1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 指标测定
1.2.1 不同物候期牧草营养成分测定
1.2.2 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃VFAs浓度测定
1.2.3 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃菌群相对密度测定
表1 菌群相对密度引物序列Table 1 Primer sequence of bacterial relative density |
| 项目 Items | 引物序列 Primers sequence (5'—3') | 长度 Length/bp | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 登录号 Accession number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 溶纤维丁酸弧菌 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | F:CCTGACTAAGAAGCACCGGC R:GTAAAACCGCCTACGCTCCC | 107 | 60 | U41167.1 |
| 丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium butyricum | F:CAGAATGTCGCGGTGAATAC R:CGGTTAGCTCACGAACTTTG | 92 | 60 | NR-042144.1 |
| 白色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus albus | F:GGGCTTAACCCCTGAACTGC R:TCGCCACTGATGTTCCTCCT | 114 | 60 | X85098.1 |
| 嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌 Ruminobacter amyiophilus | F:GGGGACAACACCTGGAAACG R:CTTGGTAGGCCGTTACCCCA | 124 | 60 | Y15992.1 |
| 反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas ruminantium | F:AGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTAC R:TCTCCTGCACTCAAGAAGAC | 169 | 60 | AB198442.1 |
| 布氏密螺旋体菌 Treponemonas brucei | F:ATGGCAGGTACAGAGTGAAG R:TTCAAGGAGTCGGGTTTCAG | 95 | 60 | NR-118718.2 |
| 细菌 Bacterium | F:CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG R:TTACCGCGGCTGCTGG | 181 | 60 | * |
*表示细菌是管家基因序列16S rRNA序列。 | |
* indicated that the bacterium was the steward gene 16S rRNA sequence. |
1.2.4 VFAs转运相关基因表达测定
1.3 数据分析
表2 VFAs转运基因表达引物序列Table 2 Primer sequence of VFAs transporter gene expression |
| 项目 Items | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 长度 Length/bp | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 登录号 Accession number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阴离子交换蛋白2 Anion exchanger 2 | F:AAGATCCCTGAGAACGCCGA R:AGCAGAAAGAGGAAGCGCAC | 152 | 60 | XM_027969012.1 |
| 下调式腺瘤载体 Downregulated in adenoma | F:TGTGGCGGCTTCCAGAATTT R:CACAGGCTTGTTTGGGAGCA | 167 | 60 | NM_001280717.1 |
| 单羧酸转运蛋白1 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 | F:GGACTGTGTCATCTGGCAGC R:TGGGGTCCAACAAGGTCCAT | 134 | 60 | XM_004002335.4 |
| 单羧酸转运蛋白4 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 | F:ACGGCTCAGCCTTAGTAAACTTC R:AATGGAGTTGTGCGAGTTGGT | 144 | 60 | NC_0402252.1 |
| 钠氢离子交换蛋白1 Na+/H+ exchange 1 | F:GCTTCTTCGTGGTGTCCCTG R:CCATGATGCCTGACAGGTGG | 174 | 60 | XM_004005085.4 |
| 钠氢离子交换蛋白2 Na+/H+ exchange 2 | F:TTCTTTGTCGTGGGGATCGG R:CGTGATTGCCATGATGCCTG | 180 | 60 | XM_027967037.1 |
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | F:AGCCTTCCTTCCTGGGCATGGA R:GGACAGCACCGTGTTGGCGTAGA | 113 | 60 | NM_001009784 |
2 结果
2.1 不同物候期牧草的营养成分
表3 不同物候期牧草的营养成分Table 3 Nutrient composition of forage in different phenological periods % |
| 项目 Items | 返青期 Regreening period | 青草期 Green grass period | 枯草期 Grass withering period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass/(g/m2) | 96.72 | 217.67 | 109.17 |
| 干物质DM/% | 93.25±0.14b | 89.59±0.64c | 94.19±0.23a |
| 粗脂肪EE/% | 2.77±0.16b | 3.41±0.26a | 0.64±0.03c |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 6.45±0.16b | 19.02±0.69a | 5.71±0.16c |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% | 44.97±0.74c | 55.52±1.24b | 58.44±0.17a |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% | 29.05±2.22 | 27.20±4.92 | 33.20±2.60 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃VFAs浓度
表4 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃VFAs浓度Table 4 VFAs concentration in compound stomach of Tibetan sheep in different phenological periods mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 返青期 Regreening period | 青草期 Green grass period | 枯草期 Grass withering period | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃 Rumen | 乙酸Acetic acid | 40.73±0.30c | 60.57±0.57a | 48.32±1.09b |
| 丙酸Propanoic acid | 7.60±0.25c | 11.66±0.18a | 8.59±0.51b | |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.75±0.15b | 1.65±0.47a | 0.30±0.08b | |
| 丁酸Butanoic acid | 2.02±0.82c | 9.29±0.33a | 4.90±0.59b | |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 2.00±0.54a | 2.64±0.30a | 0.40±0.29b | |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.77±0.45 | 1.19±0.19 | 0.55±0.40 | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFAs | 53.88±1.27c | 86.99±0.30a | 63.07±1.75b | |
| 网胃 Reticulum | 乙酸Acetic acid | 20.47±0.45c | 42.88±0.63a | 33.83±0.61b |
| 丙酸Propanoic acid | 4.62±0.33c | 9.69±0.33a | 6.50±0.24b | |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.76±0.17a | 0.36±0.08b | 0.87±0.20a | |
| 丁酸Butanoic acid | 1.68±0.13b | 4.46±0.33a | 4.33±0.01a | |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 1.71±0.16a | 0.50±0.06c | 1.29±0.06b | |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.68±0.15 | 0.56±0.17 | 0.43±0.03 | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFAs | 29.91±0.48c | 58.46±1.42a | 47.26±0.71b | |
| 瓣胃 Omasum | 乙酸Acetic acid | 13.16±0.27c | 22.55±0.36a | 14.90±0.65b |
| 丙酸Propanoic acid | 3.72±0.20b | 6.35±0.25a | 3.21±0.09c | |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.52±0.09b | 2.42±0.20a | 0.46±0.05b | |
| 丁酸Butanoic acid | 0.92±0.40 | 1.30±0.41 | 1.55±0.32 | |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid | 0.11±0.04c | 1.67±0.27a | 0.82±0.05b | |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.10±0.04c | 0.52±0.09a | 0.34±0.09b | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFAs | 18.53±0.55c | 34.82±0.93a | 21.28±0.62b | |
| 皱胃 Abomasum | 乙酸Acetic acid | 11.56±0.30b | 14.18±0.80a | 6.79±0.25c |
| 丙酸Propanoic acid | 3.70±0.49b | 5.79±0.65a | 1.90±0.04c | |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid | 0.64±0.35b | 2.07±1.38a | 0.14±0.00c | |
| 丁酸Butanoic acid | 0.02±0.03c | 1.27±0.10a | 0.28±0.01b | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFAs | 15.92±0.38b | 27.35±1.93a | 9.11±0.21c |
2.3 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃VFAs转运相关基因表达
图1 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃VFAs转运基因表达AE2:阴离子交换蛋白2 anion exchanger 2;DRA:下调式腺瘤载体 downregulated in adenoma;MCT1:单羧酸转运蛋白1 monocarboxylate transporter 1;MCT4:单羧酸转运蛋白4 monocarboxylate transporter 4;NHE1:钠氢离子交换蛋白1 Na+/H+ exchange 1;NHE2:钠氢离子交换蛋白2 Na+/H+ exchange 2。 数据柱标相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Expression of VFAs transport genes in complex stomach of Tibetan sheep in different phenological periods Value columns with the same small letter mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.4 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃菌群相对密度
表5 不同物候期藏绵羊复胃菌群相对密度Table 5 Bacterial relative density in complex stomach of Tibetan sheep in different phenological periods % |
| 项目 Items | 返青期 Regreening period | 青草期 Green grass period | 枯草期 Grass withering period | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃 Rumen | 溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 7.02±0.68b | 14.35±2.76a | 3.59±0.29c |
| 丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium butyricum | 0.00±0.01 | ND | ND | |
| 白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus albus | 2.72±0.25a | 1.04±0.06b | 1.23±0.22b | |
| 嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌Ruminobacter amyiophilus | 1.03±0.14a | 0.41±0.01b | 0.55±0.05b | |
| 反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonas ruminantium | 0.06±0.01b | 0.26±0.03a | 0.04±0.01b | |
| 布氏密螺旋体菌Treponemonas brucei | 1.71±0.09b | 5.73±0.16a | 1.60±0.22b | |
| 网胃 Reticulum | 溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 6.28±1.70b | 8.79±0.62a | 2.71±0.55c |
| 丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium butyricum | 0.13±0.02 | ND | ND | |
| 白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus albus | 1.09±0.09 | 0.93±0.07 | 1.08±0.11 | |
| 嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌Ruminobacter amyiophilus | 0.29±0.05b | 0.42±0.13a | 0.50±0.05a | |
| 反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonas ruminantium | 0.19±0.01b | 0.23±0.02a | 0.04±0.00c | |
| 瓣胃 Omasum | 溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 5.46±0.78 | 8.46±7.38 | 5.82±0.69 |
| 丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium butyricum | 0.02±0.00 | ND | 0.01±0.00 | |
| 白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus albus | 2.42±0.34a | 0.93±0.07c | 1.85±0.03b | |
| 嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌Ruminobacter amyiophilus | 0.64±0.02c | 0.97±0.02b | 1.09±0.09a | |
| 反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonas ruminantium | 1.09±0.19a | 0.57±0.12b | 0.09±0.01c | |
| 布氏密螺旋体菌Treponemonas brucei | 5.56±0.55a | 5.01±0.13a | 1.45±0.25b | |
| 皱胃 Abomasum | 溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 4.46±0.13a | 3.12±0.08b | 4.81±0.49a |
| 丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium butyricum | 0.02±0.00 | ND | ND | |
| 白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus albus | 1.83±0.10a | 0.16±0.01c | 0.69±0.02b | |
| 嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌Ruminobacter amyiophilus | 0.92±0.08a | 0.08±0.00c | 0.19±0.02b | |
| 反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonas ruminantium | 0.06±0.01 | 0.06±0.01 | ND | |
| 布氏密螺旋体菌Treponemonas brucei | 2.97±0.15a | 1.10±0.13b | 1.02±0.04b |
ND代表含量极低或未检测到。 | |
ND mean content very low or not detected. |
2.5 不同物候期牧草营养成分与藏绵羊复胃菌群相对密度的相关性
图2 不同物候期牧草营养成分与藏绵羊复胃菌群相对密度的相关性EE:粗脂肪 ether extract;CP:粗蛋白质 crude protein;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;Bf:溶纤维丁酸弧菌 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens;Cb:丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium butyricum;Ra:白色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus albus;Ram:嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌 Ruminobacter amyiophilus;Sr:反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas ruminantium;Tb:布氏密螺旋体菌 Treponemonas brucei。 **表示极显著相关(P<0.01),*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.2 Correlation between nutrient composition of forage and bacterial relative density in compound stomach of Tibetan sheep in different phenological periods ** indicated extremely significant correlation (P<0.01), and * indicated significant correlation (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.6 不同物候期藏绵羊VFAs浓度与复胃菌群相对密度、VFAs转运基因相对表达量的相关性
图3 不同物候期藏绵羊VFAs浓度与复胃菌群相对密度、VFAs转运基因相对表达量的相关性Bf:溶纤维丁酸弧菌 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens;Cb:丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium butyricum;Ra:白色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus albus;Ram:嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌 Ruminobacter amyiophilus;Sr:反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas ruminantium;Tb:布氏密螺旋体菌 Treponemonas brucei;AE2:阴离子交换蛋白2 anion exchanger 2;DRA:下调式腺瘤载体 downregulated in adenoma;MCT1:单羧酸转运蛋白1 monocarboxylate transporter 1;MCT4:单羧酸转运蛋白4 monocarboxylate transporter 4;NHE1:钠氢离子交换蛋白1 Na+/H+ exchange 1;NHE2:钠氢离子交换蛋白2 Na+/H+ exchange 2。 Fig.3 Correlation among VFAs concentration and bacterial relative density in compound stomach, VFAs transport gene relative expression level of Tibetan sheep in different phenological periods |

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