1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计和饲料
表1 饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 45.00 | 45.00 | 45.00 |
| 进口鱼粉 Imported fish meal | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| 谷朊粉 Wheat gluten powder | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 玉米淀粉 Corn starch | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
| 鱼油 Fish oil | 5.00 | ||
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 5.00 | ||
| 亚麻籽油 Linseed oil | 5.00 | ||
| 磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 维生素预混料 Vitamin premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 矿物质预混料 Mineral premix2) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 微晶纤维素 Microcrystalline cellulose | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient leves3) | |||
| 干物质 Dry matter | 91.89 | 91.97 | 91.57 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 35.73 | 36.12 | 35.98 |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 7.92 | 6.96 | 7.23 |
| 粗灰分 Crude ash | 6.93 | 7.06 | 7.17 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:VA 100 mg,VD 20 mg,VE 55 mg,VK 5 mg,抗坏血酸 ascorbic acid 100 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 15 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 25 mg,吡哆醇 pyridoxine 15 mg,氰钴胺 cyanocobalamine 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 50 mg,肌醇 inositol 500 mg,烟酸 niacin 100 mg,生物素 biotin 2 mg。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:MgSO4·7H2O 450 mg,FeSO4·7H2O 950 mg,CuSO4·5H2O 10 mg,ZnSO4·7H2O 108 mg,MnSO4·4H2O 40 mg,KI 1.5 mg,NaCl 600 mg,NaH2PO4·2H2O 850 mg,KH2PO4 1 350 mg,CoSO4·4H2O 0.50 mg。 3)营养水平实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 饲料脂肪酸组成(占总脂肪酸的百分比)Table 2 Fatty acid composition of diets (percentage of total fatty acids) |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| C14∶0/% | 2.49 | 0.94 | 0.89 |
| C15∶0/% | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| C16∶0/% | 13.27 | 12.46 | 8.74 |
| C17∶0/% | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.19 |
| C18∶0/% | 3.56 | 4.33 | 4.69 |
| C20∶0/% | 0.34 | 0.44 | ND |
| C22∶0/% | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.15 |
| ∑SFA/% | 20.35 | 18.81 | 14.73 |
| C16∶1/% | 3.19 | 0.99 | 0.95 |
| C18∶1n-9c/% | 40.02 | 26.29 | 21.97 |
| C20∶1/% | 3.21 | 0.61 | 0.39 |
| C20∶2/% | 0.73 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| C24∶1/% | 0.27 | ND | ND |
| C22∶1n-9/% | 1.32 | 0.17 | ND |
| ∑MUFA/% | 48.74 | 28.15 | 23.37 |
| C18∶2n-6c/% | 18.54 | 45.14 | 18.26 |
| C18∶3n-6/% | 0.09 | 0.20 | ND |
| C18∶3n-3/% | 3.83 | 4.80 | 40.51 |
| C20∶3n-6/% | 0.24 | ND | ND |
| C20∶4n-6(ARA)/% | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
| C20∶5n-3(EPA)/% | 3.94 | 1.80 | 1.78 |
| C22∶6n-3(DHA)/% | 3.84 | 1.04 | 1.08 |
| ∑HUFA/% | 8.46 | 2.93 | 3.00 |
| ∑PUFA/% | 30.92 | 53.07 | 61.77 |
| ∑n-3 PUFA/% | 11.61 | 7.64 | 43.37 |
| ∑n-6 PUFA/% | 19.31 | 45.43 | 18.40 |
| ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA | 0.60 | 0.17 | 2.36 |
∑SFA:总饱和脂肪酸 total saturated fatty acid;∑MUFA:总单不饱和脂肪酸 total monounsaturated fatty acid;ARA:花生四烯酸 arachidonic acid;EPA:二十碳五烯酸 eicosapentaenoic acid;DHA:二十二碳六烯酸 docosahexaenoic acid;∑HUFA:总高不饱和脂肪酸 total highly unsaturated fatty acid;∑PUFA:总多不饱和脂肪酸 total polyunsaturated fatty acid;∑n-3 PUFA:总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸 total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid;∑n-6 PUFA:总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸 total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid。表4同 the same as Table 4。ND表示未检出 ND mean not detected。 |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 样品采集及处理
1.4 指标测定及方法
1.4.1 饲料营养成分测定
1.4.2 生长性能测定
增重率(weight gain rate,WGR,%)=100×(Wt-W0)/W0;
摄食率(feeding rate,FR,% BW/d)=100×
Wf/[(W0+Wt)/2]/t;
饲料系数(feed coefficient,FCR)=Wf/(Wt-W0);
存活率(survival rate,SR,%)=100×N2/N1;
肥满度(condition factor,CF,g/cm3)=100×W/L3。
1.4.3 脂肪酸组成测定
1.4.4 性腺指数和卵径测定
性腺指数(%)=100×WG/Wt。
1.4.5 血清生化和抗氧化指标测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本生长性能的影响
表3 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本生长性能Table 3 Effects of different lipid sources on growth performance Pengze crucian carp broodstock |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| 初始体质量 IBW/g | 253.78±5.34 | 258.73±0.18 | 260.65±0.37 |
| 终末体质量 FBW/g | 344.12±21.67 | 353.67±26.44 | 354.50±22.31 |
| 增重率 WGR/% | 35.58±7.65 | 34.74±9.55 | 33.48±9.80 |
| 摄食率 FR/(% BW/d) | 1.06±0.03 | 1.04±0.04 | 1.03±0.02 |
| 饲料系数 FCR | 1.93±0.35 | 1.88±0.47 | 1.79±0.28 |
| 存活率 SR/% | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 |
| 肥满度 CF/(g/cm3) | 3.11±0.04 | 3.34±0.12 | 3.17±0.15 |
2.2 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本卵巢脂肪酸组成的影响
表4 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本卵巢脂肪酸组成的影响(占总脂肪酸的百分比)Table 4 Effects of different lipid sources on ovarian fatty acid composition of Pengze crucian carp broodstock (percentage of total fatty acids) |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| C14∶0/% | 1.04±0.00 | 0.99±0.09 | 1.00±0.09 |
| C15∶0/% | 0.17±0.03 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 |
| C16∶0/% | 16.36±0.84b | 20.06±0.92a | 16.49±0.35b |
| C17∶0/% | 0.24±0.06 | 0.30±0.04 | 0.25±0.07 |
| C18∶0/% | 4.01±0.31b | 6.33±0.26a | 4.36±0.20b |
| C20∶0/% | 0.09±0.01b | 0.08±0.01b | 0.14±0.01a |
| C21∶0/% | 0.17±0.04b | 0.25±0.00a | 0.08±0.01c |
| ∑SFA/% | 22.09±1.22 | 28.19±1.18 | 22.46±0.54 |
| C16∶1/% | 3.33±0.31 | 3.51±0.22 | 3.78±0.06 |
| C18∶1n-9c/% | 40.10±0.84a | 30.16±1.37c | 34.28±0.72b |
| C20∶1/% | 1.99±0.12a | 1.35±0.11b | 1.76±0.10a |
| C22∶1n-9/% | 0.28±0.06b | 0.14±0.01c | 0.47±0.04a |
| ∑MUFA/% | 45.70±0.80a | 35.15±1.40c | 40.29±0.74b |
| C18∶2n-6c/% | 21.15±1.64a | 15.39±1.32b | 17.62±0.90b |
| C18∶3n-6/% | 0.26±0.01b | 0.56±0.06a | 0.18±0.03b |
| C18∶3n-3/% | 1.28±0.09b | 0.74±0.12c | 7.73±0.31a |
| C20∶2n-6/% | 0.55±0.03a | 0.48±0.02ab | 0.41±0.03b |
| C20∶3n-6/% | 1.05±0.06b | 1.84±0.10a | 1.10±0.12b |
| C20∶4n-6(ARA)/% | 2.02±0.19b | 6.35±0.42a | 1.40±0.17b |
| C20∶5n-3(EPA)/% | 0.69±0.15b | 0.74±0.05b | 1.46±0.09a |
| C22∶6n-3(DHA)/% | 5.21±0.79c | 10.56±0.58a | 7.34±0.79b |
| ∑HUFA/% | 8.97±1.07b | 19.49±1.13a | 11.30±1.11b |
| ∑PUFA/% | 32.21±0.83b | 36.66±0.71a | 37.24±0.21a |
| ∑n-3 PUFA/% | 7.18±0.85c | 12.04±0.51b | 16.53±0.93a |
| ∑n-6 PUFA/% | 25.03±1.60a | 24.62±0.95a | 20.71±0.75b |
| ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA | 0.29±0.05c | 0.49±0.04b | 0.80±0.07a |
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本性腺指数和卵径的影响
表5 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本性腺指数和卵径的影响Table 5 Effects of different lipid sources on gonad somatic index and egg diameter of Pengze crucian carp broodstock |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| 性腺指数 GIS/% | 8.15±0.25c | 15.16±0.82a | 12.52±1.10b |
| 卵径 Egg diameter/μm | 646.48±44.40b | 698.62±41.30a | 685.81±34.52a |
2.4 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响
2.4.1 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本血清生化指标的影响
表6 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of different lipid sources on serum biochemical indices of Pengze crucian carp broodstock |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 3.31±0.32a | 2.52±0.39ab | 2.41±0.26b |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 7.29±0.31a | 5.87±0.14b | 6.17±0.38b |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDLC/(mmol/L) | 2.33±0.15a | 1.88±0.09b | 2.19±0.04a |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDLC/(mmol/L) | 4.64±0.28 | 3.76±0.09 | 4.09±0.60 |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 253.50±61.10b | 390.34±55.36ab | 467.34±74.61a |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 2.20±0.82 | 3.43±1.15 | 1.79±0.56 |
| 雌二醇 E2/(ng/L) | 94.05±5.86 | 92.96±15.28 | 83.16±6.21 |
| 孕酮 PROG/(ng/mL) | 4.51±0.72 | 4.57±0.64 | 3.76±0.38 |
| 卵黄蛋白原 VTG/(μg/mL) | 3.86±0.79 | 2.90±0.33 | 3.19±0.01 |
2.4.2 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本血清抗氧化指标的影响
表7 不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫亲本血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of different lipid sources on serum antioxidant indices of Pengze crucian carp broodstock |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FO | SO | LO | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 250.04±14.47a | 182.22±12.86b | 215.56±22.16b |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 4.67±3.46 | 5.21±2.73 | 5.69±2.45 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.97±0.06a | 0.87±0.10ab | 0.80±0.08b |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 15.12±2.64 | 23.68±8.45 | 21.33±9.76 |
| 酸性磷酸酶 ACP/(金氏单位/dL) | 461.58±41.76 | 411.33±52.30 | 426.80±34.46 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(金氏单位/dL) | 1.74±0.31 | 2.16±0.29 | 2.28±0.09 |

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