧化酶 T-SOD/ (U/mL) | 谷胱甘肽过 氧化物酶 GSH-Px/ (U/mL) | 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B12添加水平 Vitamin B12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | 叶酸添加水平 Folic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | ||||||
| 15 | 0.5 | 0.39 | 3.61ab | 235.73bc | 296.88 | 58.02c | |
| 25 | 2.0 | 0.64 | 2.97c | 252.05a | 299.20 | 62.45a | |
| 75 | 0.5 | 0.42 | 3.52ab | 244.56ab | 304.81 | 61.76ab | |
| 15 | 2.0 | 0.42 | 3.25bc | 215.27d | 286.27 | 60.34abc | |
| 25 | 0.5 | 0.49 | 3.39ab | 230.36bcd | 290.44 | 61.24ab | |
| 75 | 2.0 | 0.43 | 3.73a | 227.35cd | 301.56 | 59.41bc | |
| SEM | 0.03 | 0.12 | 5.04 | 4.19 | 0.75 | ||
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||||
维生素B12 Vitamin B12/(μg/kg) | 15 | 0.40b | 3.43 | 225.50 | 291.58b | 59.18 | |
| 25 | 0.57a | 3.18 | 241.21 | 294.82b | 61.85 | ||
| 75 | 0.43b | 3.63 | 235.95 | 301.19a | 69.58 | ||
| SEM | 0.02 | 0.08 | 3.57 | 2.96 | 0.53 | ||
叶酸 Folic acid/(mg/kg) | 0.5 | 0.43b | 3.51 | 236.88 | 297.38 | 60.34 | |
| 2.0 | 0.50a | 3.32 | 231.56 | 295.68 | 60.73 | ||
| SEM | 0.02 | 0.07 | 2.91 | 2.42 | 0.43 | ||
| P值 P-value | |||||||
| 维生素B12 Vitamin B12 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.018 | 0.034 | 0.013 | ||
| 叶酸 Folic acid | 0.017 | 0.057 | 0.212 | 0.626 | 0.530 | ||
| 维生素B12×叶酸 Vitamin B12×folic acid | 0.059 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.093 | 0.022 | ||

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