1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和饲粮
表1 泌乳母猪基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet for lactating sows (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 50.58 | 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 13.98 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal (46% CP) | 17.60 | 粗蛋白质CP | 16.63 | |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 16.00 | 钙Ca | 0.86 | |
| 面粉Flour | 5.00 | 总磷TP | 0.73 | |
| 膨化大豆Expanded soybean | 5.00 | 有效磷AP | 0.43 | |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.16 | 粗纤维CF | 2.91 | |
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.05 | 粗灰分Ash | 7.61 | |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 1.70 | 粗脂肪EE | 6.11 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.11 | 赖氨酸Lys | 1.04 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.70 | 蛋氨酸Met | 0.26 | |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.20 | 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.53 | |
| 抗氧化剂Antioxidant | 0.04 | 苏氨酸Thr | 0.68 | |
| 防霉剂Mould inhibitor | 0.03 | 色氨酸Try | 0.19 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | |||
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.03 | |||
| 矿物质Mineral premix2) | 0.40 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 7 200 IU,VD3 1 440 IU,25-羟基维生素D3 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 30 μg,VE 60 IU,VK3 2.88 mg,VB1 0.12 mg,VB2 4.32 mg,VB6 2.16 mg,VB12 15 μg,D-生物素 D-biotin 0.288 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenate 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2.4 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 24 mg。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 20 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 30 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.5 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg。 3)消化能和有效磷根据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版)》计算而得,其他为实测值。DE and AP were calculated according to Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (31st edition, 2020), while the others were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生长性能和腹泻率
1.4.2 肠道形态
1.4.3 肠道紧密连接蛋白基因表达
表2 引物信息Table 2 Primer information |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物长度 Product size/bp | 登录号 Accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 封闭蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | F:AGAAGATGCGGATGGCTGTCATTG R:ACCATACCATGCTGTGGCAACTAAG | 83 | NM_001244539.1 |
| 闭合蛋白 Occludin | F:GTAGTCGGGTTCGTTTCC R:GACCTGATTGCCTAGAGTGT | 167 | NM_001163647.2 |
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | F:CTCTTGGCTTGCTATTCG R:AGTCTTCCCTGCTCTTGC | 256 | NM_013993251.1 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:GAAGGTCGGAGTGAACGGAT R:CATGGGTAGAATCATACTGGAACA | 158 | NM_001206359.1 |
1.4.4 盲肠菌群
1.5 数据统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响
表3 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响Table 3 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on growth performance and diarrhea rate of suckling piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LP | LR | PR | |||
| 初始体重Initial body weight/kg | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.20 | 0.06 | 0.839 |
| 终末体重Final body weight/kg | 2.11b | 2.52ab | 2.18b | 3.14a | 0.15 | 0.028 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 106.33b | 140.67ab | 109.00b | 194.00a | 13.97 | 0.047 |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 2.76a | 1.67b | 1.87b | 0.00c | 0.66 | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant differences (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪肠道形态的影响
表4 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪肠道形态的影响Table 4 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on intestinal morphology of suckling piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LP | LR | PR | |||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 512.35 | 617.65 | 653.06 | 628.90 | 32.68 | 0.450 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 222.28 | 194.05 | 211.42 | 245.02 | 9.48 | 0.328 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 2.30 | 3.38 | 3.46 | 2.77 | 0.19 | 0.070 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 429.91 | 605.34 | 603.54 | 568.64 | 45.09 | 0.525 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 104.81 | 103.69 | 114.45 | 126.38 | 5.29 | 0.432 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 4.27 | 5.83 | 5.49 | 4.70 | 0.38 | 0.495 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 525.31b | 850.52a | 802.63a | 743.32a | 44.07 | 0.024 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 104.99 | 98.07 | 100.18 | 110.92 | 4.28 | 0.763 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 5.19b | 8.64a | 8.14a | 6.84a | 0.56 | 0.019 |
2.3 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪肠道紧密连接蛋白基因表达的影响
图1 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪空肠紧密连接蛋白基因表达的影响数据柱标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图2同。 Fig.1 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on jejunal tight junction protein gene expression of suckling piglets Data columns marked with different letters indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Fig.2. |
2.4 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群的影响
2.4.1 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群多样性的影响
表5 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on alpha diversity of cecal microbiota of suckling piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LP | LR | PR | |||
| Ace指数Ace index | 184.02b | 227.83a | 229.38a | 234.16a | 6.85 | 0.017 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 184.88b | 230.56a | 231.77a | 234.71a | 6.94 | 0.017 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.315 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 4.63 | 4.55 | 5.18 | 4.47 | 0.12 | 0.125 |
2.4.2 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群结构的影响
图5 哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群在门水平上物种分布柱状图Fig.5 Histogram of species distribution in cecal microbiota at phylum level of suckling piglets |
表6 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群在门水平上相对丰度(前5)的影响Table 6 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on relative abundance (top 5) of cecal microbiota of suckling piglets at phylum level % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LP | LR | PR | |||
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 49.49 | 63.13 | 59.77 | 58.18 | 2.29 | 0.183 |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 36.50 | 27.66 | 29.95 | 34.63 | 1.78 | 0.233 |
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 3.61 | 5.29 | 8.50 | 4.81 | 0.90 | 0.277 |
| 梭杆菌门Fusobacteriota | 6.27a | 0.43b | 1.43b | 0.72b | 0.37 | 0.027 |
| 脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 1.30 | 1.50 | 1.27 | 1.44 | 0.23 | 0.986 |
图6 哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群在属水平上物种分布柱状图Fig.6 Histogram of species distribution in cecal microbiota at genus level of suckling piglets |
表7 植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪盲肠菌群在属水平上相对丰度(前5)的影响Table 7 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on relative abundance (top 5) of cecal microbiota of suckling piglet at genus level % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LP | LR | PR | |||
| 乳杆菌属Lactobacillus | 19.07b | 40.56a | 25.45ab | 37.86a | 2.85 | 0.009 |
| 拟杆菌属Bacteroides | 24.08a | 6.21bc | 9.54bc | 4.34c | 1.22 | 0.001 |
| 芽孢杆菌属Bacillus | 10.31 | 6.39 | 11.51 | 9.37 | 1.51 | 0.700 |
| 未分类普雷沃氏菌科 Unclassified_Prevotellaceae | 0.32c | 9.37b | 6.86b | 19.88a | 1.19 | 0.013 |
| 放线杆菌属Actinobacillus | 1.67 | 3.02 | 2.55 | 3.20 | 0.69 | 0.809 |

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