1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 刺梨渣主要营养水平Table 1 Nutrient levels of Rosa roxburghii Tratt residue[1] % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 6.38±0.05 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 1.40±0.08 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 40.67±1.39 |
| 淀粉Starch | 10.04±0.27 |
| 钙Calcium | 0.87±0.03 |
| 可溶性总糖Total soluble sugar | 11.43±0.15 |
1.2 试验饲料
表2 基础饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 25.00 | ||
| 小麦次粉Wheat flour | 20.00 | ||
| 玉米Corn | 15.00 | ||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 20.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 13.50 | ||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | ||
| 鱼油Fish oil | 2.00 | ||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.30 | ||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.20 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 28.00 | ||
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 12.00 | ||
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 5.00 | ||
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 15.00 | ||
| 钙Calcium | 1.50 | ||
| 总磷Total phosphorus | 0.60 | ||
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.90 | ||
| 水分Moisture | 8.50 |
1)每千克预混料含 One kilogram of premix contained the following:VB1 50 mg,VB6 50 mg,VB12 0.125 mg,VB2 50 mg,VD3 37 500 IU,VE 350 IU,VA 50 000 IU,VC 300 IU,VK 250 mg,生物素 biotin 5 mg,烟酸 niacin 500 mg,叶酸 folic acid 15 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 250 mg,赖氨酸 lysine 1 000 mg,肌醇 inositol 140 mg,Cu 625 mg,Fe 18 750 mg,Ca 27.5 mg,Zn 3 000 mg,Co 50 mg,Mn 3 750 mg,I 250 mg,Se 12.5 mg。 2)营养水平为实测值,其中粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、总磷、氯化钠、水分分别参考GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6434—2022、GB/T 6433—2006、GB/T 6438—2007、GB/T 6436—2018、GB/T 6437—2018、GB/T 6439—2023、GB/T 6435—2014测定。Nutrient levels were measured values, in which crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, crude ash, calcium, total phosphorus, NaCl and moisture were referred to GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 6434—2022, GB/T 6433—2006, GB/T 6438—2007, GB/T 6436—2018, GB/T 6437—2018, GB/T 6439—2023 and GB/T 6435—2014 determination. |
1.3 试验设计与养殖管理
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 肠道菌群结构
1.4.3 存活率
1.5 数据统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 刺梨渣对鲤鱼生长性能的影响
表3 刺梨渣对鲤鱼生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt residue on growth performance of common carp |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 刺梨渣组 Rosa roxburghii Tratt residue group |
|---|---|---|
| 初体重Initial body weight/g | 25.10±0.44 | 25.41±0.45 |
| 末体重Final body weight/g | 62.14±2.15 | 68.90±2.03* |
| 存活率Survival rate/% | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 |
| 增重率Weight gain rate/% | 147.54±8.38 | 171.24±11.01* |
| 特定生长率Specific growth rate/(%/d) | 1.51±0.05 | 1.66±0.07* |
2.2 刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道菌群结构的影响
2.2.1 样品测序结果
2.2.2 Alpha多样性分析结果
表4 鲤鱼肠道菌群的Alpha多样性分析Table 4 Alpha diversity analysis of intestinal flora of common carp |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 刺梨渣组 Rosa roxburghii Tratt residue group |
|---|---|---|
| ACE指数ACE index | 1 532.55±164.03 | 1 363.31±119.09 |
| Chao指数Chao index | 1 528.83±156.59 | 1 365.59±112.12 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 8.69±0.09 | 8.13±1.15 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.993 5±0.000 5 | 0.965 1±0.068 5 |
| 覆盖度Goods-coverage | 0.991 8±0.002 4 | 0.993 2±0.002 1 |
2.2.3 Beta多样性分析结果
2.2.4 刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道菌群在门水平上的影响
2.2.5 刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道菌群在属水平上的影响
2.3 刺梨渣对嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966感染鲤鱼存活率的影响
表5 嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966的LD50测定结果Table 5 Results of LD50 determination of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 |
| 项目 Items | 试验数 Number of trials/尾 | 14 d累计死亡数 14 d cumulative number of deaths/尾 | 死亡率 Mortality/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966浓度Aeromonas hydrophila concentration/(CFU/mL) | |||
| 1×1010 | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| 1×109 | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| 1×108 | 10 | 1 | 10 |
| 1×107 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 1×106 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 无菌PBS Sterile PBS | 10 | 0 | 0 |
表6 嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966感染鲤鱼存活率结果Table 6 Results of survival rate of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 infected common carp |
| 项目 Items | 试验数 Number of trials/尾 | 存活率 Survival rate/% | 平均存活率 Average survival rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group | 15 | 26.67 | 24.45 |
| 15 | 20.00 | ||
| 15 | 26.67 | ||
刺梨渣组 Rosa roxburghii Tratt residue group | 15 | 73.33 | 75.56 |
| 15 | 86.67 | ||
| 15 | 66.67 |

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