1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与饲料
表1 试验饲料及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 秘鲁鱼粉Peru fish meal | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| 酪蛋白Casein | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
| 大豆浓缩蛋白Soy protein concentrate | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| 面粉Wheat flour | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 鱼油Fish oil | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 大豆卵磷脂Soybean lecithin | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 纤维素粉Cellulose powder | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.3 | 18.3 |
| 缩合单宁Condensed tannin | 0.1 | |||
| 水解单宁Hydrolyzed tannin | 0.1 | |||
| 单宁酸Tannic acid | 0.1 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||||
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 40.29 | 40.67 | 40.37 | 40.02 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 6.63 | 6.35 | 6.94 | 6.95 |
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 7.40 | 7.31 | 7.25 | 7.50 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲料提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 3 230 IU,VD3 1 600 IU,VE 160 mg,VK3 4 mg,VB1 4 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB6 4.8 mg,VB12 0.016 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 28 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 16 mg,生物素 biotin 0.064 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.285 mg,肌醇 inositol 40 mg。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲料提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Ca 1 150 mg,K 180 mg,Mg 45 mg,Fe 50 mg,Zn 40 mg,Mn 9.5 mg,Cu 7.5 mg,Co 1.25 mg,I 0.16 mg,Se 0.25 mg。 3)营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与指标测定
1.4.1 饲料营养水平
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标
1.4.4 肠道消化酶活性以及肠道和肝脏组织形态
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈生长性能的影响
表2 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on growth performance of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 存活率SR/% | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 22.99±1.23 | 23.52±0.74 | 23.43±0.32 | 23.46±0.80 |
| 增重率WGR/% | 442.00±28.90 | 455.00±16.91 | 452.92±6.73 | 455.09±19.08 |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 3.31±0.11 | 3.36±0.06 | 3.35±0.24 | 3.36±0.07 |
| 采食量FI/(g/d) | 21.70±0.49 | 21.53±0.61 | 22.17±0.34 | 21.52±0.39 |
| 饲料系数FC | 1.06±0.05 | 1.12±0.04 | 1.16±0.02 | 1.12±0.04 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈血清生化指标的影响
表3 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on serum biochemical indices of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 8.30±0.53 | 8.00±0.64 | 8.23±0.50 | 8.57±0.28 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 5.83±0.26b | 5.08±0.06a | 5.61±0.16ab | 5.34±0.06ab |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 5.95±0.24c | 4.86±0.09a | 5.75±0.27bc | 5.21±0.02ab |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDLC/(mmol/L) | 3.30±0.12 | 3.15±0.12 | 3.03±0.06 | 3.23±0.06 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDLC/(mmol/L) | 0.98±0.06b | 0.75±0.03a | 0.94±0.03b | 0.80±0.01a |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 14.47±0.42 | 14.53±0.22 | 13.80±0.32 | 13.93±0.20 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 30.16±2.65 | 29.17±3.02 | 26.87±2.13 | 27.87±3.50 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 34.67±5.68 | 34.00±8.01 | 31.33±3.71 | 39.00±1.15 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 148.33±19.99 | 141.67±28.72 | 127.33±11.22 | 153.33±15.55 |
2.3 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响
图2 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响数据柱标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.2 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on serum antioxidant and immune indices of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) Value columns with different letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.4 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈肠道消化酶活性的影响
表4 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈肠道消化酶活性的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on intestinal digestive enzyme activity of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) U/mg port |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 胰蛋白酶Trypsin | 1 340.55±100.58b | 977.74±38.82a | 1 218.51±126.80ab | 1 098.93±26.69ab |
| 脂肪酶Lipase | 192.96±22.33 | 142.28±10.74 | 170.22±17.84 | 161.23±10.41 |
| 淀粉酶Amylase | 0.26±0.02 | 0.25±0.06 | 0.30±0.05 | 0.26±0.01 |
2.5 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈肠道组织形态的影响
图3 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈肠道组织形态的影响G1~G4分别表示饲喂基础饲料(对照)、缩合单宁饲料、水解单宁饲料和单宁酸饲料,图4同。 Fig.3 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on intestinal tissue morphology of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) (100×) G1 to G4 indicated feeding the basal diet (control), condensed tannin diet, hydrolyzed tannin diet and tannic acid diet, respectively, the same as Fig.4. |
表5 饲料中添加缩合单宁、水解单宁和单宁酸对海鲈肠道组织形态的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary condensed tannin, hydrolyzed tannin and tannic acid on intestinal tissue morphology of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) μm |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 绒毛长度Villus length | 518.14±32.59b | 399.44±9.62a | 415.73±24.25a | 384.77±28.48a |
| 绒毛宽度Villus width | 78.06±1.85a | 100.91±8.67b | 83.80±6.32ab | 78.60±3.02a |
| 肌层厚度Muscular thickness | 280.38±8.49c | 166.61±7.84a | 224.86±6.51b | 201.52±6.62b |

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