1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~4周 1 to 4 weeks | 5~7周 5 to 7 weeks | |
| 原料(饲喂基础) Ingredients (as-fed basis) | ||
| 海杂鱼 Sea fishes | 13 | 8 |
| 毛蛋 Unhatched fertilized egg | 32 | 32 |
| 鸡头 Chicken head | 20 | 20 |
| 膨化玉米 Extruded corn | 10 | 10 |
| 安康鱼头 Monkfish head | 14 | 18 |
| 红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla | 5 | 6 |
| 猪油 Lard | 1 | 2 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 2 | 2 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 3 | 2 |
| 合计 Total | 100 | 100 |
| 营养水平(风干基础) Nutrient levels (air-dry basis)2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 15.98 | 17.04 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 16.65 | 19.85 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 31.81 | 31.26 |
| 钙 Ca | 2.47 | 2.59 |
| 磷 P | 1.59 | 1.64 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 9 000 IU,VC 40 mg,VE 20 mg,VK3 0.5 mg,VB1 5 mg,VB2 3 mg,VB6 2.5 mg,VB12 1 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,烟酸 nicotinic acid 20 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 6 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.5 mg,Fe 30 mg,Zn 25 mg,Mn 10 mg,Cu 5 mg,I 0.25 mg,Se 0.2 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,参照《水貂配合饲料》(LS/T 3403—1992);其他营养水平为实测值。ME was a calculated value, which referenced to Compound Feed of Mink (LS/T 3403—1992); while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集及指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能和脏器指数
1.3.2 养分表观消化率
1.3.3 血清抗氧化和免疫指标
1.4 数据处理
2 结果
2.1 ε-PL对育成期母貂生长性能的影响
表2 ε-PL对育成期母貂生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of ε-PL on growth performance of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | ε-PL添加水平 ε-PL supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ε-聚赖氨酸 ε-PL | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 前期 Early stage | |||||||||||
| 末重 FW/g | 1 193.33 | 1 206.67 | 1 213.33 | 1 266.67 | 1 242.00 | 1 268.33 | 9.537 | 0.073 | <0.001 | 0.758 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 11.71 | 12.00 | 12.05 | 12.98 | 13.07 | 13.42 | 0.253 | 0.263 | 0.019 | 0.931 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 187.78b | 185.78b | 188.00b | 196.17ab | 191.47ab | 201.40a | 1.706 | 0.039 | <0.001 | 0.357 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 17.80a | 16.81ab | 16.53abc | 15.33bc | 14.92c | 15.13bc | 0.271 | 0.010 | <0.001 | 0.308 | |
| 后期 Later stage | |||||||||||
| 末重 FW/g | 1 209.17c | 1 298.33bc | 1 299.38bc | 1 409.17a | 1 315.00ab | 1 387.50ab | 15.971 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.121 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 4.57 | 5.57 | 5.86 | 7.26 | 5.33 | 5.75 | 0.312 | 0.223 | 0.294 | 0.090 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 169.90 | 185.55 | 181.42 | 185.79 | 172.37 | 188.48 | 2.780 | 0.273 | 0.308 | 0.573 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 36.30 | 33.10 | 33.50 | 27.18 | 34.91 | 31.86 | 1.357 | 0.527 | 0.423 | 0.346 | |
| 全期 Whole stage | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 7.14b | 8.73ab | 9.13ab | 10.44a | 8.65ab | 8.94ab | 0.286 | 0.038 | 0.070 | 0.014 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 174.73 | 185.02 | 186.64 | 191.58 | 184.20 | 194.67 | 2.256 | 0.163 | 0.027 | 0.477 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 23.59 | 20.59 | 21.53 | 19.43 | 21.68 | 22.15 | 0.658 | 0.595 | 0.662 | 0.139 | |
| 体长 Body length/cm | 38.63 | 39.38 | 39.38 | 40.00 | 40.13 | 39.13 | 0.279 | 0.671 | 0.362 | 0.204 | |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 ε-PL对育成期母貂脏器指数的影响
表3 ε-PL对育成期母貂脏器指数的影响Table 3 Effects of ε-PL on organ indices of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | ε-PL添加水平 ε-PL supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ε-聚赖氨酸 ε-PL | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 心脏指数 Cardiac index/% | 0.61b | 0.61b | 0.57b | 0.74a | 0.60b | 0.59b | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.833 | 0.167 | |
| 肝脏指数 Liver index/% | 2.44 | 2.34 | 2.19 | 2.83 | 2.26 | 2.25 | 0.091 | 0.411 | 0.778 | 0.552 | |
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index/% | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.017 | 0.283 | 0.118 | 0.058 | |
| 肺脏指数 Lungs index/% | 1.29 | 1.12 | 0.93 | 1.26 | 1.06 | 1.26 | 0.063 | 0.534 | 0.982 | 0.218 | |
| 肾脏指数 Kidney index/% | 0.48 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.021 | 0.407 | 0.169 | 0.088 | |
| 肠体比 I/B | 3.69 | 4.14 | 3.79 | 3.56 | 3.94 | 3.96 | 0.075 | 0.297 | 0.723 | 0.651 | |
2.3 ε-PL对育成期母貂养分表观消化率的影响
表4 ε-PL对育成期母貂养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of ε-PL on nutrient apparent digestibility of growing female minks% |
| 项目 Items | ε-PL添加水平 ε-PL supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ε-聚赖氨酸 ε-PL | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 前期 Early stage | |||||||||||
| 干物质 DM | 71.93d | 73.52c | 76.95a | 76.88a | 76.62a | 75.54b | 0.340 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 91.23b | 93.80a | 95.10a | 95.20a | 94.24a | 94.99a | 0.387 | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.027 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 81.37b | 81.50b | 84.46a | 85.26a | 85.50a | 85.07a | 0.337 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 27.58 | 30.72 | 31.22 | 28.99 | 31.91 | 32.01 | 0.547 | 0.101 | 0.033 | 0.639 | |
| 磷 P | 39.85 | 43.90 | 43.83 | 41.39 | 39.92 | 41.78 | 0.618 | 0.200 | 0.706 | 0.230 | |
| 钙 Ca | 34.57 | 31.19 | 32.81 | 33.15 | 34.63 | 32.98 | 0.715 | 0.780 | 0.860 | 0.632 | |
| 后期 Later stage | |||||||||||
| 干物质 DM | 74.42 | 74.23 | 75.92 | 73.35 | 74.28 | 73.57 | 0.238 | 0.068 | 0.138 | 0.263 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 95.19 | 95.52 | 95.41 | 94.91 | 95.51 | 94.96 | 0.099 | 0.275 | 0.401 | 0.480 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 82.31 | 82.23 | 83.70 | 81.91 | 83.07 | 82.41 | 0.212 | 0.146 | 0.763 | 0.367 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 23.67 | 24.16 | 28.66 | 23.84 | 25.12 | 27.69 | 0.757 | 0.250 | 0.238 | 0.881 | |
| 磷 P | 45.81 | 47.89 | 45.03 | 41.17 | 42.93 | 42.57 | 0.913 | 0.303 | 0.068 | 0.753 | |
| 钙 Ca | 31.32b | 32.47b | 41.63a | 33.39b | 31.75b | 34.77b | 1.060 | 0.036 | 0.731 | 0.127 | |
2.4 ε-PL对育成期母貂血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 ε-PL对育成期母貂血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of ε-PL on serum antioxidant indices of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | ε-PL添加水平 ε-PL supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ε-聚赖氨酸 ε-PL | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 12.60b | 12.14b | 15.72a | 13.98ab | 11.29b | 11.49b | 0.463 | 0.028 | 0.265 | 0.029 | |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 281.61c | 304.99bc | 331.36ab | 365.25a | 310.90bc | 312.59bc | 7.108 | 0.012 | 0.104 | 0.003 | |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 743.52b | 802.83ab | 769.85b | 830.44a | 843.89a | 852.06a | 9.683 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.707 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 12.84 | 12.89 | 14.76 | 11.66 | 12.77 | 13.17 | 0.363 | 0.279 | 0.807 | 0.874 | |
2.5 ε-PL对育成期母貂血清免疫指标的影响
表6 ε-PL对育成期母貂血清免疫指标影响Table 6 Effects of ε-PL on serum immune indices of growing female minksg/L |
| 项目 Items | ε-PL添加水平 ε-PL supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ε-聚赖氨酸 ε-PL | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 0.25b | 0.25b | 0.27a | 0.25b | 0.25b | 0.24b | 0.002 | 0.031 | 0.200 | 0.016 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 1.88b | 1.89b | 2.03ab | 2.15a | 2.05ab | 1.92b | 0.028 | 0.029 | 0.131 | 0.008 | |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 29.94b | 30.02b | 30.01b | 31.22ab | 32.02a | 29.44b | 0.267 | 0.039 | 0.341 | 0.065 | |

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