1 材料与方法
1.1 复方中草药组成、活性成分及主要营养成分
表1 复方中草药主要营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Main nutrient contents of compound Chinese herbal medicine (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 9.31±1.72 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 1.46±0.13 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 12.70±1.12 |
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 11.60±0.61 |
| 钙Calcium | 1.19±0.21 |
| 总磷Phosphorus | 0.15±0.02 |
营养成分含量均为实测值。 | |
Nutrient contents were all measured values. |
1.2 试验设计
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 11.07 | ||
| 小麦次粉Wheat middling | 1.96 | ||
| 面粉Flour | 12.25 | ||
| 米糠粕Rice bran | 2.94 | ||
| 膨化玉米Extruded corn | 26.95 | ||
| 饼干粉Cracker meal | 14.70 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.53 | ||
| 膨化大豆Extruded soybean | 7.84 | ||
| 发酵豆粕Fermented soybean meal | 2.94 | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 2.45 | ||
| 白糖White sugar | 1.96 | ||
| 花生壳颗粒粉Peanut shell granulated flour | 2.00 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.98 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.29 | ||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 0.29 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.29 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys (98.5%) | 0.60 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.10 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.17 | ||
| 一水柠檬酸C6H8O7·H2O | 0.98 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.71 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 水分Moisture | 10.74 | ||
| 代谢能Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 14.02 | ||
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 21.14 | ||
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 5.35 | ||
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 2.86 | ||
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 4.59 | ||
| 钙Calcium | 0.76 | ||
| 总磷Total phosphorus | 0.55 | ||
| 有效磷Available phosphorus | 0.28 | ||
| 可消化赖氨酸Digestible lysine | 1.33 | ||
| 可消化蛋氨酸Digestible methionine | 0.83 | ||
| 含硫氨基酸Sulfur-containing amino acid | 0.76 | ||
| 可消化苏氨酸Digestible threonine | 0.96 | ||
| 可消化色氨酸Digestible tryptophan | 0.49 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VC 500 mg,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 60 mg,VK 35 mg,VB1 15 mg,VB2 30 mg,VB6 15 mg,VB12 0.5 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 175 mg,D-生物素 D-biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 50 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 120 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 35 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 55 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 30 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.6 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分均为实测值,其余为计算值[6]。Crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and crude ash were measured values, while the others were calculated values[6]. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集及预处理
1.5 指标测定
1.5.1 复方中草药活性成分、主要营养成分及饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 血清免疫、蛋白质代谢、抗应激指标
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表3 复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 0.05%中草药组 0.05% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.10%中草药组 0.10% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.15%中草药组 0.15% Chinese herbal medicine group | 硫酸黏菌素组 Colistin sulphate group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | |||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 267.17±24.01b | 276.37±24.46b | 304.09±23.34a | 288.91±25.30ab | 293.16±24.11a |
| 第15~28天Days 15 to 28 | 395.94±22.49b | 427.79±23.39b | 473.27±23.70a | 460.13±24.17ab | 462.53±22.48a |
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | 331.56±22.77b | 352.08±23.46b | 388.68±23.97a | 374.52±22.13ab | 377.85±23.08a |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | |||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 499.61±11.14 | 489.29±8.70 | 516.95±10.25 | 514.26±9.94 | 513.03±12.71 |
| 第15~28天Days 15 to 28 | 789.81±11.57 | 792.72±5.41 | 793.14±9.09 | 790.67±9.24 | 791.28±6.19 |
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | 644.71±9.91 | 641.01±5.33 | 655.05±5.80 | 652.47±8.53 | 652.16±4.16 |
| 料重比F/G | |||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 1.87±0.13 | 1.83±0.12 | 1.70±0.07 | 1.78±0.10 | 1.75±0.14 |
| 第15~28天Days 15 to 28 | 1.99±0.03a | 1.85±0.02a | 1.68±0.03b | 1.72±0.03b | 1.71±0.02b |
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | 1.92±0.03a | 1.84±0.02a | 1.69±0.02b | 1.75±0.03b | 1.73±0.01b |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响
表4 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on serum immune indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 0.05%中草药组 0.05% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.10%中草药组 0.10% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.15%中草药组 0.15% Chinese herbal medicine group | 硫酸黏菌素组 Colistin sulphate group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 0.39±0.02b | 0.52±0.04a | 0.56±0.04a | 0.52±0.04a | 0.46±0.03ab |
| 第28天Day 28 | 0.47±0.03b | 0.61±0.05a | 0.70±0.06a | 0.67±0.05a | 0.64±0.04a |
| 补体4 C4/(g/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 0.34±0.02b | 0.37±0.03b | 0.46±0.04a | 0.42±0.04a | 0.43±0.03a |
| 第28天Day 28 | 0.36±0.03b | 0.41±0.04b | 0.58±0.04a | 0.54±0.05a | 0.51±0.04a |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(ng/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 112.75±7.21 | 121.54±10.82 | 125.33±11.97 | 123.08±10.85 | 122.39±10.88 |
| 第28天Day 28 | 123.74±10.24b | 149.86±12.22a | 150.84±14.64a | 144.15±9.82a | 142.19±11.38a |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(ng/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 72.16±5.67b | 83.13±6.92a | 86.08±5.20a | 83.44±5.61a | 80.99±4.43ab |
| 第28天Day 28 | 74.98±6.01b | 90.47±8.59a | 92.21±7.92a | 89.77±6.03a | 87.80±3.94a |
| 一氧化氮NO/(μmol/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 26.94±1.20b | 33.76±2.90a | 34.36±2.89a | 32.39±2.94a | 28.54±2.02b |
| 第28天Day 28 | 26.32±1.15b | 29.92±2.88b | 32.09±2.89a | 31.42±1.92a | 31.52±2.55a |
2.3 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响
表5 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响Table 5 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on serum protein metabolism indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 0.05%中草药组 0.05% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.10%中草药组 0.10% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.15%中草药组 0.15% Chinese herbal medicine group | 硫酸黏菌素组 Colistin sulphate group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 37.70±1.65 | 38.34±3.85 | 43.90±3.78 | 41.22±3.79 | 39.46±4.05 |
| 第28天Day 28 | 40.65±3.58b | 42.39±4.65b | 51.12±4.38a | 50.50±4.67a | 42.72±4.08b |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 22.15±1.24b | 22.60±2.09b | 24.95±2.02a | 24.45±1.80a | 23.87±2.08ab |
| 第28天Day 28 | 24.42±2.29b | 25.44±2.55b | 30.59±2.72a | 30.12±2.62a | 26.30±2.58ab |
| 球蛋白GLO/(g/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 15.54±1.54b | 15.74±0.84b | 18.95±1.34a | 16.77±1.27a | 15.59±1.41b |
| 第28天Day 28 | 16.24±2.44b | 16.95±1.43b | 20.53±1.56a | 20.38±1.87a | 16.42±1.39b |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 7.26±0.51a | 6.86±0.35a | 4.64±0.34b | 4.73±0.36b | 4.87±0.33b |
| 第28天Day 28 | 6.71±0.63a | 4.00±0.37b | 3.84±0.27b | 4.10±0.34b | 4.12±0.31b |
2.4 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清抗应激指标的影响
表6 复方中草药对断奶仔猪血清抗应激指标的影响Table 6 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on serum anti-stress indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 0.05%中草药组 0.05% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.10%中草药组 0.10% Chinese herbal medicine group | 0.15%中草药组 0.15% Chinese herbal medicine group | 硫酸黏菌素组 Colistin sulphate group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 4.02±0.32a | 2.51±0.15b | 2.38±0.19b | 2.70±0.19b | 2.36±0.18b |
| 第28天Day 28 | 3.43±0.26a | 1.63±0.12b | 1.52±0.13b | 1.78±0.11b | 1.57±0.12b |
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 4.57±0.42a | 4.51±0.38a | 4.01±0.36b | 4.06±0.35b | 4.10±0.28b |
| 第28天Day 28 | 3.85±0.26a | 3.67±0.23a | 3.18±0.16b | 3.26±0.24b | 3.27±0.29b |
| 生长抑素SS/(ng/L) | |||||
| 第14天Day 14 | 43.90±4.28 | 40.68±3.01 | 39.19±3.54 | 39.48±3.64 | 40.48±3.60 |
| 第28天Day 28 | 38.11±2.49a | 33.08±2.52b | 30.80±1.58b | 31.59±2.16b | 31.84±2.47b |

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