1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 18.00 | 18.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 23.00 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 13.00 | 11.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 17.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 15.00 | 16.00 |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 45.00 | 44.00 | 39.00 | 36.00 | 28.00 |
| 砻糠Rice chaff | 6.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 |
| 饲料桑Forage mulberry | 6.00 | 12.00 | 18.00 | 24.00 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.49 | 9.45 | 9.47 | 9.49 | 9.51 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.95 | 15.79 | 15.80 | 15.74 | 15.96 |
| 淀粉Starch | 14.93 | 14.63 | 15.33 | 15.26 | 16.35 |
| 粗纤维CF | 19.06 | 19.30 | 19.35 | 19.18 | 19.32 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 33.22 | 33.48 | 32.91 | 33.06 | 32.04 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 22.10 | 22.80 | 22.92 | 23.13 | 23.00 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 3.79 | 3.66 | 3.51 | 3.53 | 3.57 |
| 半纤维素Hemicellulose | 11.12 | 10.68 | 10.00 | 9.93 | 9.04 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 7.09 | 7.24 | 7.22 | 7.26 | 7.17 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.34 | 2.82 | 3.28 | 3.78 | 4.23 |
| 钙Ca | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 |
| 总磷TP | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.52 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.85 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.64 |
1)预混料可为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 40 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 30 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 20 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 10 mg,Mg (as magnesium sulfate) 20 mg,NaCl 4 000 mg,VA 900 IU,VD3 600 IU,VE 60 IU,地克珠利 diclazuril 10 mg。 2)消化能、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸+胱氨酸为计算值,其余为实测值。消化能参考欧洲EGRAN数据库计算,赖氨酸和蛋氨酸+胱氨酸依据开放型饲料配方软件WUFFDA(家兔适用版本)计算。DE, Lys and Met+Cys were calculated values, while the others were measured values. DE was calculated with reference to the European EGRAN database, and Lys and Met+Cys were calculated based on the open feed formula software WUFFDA (applicable to rabbits). |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分含量
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 屠宰性能
1.4.4 肉品质
1.4.5 血清抗氧化指标
1.4.6 养分表观消化率
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different dietary whole plant forage mulberry addition ratios on growth performance of Chuanbai Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | ||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 1 185.00±24.07 | 1 117.00±25.11 | 1 134.83±22.94 | 1 148.00±38.96 | 1 079.17±25.76 | 0.107 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 2 394.67±37.25 | 2 310.33±48.45 | 2 282.33±42.01 | 2 331.33±44.28 | 2 269.67±32.64 | 0.228 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 40.72±0.85 | 40.53±1.22 | 37.80±0.88 | 37.80±0.88 | 40.07±1.04 | 0.071 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 158.76±5.32a | 149.20±4.51b | 142.98±7.22b | 146.91±4.68b | 145.53±8.15b | 0.015 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.89±0.32a | 3.68±0.21b | 3.78±0.18a | 3.88±0.35a | 3.63±0.29b | 0.025 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔屠宰性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of different dietary whole plant forage mulberry addition ratios on slaughter performance of Chuanbai Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | ||
| 屠宰前体重 Pre-slaughter weight/g | 2 336.67±16.97 | 2 286.67±31.59 | 2 246.33±26.6 | 2 357.33±41.89 | 2 326.67±13.69 | 0.288 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated ratio/% | 47.39±0.51ab | 46.78±0.28ab | 46.21±0.56ab | 45.82±0.52b | 47.89±0.92a | 0.018 |
| 半净膛率 Semi-eviscerated ratio/% | 53.57±0.57ab | 53.32±0.34ab | 52.77±0.55ab | 52.38±0.54b | 54.68±1.02a | 0.014 |
| 器官指数 Organ index/% | 4.42±0.14 | 4.68±0.25 | 4.83±0.26 | 4.68±0.13 | 4.41±0.13 | 0.167 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index/% | 0.26±0.02 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.661 |
| 肝脏指数 Liver index/% | 3.85±0.14 | 4.10±0.26 | 4.22±0.18 | 4.07±0.10 | 3.83±0.11 | 0.380 |
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index/% | 0.05±0.00b | 0.06±0.01ab | 0.08±0.01a | 0.07±0.01ab | 0.06±0.01ab | 0.005 |
| 心脏指数 Heart index/% | 0.26±0.01ab | 0.24±0.01b | 0.27±0.01a | 0.26±0.00ab | 0.26±0.01ab | 0.002 |
2.3 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔肉品质的影响
表4 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of different dietary whole plant forage mulberry addition ratios on meat quality of Chuanbai Rex rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | ||
| 滴水损失率 Drip loss ratio | 37.27±0.62 | 36.07±0.72 | 35.99±1.29 | 36.97±1.16 | 37.03±0.76 | 0.767 |
| 熟肉率 Cooked meat ratio | 62.73±0.62 | 63.93±0.72 | 64.01±1.29 | 63.03±1.16 | 62.97±0.76 | 0.532 |
| 干物质DM | 24.90±0.07a | 24.56±0.07a | 23.47±0.16b | 24.40±0.20a | 23.63±0.27b | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 82.79±0.59e | 87.99±0.39c | 89.25±0.30b | 85.84±0.26d | 90.87±0.34a | <0.001 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 9.04±0.07a | 4.48±0.04b | 3.64±0.16c | 3.55±0.10c | 3.28±0.10d | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.26±0.11b | 6.39±0.12ab | 6.22±0.06b | 6.40±0.11ab | 6.49±0.07a | 0.037 |
2.4 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different dietary whole plant forage mulberry addition ratios on serum antioxidant indices of Chuanbai Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | ||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 21.21±0.27 | 21.39±0.57 | 21.59±0.50 | 21.11±0.52 | 21.20±0.39 | 0.164 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 8.94±1.98b | 8.76±0.81b | 10.34±0.94ab | 11.92±0.76ab | 13.14±0.72a | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(μmol/L) | 17.77±0.60 | 17.68±0.79 | 17.45±4.01 | 16.82±0.71 | 16.70±1.07 | 0.435 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 8.20±1.16c | 15.96±2.28ab | 16.45±0.90a | 15.04±1.89ab | 11.53±0.42b | <0.001 |
| 总胆汁酸 TBA/(μmol/L) | 19.11±3.03a | 12.66±3.13ab | 9.94±0.85bc | 5.05±1.17c | 7.68±0.40bc | <0.001 |
2.5 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔养分表观消化率的影响
表6 饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 6 Effects of different dietary whole plant forage mulberry addition ratios on nutrient apparent digestibility of Chuanbai Rex rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | 饲料桑添加比例Forage mulberry addition ratios/% | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | ||
| 干物质DM | 69.43±2.10c | 70.88±3.87c | 78.88±2.72a | 77.88±3.34a | 75.73±2.42b | 0.024 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 79.66±1.66b | 76.46±2.84c | 82.08±1.22a | 80.35±1.02b | 73.92±2.14d | 0.005 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 39.25±3.14d | 31.16±1.95e | 52.57±1.32a | 48.32±1.58b | 45.20±3.67c | 0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 29.54±4.19b | 30.12±4.73b | 39.89±2.75a | 30.42±1.75b | 22.59±2.34c | 0.003 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 70.10±3.73c | 72.55±2.73b | 75.17±2.65a | 71.07±2.60b | 74.60±3.51a | 0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 41.13±2.25d | 41.12±1.92d | 61.41±2.64b | 64.57±1.57a | 54.50±2.94c | 0.006 |

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