1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 5.0 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.0 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 5.0 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 18.0 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 15.0 |
| 玉米皮Corn husk | 15.0 |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 17.0 |
| 黑麦草粉Ryegrass meal | 15.5 |
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.7 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.3 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.5 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 |
| 合计Total | 100.0 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.50 |
| 干物质DM | 89.56 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.88 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.95 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 39.45 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 21.33 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 4.54 |
| 钙Ca | 0.89 |
| 总磷TP | 0.44 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.76 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.67 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 50 mg,VK3 2.0 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 3.0 mg,VB6 2.0 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 50 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 150 mg,Fe 50 mg,Cu 8 mg,Zn 60 mg,Mn 40 mg,I 0.5 mg,Se 0.15 mg。 ==2)消化能为计算值,其余营养水平为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集与制备
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 屠宰性能
1.4.3 肠道形态结构
1.4.4 肠道黏膜免疫指标
1.4.5 盲肠发酵参数
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides on growth performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低聚木糖组 Xylo- oligosaccharide group | 壳寡糖组 Chito- oligosaccharide group | 低聚木糖+壳寡糖组 Xylo-oligosaccharide+ chito-oligosaccharide group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初重IBW/g | 958.23±24.22 | 963.35±18.42 | 964.52±17.55 | 957.83±20.31 | 0.993 |
| 末重FBW/g | 2 575.24±22.41b | 2 651.67±25.45ab | 2 745.33±23.45a | 2 541.23±23.24b | 0.002 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 38.54±1.12bc | 40.21±1.23ab | 42.45±1.12a | 37.72±1.34c | 0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 158.53±3.22 | 160.35±4.32 | 159.42±3.13 | 155.45±3.45 | 0.335 |
| 料重比F/G | 4.12±0.12a | 3.99±0.12ab | 3.76±0.11b | 4.12±0.14a | 0.044 |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 13.22±4.21a | 11.25±3.65ab | 7.21±2.45b | 10.33±3.89ab | 0.044 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔屠宰性能的影响
表3 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides on on slaughter performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低聚木糖组 Xylo- oligosaccharide group | 壳寡糖组 Chito- oligosaccharide group | 低聚木糖+壳寡糖组 Xylo-oligosaccharide+ chito-oligosaccharide group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/g | 2 554.52±35.41b | 2 620.43±30.42ab | 2 725.22±29.61a | 2 413.23±28.55b | 0.023 |
| 半净膛重 Semi-eviscerated weight/g | 1 333.83±18.45b | 1 387.82±19.42ab | 1 481.11±18.34a | 1 253.72±16.46b | 0.042 |
| 全净膛重 Eviscerated weight/g | 1 197.21±13.52b | 1 243.44±12.33ab | 1 322.83±13.55a | 1 121.43±14.22b | 0.033 |
| 半净膛率 Semi-eviscerated ratio/% | 52.22±0.45 | 52.96±0.43 | 54.35±0.67 | 51.95±0.43 | 0.224 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated ratio/% | 46.87±0.39 | 47.45±0.43 | 48.54±0.57 | 46.47±0.46 | 0.327 |
2.3 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔肠道形态结构的影响
表4 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔肠道形态结构的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides on intestinal morphology and structure of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低聚木糖组 Xylo- oligosaccharide group | 壳寡糖组 Chito- oligosaccharide group | 低聚木糖+壳寡糖组 Xylo-oligosaccharide+ chito-oligosaccharide group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 685.45±24.66b | 702.33±30.22ab | 731.49±29.45a | 703.68±23.57ab | 0.032 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 222.55±19.33 | 225.11±18.34 | 213.89±22.32 | 230.71±20.16 | 0.244 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 3.08±0.24b | 3.12±0.34ab | 3.42±0.41a | 3.05±0.39b | 0.017 |
| 回肠Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 446.66±39.33b | 475.67±38.25ab | 494.52±30.17a | 468.48±29.34ab | 0.007 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 152.97±9.56 | 152.95±12.12 | 148.95±10.49 | 146.86±12.35 | 0.542 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 2.92±0.34b | 3.11±0.24ab | 3.32±0.32a | 3.19±0.19ab | 0.048 |
2.4 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔肠道黏膜免疫指标的影响
表5 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔肠道黏膜免疫指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides on intestinal mucosal immune indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低聚木糖组 Xylo- oligosaccharide group | 壳寡糖组 Chito- oligosaccharide group | 低聚木糖+壳寡糖组 Xylo-oligosaccharide+ chito-oligosaccharide group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(mg/g) | 4.22±0.24b | 4.27±0.33b | 5.35±0.18a | 4.46±0.17ab | 0.022 |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(ng/g) | 6.45±0.15a | 5.67±0.24ab | 4.33±0.14b | 5.67±0.27ab | 0.035 |
| 回肠Ileum | |||||
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(mg/g) | 3.89±0.11b | 4.33±0.23ab | 4.76±0.21a | 4.12±0.22ab | 0.017 |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(ng/g) | 5.43±0.23a | 4.55±0.16ab | 3.89±0.25b | 4.67±0.25ab | 0.042 |
2.5 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔盲肠发酵参数的影响
表6 饲粮添加低聚木糖和壳寡糖对肉兔盲肠发酵参数的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides on cecal fermentation parameters of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低聚木糖组 Xylo- oligosaccharide group | 壳寡糖组 Chito- oligosaccharide group | 低聚木糖+壳寡糖组 Xylo-oligosaccharide+ chito-oligosaccharide group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 5.88±0.22 | 5.95±0.18 | 5.99±0.12 | 5.87±0.13 | 0.463 |
| 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen/(mg/dL) | 3.56±0.11 | 3.75±0.09 | 3.65±0.08 | 3.64±0.12 | 0.573 |
| 乙酸Acetate/(mmol/L) | 44.32±3.35 | 45.66±3.78 | 46.43±4.03 | 45.49±3.23 | 0.223 |
| 丙酸Propionate/(mmol/L) | 4.02±0.34b | 4.33±0.43a | 4.43±0.36a | 4.17±0.35ab | 0.023 |
| 丁酸Butyrate/(mmol/L) | 6.87±1.11b | 7.11±0.98ab | 7.26±1.30a | 7.43±0.79a | 0.036 |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyrate/(mmol/L) | 0.21±0.04 | 0.22±0.03 | 0.23±0.05 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.432 |
| 戊酸 Valerate/(mmol/L) | 0.37±0.02 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.39±0.04 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.766 |
| 异戊酸 Isovalerate/(mmol/L) | 0.32±0.04 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.34±0.05 | 0.32±0.04 | 0.564 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/(mmol/L) | 56.09±3.75 | 58.13±4.56 | 59.08±4.36 | 58.90±5.33 | 0.476 |

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