1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 藻粉与发酵藻粉的粗蛋白质和酸溶蛋白含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Crude protein and acid soluble protein contents of algal powder and fermented algal powder (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 藻粉 Algal powder | 发酵藻粉 Fermented algal powder |
|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 19.54 | 17.84 |
| 酸溶蛋白 Acid soluble protein | 5.95 | 10.09 |
表2 试验饲料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 饲料 Diets | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| 藻粉 Algal powder | 33.00 | 29.60 | 26.20 | 23.00 |
| 发酵藻粉 Fermented algal powder | 3.40 | 6.80 | 10.00 | |
| α-淀粉 α-starch | 5.90 | 5.90 | 5.90 | 5.90 |
| 维生素预混料 Vitamin premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 矿物质预混料 Mineral premix2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 抗氧化剂 Antioxidant | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 海泥 Sea mud | 48.00 | 48.00 | 48.00 | 48.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | ||||
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 14.95 | 14.89 | 14.87 | 14.90 |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.28 |
| 粗灰分 Crude ash | 55.04 | 54.97 | 54.88 | 55.19 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲料提供 Vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 7 500.00 IU,VD 1 500.00 IU,VE 60.00 mg,VK3 18.00 mg,VB1 12.00 mg,VB2 12.00 mg,VB12 0.10 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 48.00 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 90.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 3.70 mg,D-生物素 D-biotin 0.20 mg,吡哆醇 pyridoxine 60.00 mg,VC 310.00 mg。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲料提供 Mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Zn 35.00 mg,Mn 21.00 mg,Cu 8.30 mg,Fe 23.00 mg,Co 1.20 mg,I 1.00 mg,Se 0.30 mg。 3)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理及样品采集
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能指标的计算
增重率(%)=100×(终末体重-初始体重)/初始体重;
特定生长率(SGR,%/d)=100×(ln终末体重-ln初始体重)/试验天数。
1.3.2 常规营养成分的检测
1.3.3 肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化指标及肠道绒毛高度的检测
1.3.4 肠道菌群的检测
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参生长性能及体成分的影响
表3 发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参生长性能及体成分的影响Table 3 Effects of replacing algal powder with fermented algal powder on growth performance and body composition of Apostichopus japonicus |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
| 生长性能指标 Growth performance indexes | ||||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 68.09±0.23 | 68.15±0.18 | 68.16±0.29 | 67.95±0.39 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 71.70±1.79 | 75.09±0.84 | 73.31±0.78 | 72.71±0.16 |
| 增重率 WGR/% | 5.28±2.28a | 10.16±1.05b | 7.56±0.69ab | 7.01±0.39ab |
| 特定生长率 SGR/(%/d) | 0.13±0.05a | 0.24±0.02b | 0.18±0.02ab | 0.17±0.01ab |
| 体成分(干物质基础) Body composition (DM basis)/% | ||||
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 55.71±0.08a | 56.88±0.28b | 56.81±0.02b | 55.50±0.30a |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 4.53±0.39b | 2.48±0.42a | 2.78±0.20a | 2.85±0.26a |
| 粗灰分 Crude ash | 26.96±0.27c | 25.46±0.09a | 26.08±0.06ab | 26.42±0.30bc |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts represented significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参肠道消化酶活性和抗氧化指标的影响
表4 发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参肠道消化酶活性和抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of replacing algal powder with fermented algal powder on intestinal digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant indexes of Apostichopus japonicus |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
| 蛋白酶 Protease/(U/g) | 0.95±0.19 | 1.25±0.53 | 1.12±0.32 | 1.14±0.57 |
| 淀粉酶 Amylase/(U/mg) | 0.28±0.01a | 0.46±0.04b | 0.36±0.03ab | 0.30±0.02a |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg) | 0.79±0.11 | 1.25±0.16 | 1.25±0.18 | 1.18±0.15 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg) | 0.04±0.02a | 0.17±0.05b | 0.09±0.01ab | 0.16±0.02ab |
2.3 发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参肠道绒毛高度及菌群的影响
图4 刺参肠道菌群在门水平上的组成D0-1、D0-2、D0-3为D0组的3个样本,D1-1、D1-2、D1-3为D1组的3个样本,D2-1、D2-2、D2-3为D2组的3个样本,D3-1、D3-2、D3-3为D3组的3个样本。下图同。 Fig.4 Composition of intestinal microbial flora of Apostichopus japonicus at phylum level D0-1, D0-2, D0-3 were three samples of D0 group, D1-1, D1-2, D1-3 were three samples of D1 group, D2-1, D2-2, D2-3 were three samples of D2 group, and D3-1, D3-2, D3-3 were three samples of D3 group. The same as below. |

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