1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 样本采集
1.3 菌株分离与鉴定
1.3.1 试验材料
1.3.2 试验方法
1.3.2.1 分离纯化
1.3.2.2 筛选
1.3.2.3 鉴定
1.3.2.4 胃肠液耐受性试验
1.3.2.5 抑菌试验
1.3.2.6 药敏试验
1.3.2.7 生长曲线测定
1.3.3 酵母菌的体外发酵试验
1.3.3.1 试验设计
1.3.3.2 产气量测定
1.3.3.3 养分降解率测定
1.4 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 菌株的分离纯化
2.2 菌株的筛选
2.3 筛选出的菌株的形态学特征
2.4 筛选出的菌株的生化鉴定
表1 2株安全菌株的生化鉴定结果Table 1 Biochemical identification results of two safe strains |
| 项目 Items | 菌株Strains | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma | Mb | ||||
| D-葡萄糖D-glucose | + | + | |||
| 麦芽糖Maltose | + | + | |||
| 乳糖Lactose | - | - | |||
| 半乳糖Galactose | + | + | |||
| 纤维二糖同化 Cellobiose assimilation | - | - | |||
| 水杨苷Salicin | - | - | |||
| 柠檬酸盐Citrate | - | - | |||
| 硝酸钾Potassium nitrate | - | - | |||
| L-赖氨酸L-lysine | - | - | |||
| 尸胺Cadaverine | - | - | |||
| 无烟酸Smokeless acid | + | + | |||
| 尿素Urea | - | - | |||
| 类淀粉形成Amyloid formation | - | - | |||
| 0.01%放线菌酮 0.01% actinomycin | - | - | |||
| 50% D-葡糖糖生长 50% D-glucose growth | - | - | |||
“+”表示阳性;“-”表示阴性。 | |
“+” means positive, “-” means negative. |
2.5 筛选出的菌株的26S rDNA测序结果
图4 2株酵母菌的基因组DNA电泳图M:DL2000DNA标记物 DL2000DNA marker。 Fig.4 Genomic DNA electrophoresis of two yeast strains |
表2 Ma和Mb菌株的26S rDNA序列相似性比对结果Table 2 Similarity comparison of 26S rDNA sequences from strains Ma and Mb |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 中文名 Chinese name | 英文名 English name | 覆盖率 Coverage/% | 同源性 Holomogy/% | 序列号 Serial number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma | 酿酒酵母菌 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100 | 100 | KM655848 |
| Mb | 酿酒酵母菌 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100 | 100 | JX103177 |
2.6 2株酿酒酵母菌的抑菌性
2.7 2株酿酒酵母菌的药敏性
图6 2株酿酒酵母菌对7种抗生素的敏感性ERM:红霉素 erythromycin;ENR:恩诺沙星 enrofloxacin;CIP:环丙沙星 ciprofloxacin;DO:强力霉菌素 doxycycline;S:链霉素 streptomycin;N:新霉素 neomycin;PB:多黏菌素B polymyxin B;PEN:青霉素 penicillin;AMP:氨苄西林 ampicillin;KAN:卡那霉素 kanamycins。 “S”、“I”、“R”和“-(R)”依次表示高度敏感、中度敏感、不敏感和无抑菌圈。“S”、“I”、“R” and “-(R)” represent sequentially as highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, insensitive and no zone of inhibition. Fig.6 Sensitivities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to seven antibiotics |
2.8 2株酿酒酵母菌的生长曲线和耐受性
2.9 不同剂量的酿酒酵母菌Ma对体外发酵条件下产气量的影响
表3 不同剂量的酿酒酵母菌Ma对体外发酵条件下产气量的影响Table 3 Effects of different doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ma on gas production under in vitro fermentation mL |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | 4组 Group 4 | 5组 Group | 6组 Group 6 | 7组 Group 7 | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | 三次 Triple | ||||||||||
| 产气量Gas production | ||||||||||||
| 2 h | 7.50 | 6.92 | 8.53 | 7.68 | 8.42 | 9.83 | 9.25 | 7.50 | 0.69 | 0.15 | 0.80 | 0.05 |
| 4 h | 19.08ab | 14.83b | 19.18ab | 18.13ab | 19.52ab | 27.25a | 27.58a | 20.78ab | 2.17 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
| 6 h | 71.27ab | 62.72b | 77.17ab | 80.68ab | 79.88ab | 89.17a | 83.30ab | 66.33ab | 4.38 | 0.13 | 0.29 | <0.01 |
| 8 h | 185.83a | 104.67c | 142.83bc | 158.83ab | 187.52a | 159.67ab | 152.70ab | 175.42ab | 7.51 | 0.55 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 10 h | 168.42b | 173.33b | 194.23ab | 190.03ab | 215.47a | 221.83a | 192.58ab | 181.33b | 6.32 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 12 h | 192.18c | 198.75c | 225.17bc | 218.68bc | 239.92ab | 271.12a | 220.13bc | 220.08bc | 6.68 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
| 24 h | 289.92abc | 272.50c | 280.08bc | 300.50abc | 313.50ab | 323.17a | 308.92abc | 318.50ab | 7.46 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| 36 h | 415.33ab | 391.72b | 428.30ab | 416.98ab | 453.33a | 451.48a | 435.67ab | 429.15ab | 9.01 | 0.01 | 0.76 | <0.01 |
| 48 h | 430.73cd | 419.83d | 431.33cd | 455.43bc | 495.18a | 479.80ab | 471.48ab | 448.78c | 5.26 | <0.01 | 0.50 | <0.01 |
| 理论总产气量 Total theoretical gas production | 477.09c | 471.66c | 467.98c | 487.66abc | 525.12a | 495.95abc | 519.36ab | 482.21bc | 7.08 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the same row with different lowercase letter superscripts indicate significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same lowercase letter superscripts indicate no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.10 不同剂量的酿酒酵母菌Ma对体外发酵条件下养分降解率的影响
表4 不同剂量的酿酒酵母菌Ma对体外发酵条件下养分降解率的影响Table 4 Effects of different doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ma on nutrient degradation rates under in vitro fermentation % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | 4组 Group 4 | 5组 Group | 6组 Group 6 | 7组 Group 7 | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | 三次 Triple | ||||||||||
| 总能GE | 58.56b | 59.35b | 59.78b | 63.20a | 63.56a | 64.74a | 57.66b | 57.75b | 0.45 | 0.20 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 干物质DM | 60.05c | 60.70bc | 64.41a | 63.96ab | 65.22a | 64.41a | 64.39a | 58.37c | 0.60 | 0.05 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 72.73c | 73.86bc | 74.65bc | 72.89c | 78.01a | 76.02ab | 72.51c | 74.94bc | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 37.63cd | 36.73d | 36.33d | 37.20d | 42.57a | 38.93bcd | 40.40abc | 41.90cd | 0.62 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 24.95bc | 23.33c | 26.50ab | 27.60a | 26.95ab | 26.58ab | 25.55abc | 27.32ab | 0.46 | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.03 |

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