1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物和试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Com | 62.5 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.24 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.0 | 粗蛋白质CP | 15.90 | |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.5 | 钙Ca | 3.95 | |
| 石粉Lime stone | 8.0 | 总磷TP | 0.62 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.0 | 有效磷AP | 0.42 | |
| 合计Total | 100.0 | 赖氨酸Lys | 0.75 | |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.59 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the basal diet:VA 5 375 IU,VD3 1 800 IU,VE 30.00 mg,VK3 2.50 mg,VB1 1.10 mg,VB2 2.40 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 35.00 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 8 mg,Cu 10 mg,Fe 250 mg,Mn 50 mg,Zn 50 mg。 2)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,其余为实测值。ME and AP were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 检测指标及方法
1.5.1 产蛋性能
1.5.2 血清生化指标
1.5.3 血清抗氧化指标
1.5.4 血清免疫指标
1.5.5 肝脏组织切片
1.5.6 肝脏脂质代谢相关基因表达
表2 RT-qPCR所需引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences for RT-qPCR |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 登录号 Accession number | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 ACC | F:AACTACCGGAACTTCTCCACAAA R:CGAAGACCACTGCCACTCCA | NM_205505.2 | 148 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶 FAS | F:TATAGATGTTGACCTGACCCACCA R:TAGGTTCCGATAGACGGTGATG | NM_001199487.2 | 101 |
| 脂蛋白脂肪酶 LPL | F:GACGGTGACAGGAATGTATGAAA R:CCAATCAATGAACATGGCAACA | NM_205282.2 | 178 |
| 载脂蛋白极低密度脂蛋白 APO-VLDL | F:CTGGTCAGTTCTTGCTGGATGTT R:TGTTCCGCCAGTTTAGTGAGTCT | NM_205483.3 | 100 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:ACTTTGGCATTGTGGAGGGT R:GGACGCTGGGATGATGTTCT | NM_204305.1 | 131 |
1.6 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响
2.1.1 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡产蛋率的影响
表3 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡产蛋率的影响Table 3 Effects of rosemary extract on laying rate of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RE250 | RE500 | RE750 | ||
| 17~20周龄17 to 20 weeks of age | 18.95±2.01 | 18.12±2.23 | 21.53±1.74 | 22.45±3.41 | 0.092 |
| 21~24周龄21 to 24 weeks of age | 93.13±3.25 | 90.89±5.23 | 90.67±3.33 | 90.93±2.78 | 0.357 |
| 25~28周龄25 to 28 weeks of age | 96.62±2.47 | 98.05±1.92 | 96.76±1.28 | 95.72±1.95 | 0.097 |
| 17~28周龄17 to 28 weeks of age | 67.94±1.42 | 68.48±1.11 | 68.34±2.17 | 68.31±2.55 | 0.724 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.1.2 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表4 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 4 Effects of rosemary extract on egg quality of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RE250 | RE500 | RE750 | ||
| 150日龄150 days of age | |||||
| 蛋重Egg height/g | 48.65±3.67 | 48.52±2.21 | 49.78±3.32 | 50.61±3.72 | 0.058 |
| 蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color | 6.25±1.90 | 6.38±1.75 | 6.96±1.93 | 6.96±1.62 | 0.231 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.31±2.65 | 6.75±2.42 | 6.23±2.63 | 6.89±2.37 | 0.053 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 70.97±21.44 | 81.95±20.54 | 77.33±21.26 | 82.33±20.23 | 0.095 |
| 蛋壳强度Shell strength/N | 45.53±5.00 | 42.68±2.92 | 44.88±4.24 | 43.16±6.89 | 0.230 |
| 蛋壳厚度Shell thickness/mm | 0.36±0.02 | 0.36±0.01 | 0.36±0.02 | 0.35±0.02 | 0.070 |
| 180日龄180 days of age | |||||
| 蛋重Egg height/g | 58.65±4.19 | 58.09±2.07 | 59.11±2.84 | 59.99±3.72 | 0.233 |
| 蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color | 6.58±0.45b | 7.67±0.42a | 6.96±0.76ab | 6.67±0.46b | 0.015 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.59±2.61 | 7.00±2.21 | 6.34±2.27 | 6.50±2.33 | 0.067 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 70.96±22.38 | 81.33±20.81 | 75.88±18.89 | 75.47±23.83 | 0.146 |
| 蛋壳强度Shell strength/N | 47.91±6.69 | 48.38±8.11 | 45.32±7.90 | 44.50±5.96 | 0.259 |
| 蛋壳厚度Shell thickness/mm | 0.37±0.02 | 0.37±0.02 | 0.36±0.03 | 0.36±0.02 | 0.298 |
2.2 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响
表5 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of rosemary extract on serum biochemical indicators of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RE250 | RE500 | RE750 | ||
| 白蛋白ALB/(mg/mL) | 2.72±0.13 | 2.91±0.21 | 2.91±0.25 | 2.94±0.17 | 0.115 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mg/mL) | 0.29±0.03 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.28±0.04 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.680 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(μmol/dL) | 203.56±35.37 | 147.95±54.59 | 132.01±43.47 | 148.85±53.43 | 0.102 |
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL/(mmol/L) | 2.18±0.03b | 2.34±0.07a | 2.29±0.07ab | 2.32±0.13a | 0.040 |
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL/(mmol/L) | 3.25±0.64 | 2.95±0.40 | 3.24±0.60 | 3.24±0.63 | 0.470 |
2.3 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of rosemary extract on serum antioxidant indicators of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RE250 | RE500 | RE750 | ||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 0.36±0.21b | 0.72±0.17a | 0.72±0.19a | 0.64±0.21ab | 0.049 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 26.23±3.01b | 32.15±1.97a | 28.76±3.04ab | 33.76±5.28a | 0.040 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 289.44±86.89 | 325.17±81.33 | 329.64±42.22 | 349.47±59.72 | 0.227 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 33.97±3.31ab | 39.29±8.53a | 30.29±7.95ab | 24.33±9.33b | 0.049 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 0.73±0.13 | 0.65±0.24 | 0.83±0.35 | 0.86±0.53 | 0.462 |
2.4 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清免疫指标的影响
表7 迷迭香提取物对蛋鸡血清免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of rosemary extract on serum immune indicators of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RE250 | RE500 | RE750 | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | 7.54±0.28 | 8.51±0.72 | 8.36±0.51 | 8.11±0.86 | 0.057 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 2.01±0.10 | 2.08±0.39 | 1.89±0.59 | 2.18±0.13 | 0.270 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(g/L) | 10.79±1.17 | 11.34±2.55 | 11.05±1.18 | 11.14±0.99 | 0.624 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 56.09±4.18 | 55.09±3.30 | 54.97±3.94 | 55.19±3.02 | 0.570 |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2/(pg/mL) | 4.32±1.22 | 4.19±1.75 | 3.38±0.21 | 3.32±0.25 | 0.193 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 20.00±2.62a | 16.94±1.80b | 16.30±0.57b | 16.49±1.20b | 0.018 |

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