1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验地点和试验条件
1.3 试验设计和试验管理
1.4 样品采集及指标检测方法
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 放养密度对黑斑蛙生长性能的影响
表1 放养密度对黑斑蛙生长性能的影响Table 1 Effects of stocking density on growth performance of dark-spotted frogs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | ||
| 成活率SR/% | 95.56±2.22a | 96.67±1.11a | 86.39±0.83b | 77.78±3.89c | 65.07±1.46d | <0.001 |
| 末均重FBW/g | 30.81±0.12b | 31.31±0.21a | 31.38±0.08a | 29.59±0.20c | 24.34±0.03d | 0.001 |
| 增重率WGR/% | 279.49±1.53b | 285.54±2.53ab | 286.42±1.04a | 264.43±2.48c | 199.73±0.35d | <0.001 |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 1.67±0.01b | 1.69±0.01ab | 1.69±0.00a | 1.62±0.01c | 1.37±0.00d | <0.001 |
| 饲料系数FCR | 1.66±0.10c | 1.66±0.10c | 1.82±0.02c | 2.16±0.08b | 2.55±0.07a | 0.002 |
| 肝体指数HSI/% | 5.37±0.48 | 5.25±0.28 | 6.64±0.43 | 6.00±0.87 | 5.77±0.63 | 0.354 |
| 后腿指数HLI/% | 36.51±0.42a | 35.46±0.81ab | 34.54±0.57ab | 34.98±0.64ab | 34.45±1.04b | 0.049 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 放养密度对黑斑蛙血清激素和抗氧化指标的影响
表2 放养密度对黑斑蛙血清激素和抗氧化指标的影响Table 2 Effects of stocking density on serum hormone and antioxidant indexes of dark-spotted frogs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | ||
| 皮质醇COR/(ng/mL) | 19.12±0.54 | 21.95±0.43 | 21.31±1.62 | 21.78±0.71 | 20.70±0.44 | 0.238 |
| 胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ IGF-Ⅰ/(ng/mL) | 26.55±3.97 | 26.74±7.40 | 27.11±1.04 | 24.14±1.13 | 24.36±0.40 | 0.935 |
| 甲状腺素T4/(ng/mL) | 56.66±3.35 | 67.60±0.39 | 54.40±7.14 | 52.21±4.99 | 54.89±4.09 | 0.310 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 316.86±10.13 | 303.07±13.51 | 322.75±20.93 | 291.30±27.82 | 267.78±13.84 | 0.283 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.78±0.49 | 6.41±1.09 | 6.69±0.09 | 5.49±0.43 | 5.97±0.50 | 0.144 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 247.83±5.92 | 256.23±36.61 | 297.39±25.42 | 245.22±14.86 | 267.83±26.38 | 0.480 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 15.57±2.85 | 17.10±0.52 | 17.95±3.45 | 18.15±5.87 | 13.69±2.72 | 0.898 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 1.24±0.05ab | 1.34±0.15ab | 1.42±0.05a | 1.27±0.13ab | 1.18±0.02b | 0.013 |
2.3 放养密度对黑斑蛙肠道菌群多样性的影响
表3 各组黑斑蛙肠道菌群α多样性指数Table 3 Alpha diversity indexes of intestinal flora of dark-spotted frogs in different groups |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | ||
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 704.46±95.86b | 635.90±33.84b | 1 018.10±162.18a | 1 058.46±61.30a | 1 101.94±103.58a | 0.013 |
| Faith_pd指数Faith_pd index | 57.94±8.41b | 55.15±3.41b | 72.38±9.07ab | 68.18±1.90ab | 80.57±5.12a | 0.046 |
| Observed_species指数 Observed_species index | 677.53±92.12b | 611.28±35.13b | 972.48±159.17ab | 1 038.40±62.02a | 1 077.08±108.93a | 0.013 |
| Pielou_e指数Pielou_e index | 0.60±0.04 | 0.59±0.00 | 0.64±0.03 | 0.62±0.04 | 0.67±0.02 | 0.472 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 5.65±0.45b | 5.48±0.08ab | 6.34±0.31ab | 6.25±0.42ab | 6.70±0.34a | 0.048 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.91±0.04 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.95±0.02 | 0.92±0.04 | 0.96±0.01 | 0.761 |
2.4 放养密度对黑斑蛙肠道菌群组成的影响
图2 各组黑斑蛙肠道菌群组成分析(A:门水平;B:属水平)Fig.2 Analysis of intestinal flora composition of dark-spotted frogs in different groups (A: phylum level; B: genus level) |
表4 黑斑蛙肠道菌群中的差异菌门和菌属(相对丰度)Table 4 Differential phyla and genera in intestinal flora of dark-spotted frogs (relative abundance) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | ||
| 门水平Phylum level | ||||||
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 55.81±6.06a | 62.70±7.87a | 52.15±11.60ab | 30.99±5.38b | 52.49±6.65ab | 0.040 |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 16.51±0.62b | 13.93±9.56b | 20.46±5.70ab | 34.34±4.38a | 26.37±5.99ab | 0.029 |
| 脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 13.68±7.70a | 7.10±4.10ab | 3.80±1.59ab | 1.43±0.49b | 4.66±0.37ab | 0.046 |
| 属水平Genus level | ||||||
| 拟杆菌属Bacteroides | 8.13±2.85b | 11.19±10.3ab | 9.27±3.91ab | 25.81±5.52a | 14.67±3.15ab | 0.049 |
| 罗姆布茨菌属Romboutsia | 2.50±1.89ab | 9.51±5.45a | 3.86±2.08b | 0.93±0.38b | 1.93±1.09ab | 0.046 |
2.5 黑斑蛙肠道菌群功能潜能预测分析
表5 KEGG代谢通路统计Table 5 Metabolic pathway statistics based on KEGG |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | ||
| 生物合成Biosynthesis | 161 817±2 479 | 156 281±4 483 | 164 237±3 815 | 162 404±6 045 | 163 792±3 933 | 0.703 |
| 降解/利用/同化 Degradation/utilization/ assimilation | 38 951±4 810 | 44 217±2 956 | 40 809±2 593 | 43 350±2 386 | 41 392±1 359 | 0.754 |
| 解毒Detoxification | 1 026±323 | 1 098±278 | 916±158 | 503±87 | 1 002±307 | 0.486 |
| 前体代谢产物和能量的产生 Generation of precursor metabolite and energy | 28 706±1967 | 30 605±851 | 29 809±2 345 | 30 658±2 485 | 31 030±1 920 | 0.926 |
| 聚糖途径Glycan pathways | 2 608±94b | 2 948±82ab | 3 083±216a | 2 951±87ab | 2 949±147ab | 0.025 |
| 大分子修饰 Macromolecule modification | 1 263±163 | 999±175 | 1 152±202 | 1 347±239 | 1 299±37 | 0.655 |
| 代谢簇Metabolic clusters | 6 838±504 | 6 841±71 | 7 688±84 | 7 090±332 | 7 308±187 | 0.238 |

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