1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 高精料饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the high-concentrate diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 苜蓿草 Alfalfa hay | 11.90 |
| 玉米秸秆 Corn stalk | 23.10 |
| 玉米 Corn grain | 32.03 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 3.07 |
| 麸皮 Bran | 14.20 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 11.00 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 2.50 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.30 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.10 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.50 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.30 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 11.63 |
| 干物质 DM | 93.95 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 11.50 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 3.10 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 30.71 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 13.57 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.81 |
| 磷 P | 0.41 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Fe 0.024 g,Cu 0.004 8 g,Zn 0.03 g,Mn 0.018 g,I 0.18 mg,Se 0.18 mg,Co 0.15 mg,VA 3 600 IU,VD3 1 500 IU,VE 7.5 IU,VK3 1.08 mg,VB1 0.021 mg,VB2 5.1 mg,VB6 0.54 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 13.2 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10.2 mg,VB12 0.018 mg,生物素 biotin 0.084 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.9 mg。 2)消化能为参考《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2021)计算得出,其余为实测值。DE was calculated with reference to Meat Sheep Breeding Standards of China (NY/T 816—2021), while the rest were measured values. |
1.3 体外瘤胃发酵方法
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养水平
1.4.2 体外瘤胃发酵参数
SFAEI= 。
1.4.3 发酵液中异常代谢物LPS和组胺(HIS)浓度
1.5 统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 NFF和NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表2 高精料底物中添加NFF或NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 2 Effects of adding NFF or NFP to high-concentrate substrate on rumen fermentation parameters of cashmere goats in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | NFP | NFF | RSV | |||
| pH | 5.84b | 5.98b | 6.22a | 6.29a | 0.05 | <0.001 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 35.3b | 39.0b | 53.2a | 35.3b | 2.02 | <0.001 |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP/(mg/dL) | 10.0b | 11.7b | 15.3a | 12.9ab | 0.79 | 0.002 |
| 原虫 Protozoa/(×104个/mL) | 66.7a | 64.4a | 55.8b | 54.3b | 1.78 | <0.001 |
| 产气量 Gas production/mL | 99.2b | 120.1a | 128.6a | 124.5a | 4.52 | 0.002 |
| 乳酸 Lactic acid/(mmol/L) | 0.092a | 0.041ab | 0.033b | 0.027b | 0.01 | 0.021 |
| 挥发性脂肪酸 VFA/(mmol/L) | ||||||
| 乙酸 Acetate | 57.3a | 61.4a | 59.8a | 54.0b | 1.48 | 0.001 |
| 丙酸 Propionate | 27.3a | 24.2b | 24.3b | 22.3b | 0.82 | 0.004 |
| 丁酸 Butyrate | 13.3b | 17.2a | 13.9b | 11.8b | 0.94 | 0.006 |
| 异丁酸 Iso-butyrate | 0.97b | 1.22a | 1.04ab | 0.96b | 0.06 | 0.020 |
| 戊酸 Valerate | 1.45b | 1.61a | 1.48ab | 1.38b | 0.04 | 0.008 |
| 异戊酸 Iso-valerate | 2.05b | 2.75a | 2.13b | 2.02b | 0.18 | 0.030 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 102.3ab | 111.5a | 101.2ab | 92.4b | 3.54 | 0.014 |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/propionate | 2.11b | 2.63a | 2.41a | 2.45a | 0.09 | 0.006 |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values with different letter superscripts in the same row are significantly different (P<0.05). The below tables are the same. |
2.2 NFF和NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵参数影响的综合评定
表3 高精料底物中添加NFF或NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵影响的综合评定Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of effects of adding NFF or NFP to high-concentrate substrate on rumen fermentation of cashmere goats in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | NFP | NFF | RSV | |
| 单项组合效应值 SFAEI(×10-2) | ||||
| pH | 0 | 2.34 | 6.11 | 7.15 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N | 0 | 9.49 | 33.65 | 0.00 |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP | 0 | 14.53 | 34.64 | 22.48 |
| 产气量 Gas production | 0 | 17.33 | 23.10 | 20.64 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 0 | 8.11 | -0.99 | -10.39 |
| 多项组合效应值 MFAEI | 0 | 0.518 | 0.965 | 0.399 |
2.3 NFF和NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵液中异常代谢物LPS和HIS浓度的影响
表4 高精料底物中添加NFF或NFP对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵液中异常代谢物LPS和HIS浓度的影响Table 4 Effects of adding NFF or NFP to high-concentrate substrate on concentrations of abnormal metabolites LPS and HIS in rumen fermentation fluid of cashmere goats in vitrong/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | NFP | NFF | RSV | |||
| 脂多糖 LPS | 117.0a | 99.2b | 104.0b | 95.4b | 3.01 | <0.001 |
| 组胺 HIS | 8.79a | 8.60ab | 8.25b | 8.49ab | 0.12 | 0.040 |
2.4 不同添加剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表5 高精料底物中添加不同剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 5 Effects of adding different doses of NFF to high-concentrate substrate on rumen fermentation parameters of cashmere goats in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| pH | 6.04b | 6.12ab | 6.14a | 6.18a | 6.17a | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 48.2c | 50.9bc | 50.2bc | 51.9ab | 54.8a | 0.81 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.393 |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP/(mg/dL) | 12.0b | 17.3a | 17.4a | 17.7a | 15.9ab | 1.30 | 0.032 | 0.411 | 0.010 |
| 原虫 Protozoa/(×104个/mL) | 63.5a | 59.4ab | 59.5ab | 56.6b | 55.9b | 1.28 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.021 |
| 产气量 Gas production/mL | 103c | 114bc | 135a | 135a | 130ab | 5.09 | <0.001 | 0.022 | <0.001 |
| 乳酸 Lactic acid/(mmol/L) | 0.067 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.01 | 0.054 | 0.014 | 0.073 |
| 挥发性脂肪酸 VFA/(mmol/L) | |||||||||
| 乙酸 Acetate | 55.1 | 56.0 | 56.4 | 57.1 | 55.6 | 1.00 | 0.688 | 0.978 | 0.147 |
| 丙酸 Propionate | 20.9 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 0.21 | 0.068 | 0.787 | 0.005 |
| 丁酸 Butyrate | 14.4 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 14.0 | 0.57 | 0.887 | 0.913 | 0.340 |
| 异丁酸 Iso-butyrate | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 0.03 | 0.889 | 0.348 | 0.899 |
| 戊酸 Valerate | 1.55 | 1.56 | 1.61 | 1.59 | 1.50 | 0.05 | 0.632 | 0.346 | 0.269 |
| 异戊酸 Iso-valerate | 2.22 | 2.26 | 2.22 | 2.28 | 2.29 | 0.09 | 0.972 | 0.574 | 0.875 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 95.3 | 95.4 | 95.4 | 95.8 | 95.7 | 1.35 | 0.998 | 0.805 | 0.851 |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/propionate | 2.71 | 2.79 | 2.71 | 2.78 | 2.74 | 0.05 | 0.732 | 0.900 | 0.610 |
2.5 不同添加剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵影响的综合评定
表6 高精料底物中添加不同剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵影响的综合评定Table 6 Comprehensive evaluation of effects of adding different doses of NFF to high-concentrate substrate on rumen fermentation of cashmere goats in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | |
| 单项组合效应值 SFAEI(×10-2) | |||||
| pH | 0 | 1.31 | 1.63 | 2.27 | 2.11 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N | 0 | 5.30 | 3.98 | 7.13 | 12.04 |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP | 0 | 30.6 | 31.0 | 32.2 | 24.5 |
| 产气量 Gas production | 0 | 9.65 | 23.70 | 23.70 | 20.77 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 0 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.522 | 0.418 |
| 多项组合效应值 MFAEI | 0 | 0.470 | 0.605 | 0.658 | 0.599 |
2.6 不同添加剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵液中异常代谢物LPS和HIS浓度的影响
表7 高精料底物中添加不同剂量的NFF对绒山羊体外瘤胃发酵液中异常代谢物LPS和HIS浓度的影响Table 7 Effects of adding different does of NFF to high-concentrate substrate on concentrations of abnormal metabolites LPS and HIS in rumen fermentation fluid of cashmere goats in vitrong/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 脂多糖 LPS | 131.1a | 119.7ab | 121.2ab | 96.5c | 107.1bc | 5.26 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| 组胺 HIS | 8.52a | 6.82b | 5.12c | 4.13c | 4.26c | 0.43 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |

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