1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料 Ingredients | 含量 Content | 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 58.00 | 粗蛋白质CP | 18.30 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 25.40 | 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.10 | |
| 乳清粉Dried whey | 3.00 | 粗纤维CF | 3.20 | |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 5.00 | 粗脂肪EE | 5.80 | |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 粗灰分Ash | 3.50 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.50 | 钙Ca | 1.10 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaPHO4 | 0.90 | 总磷TP | 0.70 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.20 | 赖氨酸Lys | 1.20 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 4.00 | 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.60 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 色氨酸Trp | 0.20 | |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.80 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 500 IU,VB6 10 mg,VB12 0.04 mg,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 35 IU,VK3 3.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.4 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 25 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 650 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 4 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 110 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 25 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.30 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.40 mg。 2)消化能根据《猪营养需要量》(GB/T 39235—2020)进行计算,其余为实测值。DE was calculated by reference to Nutritional Requirements of Pigs (GB/T 39235—2020), while the others were measured values. |
1.2 样品收集
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 实时荧光定量PCR
表2 引物序列信息Table 2 Primer sequence information |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') |
|---|---|
| 18S rRNA | F:ATTCCGATAACGAACGAGACT R:GGACATCTAAGGGCATCACAG |
| Ki67 | F:AAACCCAGATCCGAGCATATT R:GATTCAAACTCCACAAAGCCAT |
| 基质金属蛋白酶1 MMP1 | F:TCTCACCCTTGACCTTCACC R:GAGCAGCCACACGATACAAG |
| 基质金属蛋白酶2 MMP2 | F:ACTCCCACTTTGACGACGAT R:CGTACTTGCCATCCTTGTCG |
| 基质金属蛋白酶3 MMP3 | F:CTTGTTGCTGCCCATGAACT R:AAAGCAGGATCACATGTGGC |
| 基质金属蛋白酶9 MMP9 | F:GGTGGACTATGTGGGCTACG R:AGTGCTGAAGCAGGACGAG |
| 基质金属蛋白酶14 MMP14 | F:AGTCACTCTCAGCTGCCATT R:AGCGCTTCCTTCGAACATTG |
| 血管内皮生长因子-A VEGF-A | F:CCTCGGAGCGGAGAAAGCAT R:TGTCACATCTGCAAGTACGTTCG |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | F:CCCTGAGGCAAAAGGGAAAGA R:AGGAAATCCTCAAGGCTGCG |
| 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子b-FGF | F:TCAAAGGAGTGTGTGCGAAC R:CAGGGCCACATACCAACTG |
| 成纤维细胞生长因子受体1 FGFR1 | F:CGACAAAGAGATGGAGGTGCT R:CGCGTCCTCAAAGGAGACAT |
| 成纤维细胞生长因子受体2 FGFR2 | F:AGTCGCTAGAGTTGCGCTGC R:TTAGTCCAACTGATCACGGCG |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8 | F:GCTCTCTGTGAGGCTGCAGTTC R:AAGGTGTGGAATGCGTATTTATGC |
| 转化生长因子-1β TGF-1β | F:CAAGGTCCTGGCTCTGTACA R:CAGGAACGCACGATCATGTT |
1.3.2 Western Blotting
1.3.3 肠道形态学观察
1.3.4 氧化应激指标检测
1.3.5 细胞培养
1.3.6 PVECs增殖
1.3.7 条件培养基收集
1.3.8 细胞划痕与成管
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠形态及屏障功能的影响
图1 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠形态和屏障功能的影响A:空肠HE染色形态;B、C:空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值;D、E:空肠中Occludin、Claudin1和ZO1蛋白相对表达量。 数据柱标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.1 Effects of putrescine on jejunal morphology and barrier function of weaned piglets A: the HE staining morphology of the jejunum; B, C: the villus height, crypt depth, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the jejunum; D, E: the protein relative expression levels of Occludin, Claudin1 and ZO1 in the jejunum. Data columns with different letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠氧化应激的影响
图2 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠氧化应激的影响A~E:空肠总抗氧化能力、总超氧化物歧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量;F、G:空肠Nrf2、HO-1和Keap1蛋白相对表达量。 Fig.2 Effects of putrescine on jejunal oxidative stress of weaned piglets A to E: T-AOC, T-SOD activity, GSH content, GSH-Px activity, and MDA content in the jejunum; F, G: the protein relative expression levels of Keap1, HO-1 and Nrf2 in the jejunum. |
2.3 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠血管生成的影响
图3 腐胺对断奶仔猪空肠血管生成的影响A、B:空肠中CD31免疫荧光图和荧光强度;C:空肠中血管生成相关因子mRNA相对表达量;D、E:空肠中CD31、MMP9和VEGF-A的蛋白相对表达量。A, B: immunofluorescence images and fluorescence intensity of CD31 in the jejunum; C: the mRNA relative expression levels of angiogenesis related factors in the jejunum; D, E: the protein expression levels of CD31, MMP9 and VEGF-A in the jejunum. Merge:合并;CD31:血小板内皮细胞黏附分子1 platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1;DAPI:4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole;MMP:金属基质蛋白酶 matrix metalloproteinases;VEGF-A:血管内皮生长因子-A vascular endothelial growth factor-A;IL:白细胞介素 interleukin;b-FGF:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 basic fibroblast growth factor;FGFR:成纤维细胞生长因子受体 fibroblast growth factor receptors;TGF-1β :转化生长因子-1β transforming growth factor-1β; β-actin:β-肌动蛋白。 Fig.3 Effects of putrescine on angiogenesis in jejunum of weaned piglets |
2.4 腐胺对PVECs血管生成的影响
图4 腐胺对PVECs增殖、迁移和成管的影响A:不同浓度腐胺处理PVECs 48 h后的增殖情况;B:10 μmol/L腐胺处理不同时间后PVECs的增殖情况;C、D: 10 μmol/L腐胺处理24 h后PVECs的迁移距离;E、F:10 μmol/L腐胺处理24 h后PVECs的管腔形成长度。 Fig.4 Effects of putrescine on proliferation, migration and tube formation of PVECs A. The proliferation of PVECs treated with different concentrations of putrescine for 48 h; B: the proliferation of PVECs s treated with 10 μmol/L putrescine for different time; C, D: the migration distance of PVECs treated with 10 μmol/L putrescine for 24 h; E, F: the tube formation length of PVECs treated with 10 μmol/L putrescine for 24 h. |

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