1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 试验原料
1.1.2 试验试剂
1.2 试验仪器与设备
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 试验设计
1.3.2 标准溶液配制
1.3.3 前处理方法
1.3.4 色谱条件
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 8种有机酸检出限、定量限、标准曲线相关性及线性范围
图1 8种有机酸标准曲线重叠色谱图Fig.1 Standard curve overlapping chromatogram of eight organic acids |
表1 8种有机酸检出限、定量限、相关系数及线性范围Table 1 Detection limit, quantification limit, correlation coefficient and linear range of eight organic acids |
| 项目 Items | 检出限Detection limit | 方法定量限 Quantitative limit of method/(g/kg) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 线性范围 Linear range/ (μg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 方法 Method/(g/kg) | 仪器 Instrument/ (μmol/L) | ||||
| 乳酸Lactic acid | 0.05 | 3.70 | 0.15 | 0.999 8 | 1~500 |
| 甲酸Formic acid | 0.02 | 7.25 | 0.05 | 0.999 9 | 1~500 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid | 0.02 | 5.56 | 0.06 | 0.999 9 | 1~500 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid | 0.04 | 4.50 | 0.12 | 0.999 8 | 1~500 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.06 | 3.79 | 0.18 | 0.999 4 | 1~500 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 0.06 | 3.79 | 0.18 | 0.999 6 | 1~500 |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 0.15 | 3.27 | 0.45 | 0.999 9 | 1~500 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.15 | 3.27 | 0.45 | 0.999 5 | 1~500 |
2.2 回收率和精密度
图2 肠道内容物添加不同含量8种有机酸标准品重叠色谱图Fig.2 Overlapping chromatograms of eight organic acid standard substances with different contents added to intestinal contents (n=5) |
图3 粪便添加不同含量8种有机酸标准品重叠色谱图Fig.3 Overlapping chromatograms of eight organic acid standard substances with different contents added to feces (n=5) |
表2 肠道内容物添加8种有机酸回收率Table 2 Recovery rates of eight organic acids added to intestinal contents |
| 项目 Items | 本底含量 Background content/(g/kg) | 添加含量 Adding content/(g/kg) | 测得含量 Measured content (n=5)/(g/kg) | 相对标准偏差 Relative standard deviation (n=5)/% | 回收率 Recovery rate (n=5)/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乳酸Lactic acid | 1.05 | 1 4 10 | 2.02 5.18 11.45 | 2.28 1.46 6.83 | 104.74 107.62 108.90 |
| 甲酸Formic acid | 0.02 | 1 4 10 | 0.82 3.94 10.47 | 2.74 1.68 7.26 | 83.16 99.51 106.61 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid | 4.54 | 1 4 10 | 5.42 8.84 15.43 | 2.81 1.46 5.42 | 93.96 111.47 113.29 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid | 1.52 | 1 4 10 | 2.61 6.18 13.13 | 2.53 1.06 6.65 | 111.98 116.16 116.43 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | ND | 1 4 10 | 0.84 4.37 9.74 | 3.04 2.64 6.80 | 89.60 112.46 100.76 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 1.10 | 1 4 10 | 2.10 5.64 12.48 | 2.41 0.34 7.25 | 97.55 107.74 108.60 |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 0.11 | 1 4 10 | 1.02 4.18 10.18 | 8.75 2.36 9.02 | 94.71 102.44 101.90 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | ND | 1 4 10 | 0.78 3.82 10.16 | 7.23 5.49 7.14 | 80.28 97.09 103.95 |
表3 粪便添加8种有机酸回收率Table 3 Recovery rates of eight organic acids added to feces |
| 项目 Items | 本底含量 Background content/(g/kg) | 添加含量 Adding content/ (g/kg) | 测得含量 Measured content (n=5)/(g/kg) | 相对标准偏差 Relative standard deviation (n=5)/% | 回收率 Recovery rate (n=5)/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乳酸Lactic acid | 0.63 | 1 4 10 | 1.63 4.79 11.00 | 5.80 6.53 7.98 | 101.97 109.20 110.18 | ||||||
| 甲酸Formic acid | ND | 1 4 10 | 0.74 3.56 9.67 | 8.39 7.94 8.45 | 72.11 90.81 100.14 | ||||||
| 乙酸Acetic acid | 4.31 | 1 4 10 | 5.32 8.63 15.31 | 2.66 3.75 6.93 | 102.28 112.57 116.07 | ||||||
| 丙酸Propionic acid | 2.62 | 1 4 10 | 3.75 7.15 14.11 | 2.69 5.11 6.39 | 110.07 113.81 116.99 | ||||||
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.09 | 1 4 10 | 0.93 3.80 9.58 | 7.22 9.59 7.75 | 83.58 95.96 99.60 | ||||||
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 1.00 | 1 4 10 | 2.16 5.46 12.39 | 3.66 7.22 7.01 | 106.70 106.41 110.36 | ||||||
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 0.29 | 1 4 10 | 1.34 4.37 10.19 | 5.40 6.63 7.50 | 102.04 103.37 101.73 | ||||||
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.46 | 1 4 10 | 1.42 4.27 10.44 | 6.87 6.33 7.22 | 94.93 97.85 103.64 |
图4 肠道内容物中8种有机酸色谱图Fig.4 Chromatograms of eight organic acids in intestinal contents |
3 讨论
表4 本试验方法与部分其他方法指标比对Table 4 Indicator comparation among this test method and some other methods |
| 方法 Methods | 前处理 Pre processing | 可检出物质 Detectable substances | 仪器检出限 Instrument detection limit/(μmol/L) | 回收率 Recovery rate/% | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 气相色谱法 Gas chromatography | 需衍生 | 丁酸、己酸等 | 0.50~0.80 | [18] | |
| 需衍生 | 乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、 戊酸、异戊酸、己酸 | 0.13~0.42 | 65.42~117.69 | [19] | |
| 直接进样 (顶空气相色谱法) | 乙酸、丙酸、丁酸 | 36.00~329.00 | 93.54~108.13 | [20] | |
| 气相色谱-质谱法 Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry | 衍生或针对特定样品的 特定前处理方法 | 乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、 异戊酸、戊酸、己酸 | 0.75~4.00 | 85.04~106.59 | [21] |
| 本试验方法 This test method | 不需衍生 | 乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、 丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸 | 3.27~7.25 | 80.28~116.99 |

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