1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及饲粮
表1 不同月龄滩羊宰前活重和胴体重Table 1 Live weight before slaughter and carcass weight of Tan sheep at different ages kg |
| 项目 Items | 3月龄 3 months of age | 6月龄 6 months of age | 9月龄 9 months of age |
|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter | 40.78±2.09 | 46.24±5.26 | 41.40±1.69 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight | 12.76±0.76 | 22.34±1.59 | 19.24±3.56 |
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米秸秆 Corn stalk | 30.00 |
| 玉米 Corn | 25.00 |
| 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 15.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 10.00 |
| 胚芽粕 Germ meal | 7.00 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 5.50 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 3.00 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 3.00 |
| 糖蜜 Molasses | 1.20 |
| 脱霉剂 Mildew removing agent | 0.30 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.02 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 14.44 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 41.98 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 2.53 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 4.45 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.96 |
| 磷 P | 0.40 |
1) 每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of premix contained the following:VA 1 600 000 IU,VD 800 000 IU,VE 1 000 IU,Cu 160 mg,Fe 500 mg,Zn 800 mg,Mn 600 mg,I 6 mg,Se 1 mg。 2) 代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 样品采集
1.3 RNA提取、文库构建和转录组测序
1.4 测序数据质控、比对
1.5 差异表达分析
1.6 GO功能富集和KEGG通路富集分析
1.7 实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)
表3 引物信息Table 3 Primer information |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences(5'—3') | 产物长度 Product length/bp | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 酰基辅酶A合成酶5 ACSL5 | F:AAAACTGGGACAGAAGGTGGC R:ACTCTGGGAGTTGGTGATGGAC | 184 | NC_056075.1 |
| 载脂蛋白A4 APOA4 | F:CAACAGCGTGCGTGGAA R:GCTGCTGACCTTGTCCCTC | 247 | NC_056068.1 |
| 血管生成素样蛋白8 ANGPTL8 | F:CCAAGAGCTACGTGCGAGTC R:GCCATCATCTCCTGCTTCTGT | 273 | NC_056058.1 |
| 蛋白磷酸酶1调节亚基3C PPP1R3C | F:TCTGGGACAACAACGAGGGT R:TGCCATTCTGGGAAGAGCC | 184 | NC_056075.1 |
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β ACACB | F:AGGATAATCGCAGCCCAGTC R:TTGCTCGTCCCGTCACCA | 219 | NC_056070.1 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:TGACGCTCCCATGTTTGTGA R:GCGTGGACAGTGGTCATAAGT | 162 | NC_056056.1 |
1.8 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 测序数据质量评估
表4 测序数据质量评估Table 4 Sequencing data quality assessment |
| 样品 Samples | 质控后的reads总数 Total number of reads after quality control/条 | 总比对率 Total mapping ratio/% | 唯一比对率 Uniquely mapping ratio/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| M3_1 | 43 071 008 | 96.97 | 95.29 |
| M3_2 | 45 684 690 | 96.91 | 95.59 |
| M3_3 | 47 783 898 | 97.01 | 95.13 |
| M6_1 | 43 730 532 | 97.15 | 95.05 |
| M6_2 | 44 403 010 | 97.05 | 95.24 |
| M6_3 | 45 065 820 | 97.08 | 95.16 |
| M9_1 | 40 059 442 | 96.55 | 95.42 |
| M9_2 | 43 650 516 | 96.65 | 94.96 |
| M9_3 | 37 984 766 | 97.04 | 95.59 |
M3_1、M3_2、M3_3,M6_1、M6_2、M6_3,M9_1、M9_2、M9_3分别为3、6、9月龄滩羊的样本编号。下同。 | |
M3_1, M3_2, M3_3, M6_1, M6_2, M6_3 and M9_1, M9_2, M9_3 were the sample numbers of Tan sheep aged 3, 6 and 9 months, respectively. The same below. |
2.2 差异表达基因筛选与分析
2.2.1 差异表达基因筛选
图1 不同月龄滩羊肝脏差异表达基因聚类热图M3为3月龄,M6为6月龄,M9为9月龄。下图同。 Fig.1 Clustering heat map of differentially expressed genes in liver of Tan sheep at different months of age M3 is 3 months of age, M6 is 6 months of age, and M9 is 9 months of age. The picture below is the same. |
图2 不同月龄滩羊肝脏差异表达基因火山图Down:下调;Up:上调;NoDiffi:无差异 no difference。 Fig.2 Volcano map of differentially expressed genes in liver of Tan sheep at different months of age |
2.2.2 差异表达基因功能富集分析
图4 3、6月龄滩羊肝脏差异表达基因GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析图CC:细胞组分 cell components; MF:分子功能 molecular functions; BP:生物过程 biological processes; Number:富集到此 pathway上的基因个数 the number of genes enriched in this pathway;rich:该pathway 中富集到的差异基因个数与注释到的差异基因个数的比值 the ratio of the number of differential genes enriched in this pathway to the number of differential genes annotated;FDR:错误发现率false discovery rate。图5同 the same as Fig.5。 Actomyosin contractile ring organization:肌动球蛋白收缩环组织;Actomyosin contractile ring assembly:肌动球蛋白收缩环组;Assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytok:细胞内肌动球蛋白装置的组装;Chemical homeostasis:化学体内平衡;Positive regulation of biomineralization:积极调节生物矿化;Microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in:微管细胞骨架组织参与;Positive regulation of biomineral tissue developme:生物矿物组织发育的正向调节;Attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore:纺锤体微管与着丝点的附着;Positive regulation of bone mineralization:积极调节骨矿化;Ion transport:离子传输;Sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activi:硫氨基酸跨膜转运蛋白活性;Folic acid binding:叶酸结合;Chemokine receptor binding:趋化因子受体结合;Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors:氧化还原酶活性,作用于配对供体;Acyl-CoA desaturase activity:酰基辅酶A去饱和酶活性;Sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity:硫化合物跨膜转运蛋白活性;Extracellular matrix structural constituent:细胞外基质结构成分;Chemokine activity:趋化因子的活动;Folic acid receptor activity:叶酸受体活性;Dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter active:二羧酸跨膜转运蛋白活性;Condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore:浓缩核染色体着丝点;Neuromuscular junction:神经肌肉接头;Extrinsic component of external side of plasma mem:等离子体膜外侧面的外部成分;Mitotic spindle:有丝分裂纺锤体;Collagen trimer:胶原蛋白三聚物;Extracellular space:细胞外空间;Extracellular matrix:细胞外基质;Centralspindlin complex:蛋白质复合体;Collagen-containing extracellular matrix:含胶原蛋白的细胞外基质;Extracellular region:细胞外区域;ECM-receptor interaction:ECM-受体交互;IL-17 signaling pathway:白细胞介素-17信号通路;Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation:孕激素介导的卵母细胞成熟;Protein digestion and absorption:蛋白质消化吸收;Cholesterol metabolism:胆固醇代谢;Cell cycle:细胞周期;Intestinal immune network for IgA production:肠道免疫网络产生免疫球蛋白A;Drug metabolism-other enzyme:药物代谢-其他酶;Steroid hormone biosynthesis:类固醇激素生物合成;Toxoplasmosis:弓形体病;Rheumatoid arthritis:类风湿性关节炎;Pentose and glucoronate interconversions:戊糖和葡萄糖酸盐的相互转化;Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor:病毒蛋白与细胞因子及细胞因子受体的相互作用;Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids:不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成;Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism:抗坏血酸和醛酸盐代谢;Arachidonic acid metabolism:花生四烯酸代谢;PPAR signaling pathway:过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体信号通路;Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450:细胞色素P450对外源性药物的代谢作用;Chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts:化学致癌作用-DNA加合物;Retinol metabolism:视黄醇的新陈代谢。 Fig.4 GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed gene in liver of Tan sheep at 3 and 6 months of age |
图5 6、9月龄滩羊肝脏差异表达基因GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析图Regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process:甘油三酯生物合成过程的调控;Water transport:水运输;Lipid transport:脂质运输;Positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic p:甘油三酯生物合成的正调控;Transepithelial water transport:经上皮水运输;Cholesterol transport:胆固醇运输;Sterol transport:甾醇运输;Regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation:骨骼肌适应的调节;Lipid localization:脂质本地化;Regulation of biological quality:生物质量调控;Transmembrane transporter activity:跨膜转运蛋白活性;Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity:有机阴离子跨膜转运活性;Oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or:氧化还原酶活性,作用于醛或;Aldehyde oxidase activity:醛氧化酶活性;Primary active transmembrane transporter activity:初级活性跨膜转运蛋白活性;ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity:ATP酶偶联跨膜转运蛋白活性;Secondary active transmembrane transporter activit:二级活性跨膜转运蛋白活性;Transporter activity:运输活动;Lipid transporter activity:脂质转运体活性;Active transmembrane transporter activity:活性跨膜转运蛋白活性;Integral component of plasma membrane:质膜的组成部分;Intrinsic component of plasma membrane:质膜的固有成分;Spanning component of membrane:膜的跨越分量;Spanning component of plasma membrane:质膜的跨越成分;Growth factor complex:生长因子复合体;Insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex:胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白复合物;Insulin-like growth factor ternary complex:胰岛素样生长因子三元复合物;Microvillus membrane:微绒毛膜;Apical part of cell:细胞的顶端部分;Apical plasma membrane:顶质膜;Insulin secretion:胰岛素分泌;AMPK signaling pathway:腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号通路;Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus:Ⅱ型糖尿病;Carbohydrate digestion and absorption:碳水化合物的消化和吸收;Calcium signaling pathway:钙信号通路;Insulin resistance:胰岛素抵抗;Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450:细胞色素P450对外源性药物的代谢作用;Chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts:化学致癌-DNA加合物;Mineral absorption:矿物质的吸收;Protein digestion and absorption:蛋白质消化吸收;Pentose and glucuronate interconversions:戊糖和葡萄糖酸盐的相互转化;Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism:抗坏血酸和醛酸盐代谢;Steroid hormone biosynthesis:类固醇激素的生物合成;Vitamin B6 metabolism:维生素B6代谢;Porphyrin metabolism:卟啉代谢;Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450:药物代谢-细胞色素P450;Retinol metabolism:视黄醇代谢;Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism:甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的代谢;Bile secretion:胆汁分泌;ABC transporters:ABC转运蛋白。 Fig.5 GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed gene in liver of Tan sheep at 6 and 9 months of age |
表5 部分KEGG通路与差异表达基因富集结果Table 5 Enrichment results of partial KEGG pathways and differentially expressed genes |
| 组别 Groups | 基因 Genes | 信号通路 Signaling pathways | 表达 Expression | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
M3 vs M6 | 酰基辅酶A合成酶5 ACSL5 | 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活 受体信号通路 | 下调 | 0.005 2 |
| 载脂蛋白A4 APOA4 | 胆固醇代谢 | 下调 | 0.031 0 | |
M6 vs M9 | 蛋白磷酸酶1调节亚基3C PPP1R3C | 胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素信号通路 | 上调 | 0.025 1 |
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β ACACB | 胰岛素抵抗、脂肪酸生物合成 | 上调 | 0.035 8 |
表6 共有基因表达结果Table 6 Results of common gene expression |
| 组别 Groups | 基因 Genes | 表达 Expression | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
M3 vs M6 | 血管生成素样蛋白8 ANGPTL8 | 下调 | 0.000 6 |
| 糖原蛋白2 GYG2 | 下调 | <0.000 1 | |
| 5-羟色胺受体2A HTR2A | 下调 | 0.015 5 | |
| 溶质载体家族8成员A3 SLC8A3 | 上调 | 0.037 2 | |
M6 vs M9 | 血管生成素样蛋白8 ANGPTL8 | 上调 | 0.034 8 |
| 糖原蛋白2 GYG2 | 上调 | 0.008 8 | |
| 5-羟色胺受体2A HTR2A | 上调 | 0.044 2 | |
| 溶质载体家族8成员A3 SLC8A3 | 下调 | 0.000 6 |
图6 脂代谢相关基因ClueGo分析Starch and sucrose metabolism:淀粉和蔗糖代谢;Calcium signaling pathway:钙信号通路;Cholesterol metabolism:胆固醇代谢;ANGPTL8:血管生成素样蛋白8 angiopoietin-like protein 8;GYG2:糖原蛋白2 glycogenin 2;HTR2A:5-羟色胺受体2A serotonin receptor 2A;SLC8A3:溶质载体家族8成员A3 solute carrier family 8 members A3。 红色表示上调基因,黑色表示下调基因。The red represented the up-regulated genes, and the black represented the down-regulated genes. Fig.6 ClueGo analysis of fat-metabolism-related genes |
2.3 RT-qPCR验证
图7 RT-qPCR验证结果RT-qPCR :实时荧光定量PCR real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR;ACSL5:酰基辅酶A合成酶5 acyl-CoA synthetase 5;APOA4:载脂蛋白A4 apolipoprotein A4;ANGPTL8:血管生成素样蛋白8 angiopoietin-like protein 8;PPP1R3C:蛋白磷酸酶1调节亚基3C protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C;ACACB:乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β acetyl-coa carboxylase beta。 Fig.7 RT-qPCR verification results |

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