1 材料与方法
1.1 试验饲料
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 饲料Diets | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 3.00 | 8.90 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 30.00 | 8.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 30.00 | |
| 磷脂Phosphatide | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | 1.10 |
| 面粉Flour | 5.00 | |
| α-淀粉α-starch | 15.00 | |
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix2) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 微晶纤维素 Microcrystalline cellulose | 9.64 | 6.94 |
| 蚕豆粉Faba bean meal | 70.00 | |
| 晶体蛋氨酸Crystal methionine | 0.27 | 0.30 |
| 晶体赖氨酸Crystal lysine | 0.39 | 0.06 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 27.85 | 27.86 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 5.03 | 5.04 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.54 | 0.54 |
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 2.08 | 2.09 |
1)每千克矿物质预混料含有 One kilogram of mineral premix contained the following: MgSO4·H2O 12 g,Ca(IO3)2 230 g,Met-Cu 1.5 g,Met-Co 0.25 g,KCl 36 g,FeSO4·H2O 1 g,Na2SeO3 0.05 g,ZnSO4·H2O 10 g,MnSO4·H2O 1.9 g。 2)每千克维生素预混料含有 One kilogram of vitamin premix contained the following:叶酸 folic acid 1.28 g,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 16 g,烟酸 nicotinic acid 28 g,肌醇 inositol 40 g,生物素 biotin 64 mg,VB12 16 mg,VB1 4 g,VK 4 g,VB6 4.8 g,VB2 8 g,VE 16 g,VA 3 200 000 IU,VD3 1 600 000 IU。 3)粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、粗脂肪(GB/T 6433—2006)和氨基酸(GB/T 18246—2019)均为参考国标方法所得实测值。Crude protein (GB/T 6432—2018), crude lipid (GB/T 6433—2006) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were measured values according to the national standard methods。 |
1.2 试验鱼及饲养管理
1.3 样品采集
1.4 检测指标
1.4.1 生长性能计算
1.4.2 肌肉常规营养组成测定
1.4.3 肌肉游离氨基酸组成测定
1.4.4 肌肉游离脂肪酸组成测定
1.4.5 肌肉土腥味物质含量测定
1.5 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼生长性能的影响
表2 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on growth performance of GIFT |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| 初始体重IBW/g | 400.19±8.70 | 404.03±8.55 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 644.84±22.32 | 668.99±32.00 |
| 摄食量FR/(g/尾) | 353.08±6.27 | 360.86±26.33 |
| 增重率WGR/% | 60.28±5.55 | 66.28±7.95 |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 0.96±0.07 | 1.03±0.10 |
| 饲料系数FC | 2.14±0.15 | 1.80±0.09 |
| 肥满度CF/(g/cm3) | 3.43±0.11 | 3.38±0.07 |
| 肝体比HSI/% | 2.45±0.05 | 2.18±0.14 |
| 肠体比ISI/% | 2.16±0.15b | 1.83±0.07a |
| 脏体比VSI/% | 9.42±0.34b | 8.47±0.16a |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the same row with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letters or the same lowercase letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉常规营养组成的影响
表3 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉常规营养组成的影响Table 3 Effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on conventional nutritional composition in muscle of GIFT % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 19.79±0.17 | 20.12±0.38 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 1.67±0.02b | 1.49±0.05a |
| 水分Moisture | 77.47±0.26 | 76.75±0.97 |
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 1.52±0.07b | 1.24±0.02a |
| 钙Calcium | 0.04±0.01 | 0.04±0.01 |
| 磷Phosphorus | 0.24±0.01 | 0.22±0.00 |
2.3 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉游离氨基酸组成的影响
表4 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉游离氨基酸组成的影响Table 4 Effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on free amino acid composition in muscle of GIFT % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | ||||
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||||
| 组氨酸His | 0.51±0.02 | 0.47±0.03 | |||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.88±0.01 | 0.84±0.03 | |||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.87±0.01 | 0.83±0.04 | |||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.57±0.01 | 0.54±0.02 | |||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.83±0.01 | 0.80±0.04 | |||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.96±0.01 | 0.93±0.03 | |||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 1.57±0.02 | 1.56±0.03 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.86±0.01 | 1.89±0.02 | |||
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 1.97±0.00 | 2.01±0.02 | |||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 2.92±0.02 | 2.99±0.06 | |||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.73±0.01 | 0.76±0.01 | |||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.94±0.01 | 0.97±0.01 | |||
| 精氨酸Arg | 1.22±0.01 | 1.17±0.05 | |||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 1.27±0.01 | 1.34±0.02 | |||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.60±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | |||
| 必需氨基酸总量∑EAA | 8.05±0.11 | 7.86±0.23 | |||
| 非必需氨基酸总量∑NEAA | 9.64±0.06 | 9.86±0.14 | |||
| 氨基酸总量∑AA | 17.70±0.17 | 17.72±0.37 | |||
| 鲜味氨基酸总量∑UAA | 7.10±0.05 | 7.31±0.07 | |||
2.4 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉游离脂肪酸组成的影响
图1 吉富罗非鱼肌肉游离脂肪酸组成分析图a:对2组肌肉样本进行偏最小二乘判别分析;图b:罗非鱼肌肉样本中游离脂肪酸含量热图。A:G0组;B:G70组。sA1、sA2、sA3、sA4、sA5和sA6为G0组的6个样本,sB1、sB2、sB3、sB4、sB5和sB6为G70组的6个样本。 Fig.1 Analysis of free fatty acid composition in muscle of GIFT Figure a: PLS-DA was performed on two groups of muscle samples; figure b: thermogram of free fatty acid contents in muscle samples of tilapia. A: G0 group; B: G70 group. sA1, sA2, sA3, sA4, sA5 and sA6 were six samples from G0 group, and sB1, sB2, sB3, sB4, sB5 and sB6 were six samples from G70 group. |
表5 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉游离脂肪酸组成的影响Table 5 Effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on free fatty acid composition in muscle of GIFT |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | ||||
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA/(μg/g) | |||||
| C6∶0 | 0.32±0.02 | 0.21±0.00 | |||
| C8∶0 | 0.20±0.01b | 0.17±0.00a | |||
| C10∶0 | 0.18±0.02 | 0.15±0.01 | |||
| C11∶0 | 0.25±0.02b | 0.20±0.00a | |||
| C12∶0 | 3.37±0.19b | 0.76±0.06a | |||
| C13∶0 | 0.89±0.15b | 0.42±0.04a | |||
| C14∶0 | 69.27±10.62 | 46.61±9.73 | |||
| C15∶0 | 11.26±2.37b | 3.35±0.33a | |||
| C16∶0 | 556.15±59.82b | 303.51±13.64a | |||
| C17∶0 | 12.03±2.19b | 4.54±0.26a | |||
| C18∶0 | 201.95±14.38 | 156.57±33.95 | |||
| C20∶0 | 7.49±0.87b | 3.35±0.26a | |||
| C21∶0 | 2.45±0.21b | 1.63±0.04a | |||
| C22∶0 | 3.60±0.18b | 2.33±0.03a | |||
| C23∶0 | 2.29±0.04b | 1.86±0.02a | |||
| C24∶0 | 2.24±0.04b | 1.37±0.05a | |||
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA/(μg/g) | |||||
| C14∶1t | 1.66±0.22 | 0.99±0.03 | |||
| C14∶1 | 3.27±0.42 | 2.10±0.12 | |||
| C15∶1t | 0.97±0.03b | 0.84±0.01a | |||
| C16∶1t | 5.66±1.02b | 2.30±0.22a | |||
| C16∶1 | 69.87±10.70 | 39.97±4.62 | |||
| C17∶1t | 2.62±0.40 | 0.83±0.03 | |||
| C17∶1 | 9.08±0.21 | 9.98±0.22 | |||
| C18∶1n-7t | 1.73±0.13b | 1.16±0.02a | |||
| C18∶1n-9t | 5.82±0.67b | 3.79±0.11a | |||
| C18∶1n-12t | 5.23±0.34b | 3.55±0.23a | |||
| C18∶1n-9c | 451.18±45.57b | 270.00±30.38a | |||
| C18∶1n-7 | 68.05±4.91b | 46.56±3.67a | |||
| C19∶1n-9t | 2.52±0.24 | 1.90±0.06 | |||
| C20∶1t | 0.73±0.00b | 0.46±0.00a | |||
| C20∶1 | 35.81±3.04b | 12.66±1.14a | |||
| C22∶1n-9t | 1.86±0.02b | 1.72±0.02a | |||
| C22∶1n-9 | 7.53±0.54 | 6.00±0.24 | |||
| C24∶1 | 10.37±0.69b | 3.18±0.09a | |||
| 多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/(μg/g) | |||||
| C18∶2n-6t | 2.70±0.22 | 1.83±0.02 | |||
| C18∶2n-6 | 478.58±64.62 | 332.24±58.34 | |||
| C18∶3n-3 | 56.96±11.38 | 25.96±5.20 | |||
| C18∶3n-6 | 24.09±2.88 | 18.30±3.53 | |||
| C20∶2 | 28.70±2.58b | 13.38±0.91a | |||
| C20∶3n-3 | 16.03±3.07 | 4.17±0.06 | |||
| C20∶3n-6 | 23.90±1.15b | 17.15±0.83a | |||
| C20∶4n-6 | 83.20±2.41 | 69.35±4.91 | |||
| C20∶5n-3 | 4.45±0.66 | 3.02±0.12 | |||
| C22∶2 | 1.21±0.04b | 0.82±0.07a | |||
| C22∶4 | 37.06±2.19b | 21.43±1.35a | |||
| C22∶5n-3 | 25.04±0.88b | 12.04±0.67a | |||
| C22∶5n-6 | 38.76±0.11 | 33.92±2.80 | |||
| C22∶6n-3 | 82.15±3.10b | 55.24±1.77a | |||
| 饱和脂肪酸总量∑SFA/(μg/g) | 873.97±60.80b | 527.03±25.47a | |||
| 单不饱和脂肪酸总量∑MUFA/(μg/g) | 683.96±59.22b | 407.97±37.64a | |||
| n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸总量∑n-3 PUFA/(μg/g) | 184.64±10.58b | 100.43±6.77a | |||
| n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸总量∑n-6 PUFA/(μg/g) | 651.23±69.43 | 472.78±59.71 | |||
| n-3/n-6比值n-3/n-6 ratio | 0.26±0.01b | 0.20±0.01a | |||
| 多不饱和脂肪酸总量∑PUFA/(μg/g) | 902.84±76.41b | 608.84±67.16a | |||
2.5 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉中土腥味物质含量的影响
表6 饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼肌肉土腥味物质含量的影响Table 6 Effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on fishy smell substances in muscle of GIFT μg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| 土臭素GSM | 0.56±0.02b | 0.48±0.02a |
| 甲基异莰MIB | ND | ND |
| 2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪IPMP | 2.08±0.06 | 1.92±0.06 |
| 2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪IBMP | 1.22±0.08 | 1.07±0.09 |
| 2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚TCA | ND | ND |
ND代表未检出。 | |
ND represented not detected. |

京公网安备 11010802041926号