1 材料与方法
1.1 鹅源益生菌的分离、筛选和鉴定
1.1.1 培养基制备
1.1.2 样品采集
1.1.3 细菌的分离和纯化
1.1.4 菌种鉴定
1.1.5 生物学特性的检测
1.2 益生菌灌服试验
1.2.1 益生菌制剂制备和饲粮组成
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 基础饲粮 Basal diet | 高蛋白质饲粮 High protein diet |
|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 20.0 | 22.0 |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 10.0 | |
| 麸皮Bran | 9.0 | 11.4 |
| 米糠Rice bran | 14.9 | |
| 稻壳粉Rice hulls | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 合计Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.0 | 24.0 |
| 粗纤维CF | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| 钙Ca | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.8 | 1.2 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.6 | 0.8 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 1 400 IU,VD 3 600 IU,VE100 IU,VK 328 mg,VB1 12 mg,VB2 62 mg,VB6 18 mg,VB12 0.12 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 20 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 318 mg,叶酸 folic acid 11.6 mg,生物素 biotin 1.6 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 90 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 90 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 25 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 4.5 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 7 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 2 500 mg。 2)代谢能和非植酸磷为计算值,其余为实测值。ME and NPP were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.2.2 试验设计与饲养管理
1.2.3 样品采集
1.2.4 血清生化指标测定
1.2.5 Western blot测定
1.2.6 RT-qPCR
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number |
|---|---|---|
| 尿酸转运蛋白1 URAT1 | F:TCACCACCCAGAACATGCTG R:GGAGACGGCCAGAAGAACAT | NM_009203 |
| 葡萄糖转运体9 GLUT9 | F:TCCTACTGCTTCCTCGTCT R:TGGGTTCTGTTCTTGGTCT | XM_006503687 |
| 有机阴离子转运体1 OAT1 | F:TGTGCCTTTTTTCGTTG R:TAGCCCCCTCTTCTTGT | NM_008766 |
| ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2 ABCG2 | F:ACTGAAGAAGACGGTGGATGCT R:GTTGTCCGTTACATTGAATCCTGG | XM_006506150 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:GTGGCAAAGTGGAGATTGTTG R:CGTTGAATTTGCCGTGAGTG | NM_008084 |
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 细菌的分离、筛选和鉴定
图1 细菌的分离和筛选A:乳酸菌在MRS培养基上生长形态 the growth morphology of lactic acid bacteria on MRS medium;B:乳酸菌革兰氏染色 lactic acid bacteria Gram staining;C:芽孢杆菌在甘露醇多黏菌素培养基上生长形态 Bacillus grew on mannitol polymyxin medium;D:芽孢杆菌革兰氏染色 Bacillus Gram staining;E:乳酸菌产酸特性曲线 acid production characteristic curve of lactic acid bacteria;F:芽孢杆菌生化特性反应,红色代表反应阳性 biochemical characteristics of the bacillus reaction, red represents a positive reaction。 Fig.1 Isolation and screening of bacteria |
图2 细菌的鉴定和生物学特性A:琼脂糖凝胶电泳 agarose gel electrophoresis;B:系统发育树(WX2011) phylogenetic tree (WX2011);C:系统发育树(WX2104) phylogenetic tree (WX2104);D:生长曲线 growth curve;E:产酸特性曲线 acid production characteristic curve;F:胆盐耐受曲线 bile salt tolerance curve。 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain R094:副干酪乳杆菌R094株;Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NBRC 15535:解淀粉芽孢杆菌NBRC 15535株。 Fig.2 Identification and biological characterization of bacteria |
2.2 益生菌对雏鹅生长性能的影响
表3 益生菌对雏鹅生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of probiotics on growth performance of goslings g |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | MC | RLD | RMD | RHD | |||
| 副干酪乳杆菌Lacticaseibacillus paracasei WX2011 | |||||||
| 体重BW | 547.36a | 472.67c | 480.60c | 538.86a | 508.95b | 6.40 | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI | 45.38a | 38.03c | 39.67c | 43.53a | 38.97c | 0.76 | 0.002 |
| 解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WX2104 | |||||||
| 体重BW | 547.36a | 472.67b | 479.73b | 482.56b | 535.68a | 6.69 | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI | 45.38a | 38.03b | 37.85b | 39.42b | 44.81a | 1.31 | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.3 益生菌对雏鹅血清生化指标的影响
图3 益生菌对雏鹅血清生化指标的影响不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。Different small letters represent significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. A:不同剂量的副干酪乳杆菌WX2011-R对血清UN、CRE、UA含量和XOD活性的影响 effects of different doses of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei WX2011-R on UN, CRE, UA contents and XOD activity in serum;B:不同剂量的解淀粉芽孢杆菌WX2104-S对血清UN、CRE、UA含量和XOD活性的影响 effects of different doses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WX2104-S on UN, CRE, UA contents and XOD activity in serum。 Fig.3 Effects of probiotics on serum biochemical indices of goslings |
2.4 益生菌对雏鹅尿酸代谢相关转运蛋白表达的影响
图4 益生菌对雏鹅尿酸代谢相关转运蛋白表达的影响A:不同剂量的副干酪乳杆菌WX2011-R对URAT1、GLUT9、OAT1和ABCG2蛋白表达的影响 effects of different doses of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei WX2011-R on protein expression of URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2;B:不同剂量的解淀粉芽孢杆菌WX2104-S对URAT1、GLUT9、OAT1和ABCG2蛋白表达的影响 effects of different doses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WX2104-S on protein expression of URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2。URAT1:尿酸转运蛋白1 uric acid transporter 1; GLUT9:葡萄糖转运蛋白9 glucose transporter 9;OAT1:有机阴离子转运体1 organic anion transporter 1; ABCG2:ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2; ATP binding box subfamily G member 2。 Fig.4 Effects of probiotics on expression of transporter proteins related to uric acid metabolism in goslings |
2.5 益生菌对雏鹅尿酸代谢相关基因表达的影响
图5 益生菌对雏鹅尿酸代谢相关基因表达的影响A:不同剂量的副干酪乳杆菌WX2011-R对URAT1、GLUT9、OAT1和ABCG2的影响 effects of different doses of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei WX2011-R on URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2;B:不同剂量的解淀粉芽孢杆菌WX2104-S对URAT1、GLUT9、OAT1和ABCG2的影响 effects of different doses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WX2104-S on URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2。URAT1:尿酸转运蛋白1 uric acid transporter 1; GLUT9:葡萄糖转运蛋白9 glucose transporter 9;OAT1:有机阴离子转运体1 organic anion transporter 1; ABCG2:ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2 ATP binding box subfamily G member 2。 Fig.5 Effects of probiotics on expression of genes related to uric acid metabolism in goslings |

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